Exercise 10.

2 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI
Page 326

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Question # 1
Prove that
(i) sin(180 + ) = sin (ii) cos(180 + ) = cos
(iii) tan ( 270 ) = cot (iv) cos( 180 ) = cos
(v) cos(270 + ) = sin (vi) sin( + 270 ) = cos
(vii) tan (180 + ) = tan (viii) cos(360 ) = cos
Solution
(i) L.H.S = sin(180 + ) = sin180 cos + cos180 sin
= sin ( 0 ) cos + (1)sin = 0 sin = sin = R.H.S
(ii) Do youself
tan 270 tan
(iii) L.H.S = tan ( 270 ) =
1 + tan 270 tan
tan tan
tan 270 1 1
= tan 270
=
1 1
tan 270 + tan + tan
tan 270
=
(1 0 ) = 1 = cot = R.H.S
( 0 + tan ) tan
Remaining do yourself.
Question # 2
Find the values of the following:
(i) sin15 (ii) cos15 (iii) tan15
Solution
(i) Since 15 = 45 30
So sin15 = sin(45 30) = sin 45 cos30 cos 45 sin 30
1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1
= = =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(ii) Since 15 = 45 30
So cos15 = cos(45 30) = cos 45 cos30 + sin 45 sin 30
3 1 3 +1
= + =
2 2 2 2 2 2
(iii) Since 15 = 45 30
tan 45 tan 30
So tan15 = tan(45 30) =
1 + tan 45 tan 30
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3 1
1 1
3
1 1
3 3 1
= = = 3
= .
1 + (1) ( ) 1
3
1+ 1
3
3 +1
3
3 +1

For (iv), (v) and (vi), we have hint:

Hint: Use 105 = 60 + 45 in these questions
Question # 3
Prove that:
1 1
(i) sin(45 + ) = (sin + cos ) (ii) cos(45 + ) = (cos sin )
2 2
Solution
(i) L.H.S = sin(45 + )
1 1
= sin 45 cos + cos 45 sin = cos + sin )
2 2
1 1
= ( cos + sin ) = ( sin + cos ) = R.H.S
2 2
(ii) Do yourself as above
Question # 4
Prove that:
3
(i) tan(45 + A) tan(45 A) = 1 (ii) tan + tan + = 0
4 4

sin cos tan
2 = tan
(iii) sin + + cos + = cos (iv)
6 3 2
cos + sin tan
2
1 tan tan cos ( + )
(v) =
1 + tan tan cos ( )
Solution
(i) L.H.S = tan(45 + A) tan(45 A)
tan 45 + tan A tan 45 tan A
=
1 tan 45 tan A 1 + tan 45 tan A
1 + tan A 1 tan A 1 + tan A 1 tan A
= = 1 tan A 1 + tan A = 1 = R.H.S
1 (1) tan A 1 + (1) tan A
3
(ii) L.H.S = tan + tan +
4 4
3
tan tan tan + tan
= 4 4
+ 3
1 + tan tan 1 tan tan
4 4

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 FSc-I / 10.2 - 3

1 tan 1 + tan
= +
1 + (1) tan 1 (1) tan
1 tan 1 + tan
= +
1 + tan 1 + tan
1 tan 1 + tan 0
= = = 0 = R.H.S
1 + tan 1 + tan

(iii) L.H.S = sin + + cos +
6 3

= sin cos + cos sin + cos cos sin sin
6 6 3 3
3 1 1 3
= sin + cos + cos sin
2 2 2 2
3 1 1 3
= sin + cos + cos sin = cos = R.H .S .
2 2 2 2

sin cos tan
(iv) L.H.S = 2

cos + sin tan
2

sin sin cos cos sin
sin cos 2 2 2

cos cos
= 2 = 2

sin cos cos + sin sin
cos + sin 2 2 2

cos cos
2 2

=
sin cos cos sin
2 2 =
sin
2
=
sin
2 ( ) = tan

= R.H.S

cos cos + sin sin

cos cos
2 ( ) 2
2 2 2
1 tan tan
(v) L.H.S =
1 + tan tan
sin sin cos cos sin sin
1
cos cos cos cos
= =
sin sin cos cos + sin sin
1+
cos cos cos cos
cos cos sin sin cos ( + )
= = = R.H.S
cos cos + sin sin cos ( )

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FSc-I / 10.2 - 4

Question # 5
Show that: cos( + ) cos( ) = cos 2 sin 2 = cos 2 sin 2
Solution
L.H.S = cos( + ) cos( )
= ( cos cos sin sin )( cos cos + sin sin )
( 2
= ( cos cos ) ( sin sin )
2
) = cos cos sin sin
2 2 2 2

= cos 2 (1 sin 2 ) (1 cos 2 ) sin 2
= cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 sin 2 + cos 2 sin 2
= cos 2 sin 2 .. (i)
= (1 sin 2 ) (1 cos 2 )
= 1 sin 2 1 + cos 2
= cos 2 sin 2 .. (ii)
Question # 6 Do yourself as above
Hint: Just open the formulas
Question # 7
Show that
cot cot 1 cot cot + 1
(i) cot( + ) = (ii) cot( ) =
cot + cot cot cot
tan + tan sin( + )
(iii) =
tan tan sin( )
Solution
1 1
(i) L.H.S = cot( + ) = =
tan( + ) tan + tan
1 tan tan
1
tan tan 1
=
1 tan tan
= tan tan
tan + tan 1 1
tan tan +
tan tan
cot cot 1 cot cot 1
= = = R.H.S
cot + cot cot + cot
(ii)
Do yourself as above
(iii)
sin sin sin cos + cos sin
+
tan + tan cos cos cos cos
L.H.S = = =
tan tan sin sin sin cos cos sin

cos cos cos cos

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 FSc-I / 10.2 - 5

sin cos + cos sin sin( + )

