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Introduction to Computer
The Computer Revolution
n Progress in computer technology
n Moores Law
n Makes novel applications feasible
n Computers in automobiles
n Cell phones
n Biomedical project
n Internet+
n Security
n Computers are pervasive
Microprocessor: 4-bit
by Daniel W. Lewis
Microprocessor:
8-bit Motorola
68HC11.
by Daniel W. Lewis
by Daniel W. Lewis
Microprocessor:
8-bit Motorola
68HC05.
by Daniel W. Lewis
Microprocessor:
8-bit Intel 80C85.
by Daniel W. Lewis
Microprocessor:
8-bit Motorola
68HC912.
by Daniel W. Lewis
Microprocessor:
32-bit.
Microprocessor:
Motorola 32-bit MCORE.
by Daniel W. Lewis
Microprocessor:
Apple A4,
a 32-bit ARM RISC.
Microprocessor:
32-bit Apple A6 and
M7 Coprocessor
Microprocessor:
Apple A10, based on
64-bit quad-core
ARMv8-A
by Daniel W. Lewis
Microprocessor:
64-bit MIPS RISC.
by Daniel W. Lewis
Output
device
Network
cable
Input Input
device device
(Source: Wikipedia.org)
n Assembly language
n What both we and computers can use
n Machine instruction
n What computers use
From Wikipedia
n In CMOS IC technology
Power = Capacitive load Voltage 2 Frequency
52% per year, benefited from 20% per year, limited by power,
architecture/organization advances instruction-level parallelism,
memory latency
Chapter 1 Computer Abstractions and Technology 31
Technology Trends
n Electronics technology
continues to evolve
n Reduced cost
n Parallelism
n Low power
n Increased capacity and
performance
(From Wikipedia)
Clock (cycles)
Data transfer
and computation
Update state
n Performance improved by
n Reducing number of clock cycles Tradeoff we will
face when
n Increasing clock rate designing the
CPU
n Performance depends on
n Algorithm: affects IC, possibly CPI
n Programming language: affects IC, CPI
n Compiler: affects IC, CPI
n Instruction set architecture: affects IC, CPI, Tc