= = = R.H.S
sin cos cos sin sin( )
Question # 8
4 40
If sin = and cos = where 0 < < and 0 < < .
5 41 2 2
133
Show that sin( ) =
205
4
Solution Since sin = ; 0 < <
5 2
40
cos = ; 0< <
41 2
Now
cos 2 = 1 sin 2
cos = 1 sin 2
Since terminal ray of is in the first quadrant so value of cos is +ive
cos = 1 sin 2
2
4 16 9 3
cos = 1 = 1 = cos =
5 25 25 5
Also
sin 2 = 1 cos 2 sin = 1 cos 2
Since terminal ray of is in the first quadrant so value of sin is +ive
sin = 1 cos 2
2
40 1600 81 9
sin = 1 = 1 = sin =
41 1681 1681 41
Now
sin( ) = sin cos cos sin
4 40 3 9 160 27 133
= = =
5 41 5 41 205 205 205
133
i.e. sin( ) = Proved
205
Question # 9
4 12
If sin = and sin = where < < and < < . Find
5 13 2 2
(i) sin( + ) (ii) cos( + ) (iii) tan( + )
(iv) sin( ) (v) cos( ) (vi) tan( )
In which quadrant do the terminal sides of the angles of measures ( + ) and ( )
lie?
Solution

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FSc-I / 10.2 - 6

4
Since sin = ; < <
5 2
12
sin = ; < <
13 2
Since cos 2 = 1 sin 2 cos = 1 sin 2
As terminal ray of lies in the IInd quadrant so value of cos is ive
cos = 1 sin 2
2
4 16 9 3
cos = 1 = 1 = cos =
5 25 25 5
Now
cos 2 = 1 sin 2
cos = 1 sin 2
As terminal ray of lies in the IInd quadrant so value of cos is ive
cos = 1 sin 2
2
12 144 25 5
cos = 1 = 1 = cos =
13 169 169 13
(i) sin( + ) = sin cos + cos sin
4 5 3 12 20 36 56
= + = =
5 13 5 13 65 65 65

(ii) cos( + ) = cos cos sin sin

3 5 4 12 15 48 33
= = =
5 13 5 13 65 65 65

56
sin( + ) 65 56
(iii) tan( + ) = = =
cos( + ) 33 33
65

(iv), (v) & (vi) Do yourself as above

Since sin( + ) is ive so terminal are of + is in IIIrd or IVth quadrant

and cos( + ) is ive so terminal are of + is in IInd or IIIrd quadrant
therefore terminal ray of + lies in the IIIrd quadrant.
Similarly after solving (iv), (v) & (vi) find quadrant for yourself.
Question # 10
Find sin( + ) and cos( + ) , given that

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 FSc-I / 10.2 - 7

3 5
(i) tan = , sin = and neither the terminal side of the angle of measure nor
4 13
that of is in the I quadrant.
15 7
(ii) tan = , sin = and neither the terminal side of the angle of measure
8 25
nor that of is in the IV quadrant.
Solution
3
(i) Since tan =
4
As tan is +ive and terminal arm of in not in the Ist quad. Therefor it lies in IIIrd
quad.
Now
sec2 = 1 + tan 2
sec = 1 + tan 2
Since terminal arm of is in the IIIrd quad., therefor value of sec is ive
sec = 1 + tan 2
2
3 9 25 5
sec = 1 + = 1 + = sec x =
4 16 16 4
1 1 4
Now cos = = cos =
sec 5 5
4
sin
Now = tan sin = tan cos
cos
3 4 3
sin = sin =
4 5 5
5
Since cos =
13
As cos is +ive and terminal arm of is not in the Ist quad., therefore it lies in IVth
quad.
Now sin 2 = 1 cos 2
sin = 1 cos 2
Since terminal ray of is in the fourth quadrant so value of sin is ive
sin = 1 cos 2
2
5 25 144 12
sin = 1 = 1 = sin =
13 169 169 13

Now sin( + ) = sin cos + cos sin

3 5 4 12 3 48 33
= + = + sin( + ) =
5 13 5 13 13 65 65
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FSc-I / 10.2 - 8

And cos( + ) = cos cos sin sin

4 5 3 12 4 36 56
= = cos( + ) =
5 13 5 13 13 65 65
(ii)
Do yourself as above
Question # 11
cos8 sin8
Prove that: = tan 37
cos8 + sin8
Solution
R.H.S = tan 37 = tan(45 8) 37 = 45 8
tan 45 tan8 1 tan8
= =
1 + tan 45 tan8 1 + (1) tan8
sin8 cos8 sin8
1
cos8 = cos8 cos8 sin8
= = = L.H.S
sin8 cos8 + sin8 cos8 + sin8
1+
cos8 cos8
Question # 12
If , , are the angles of a tringle ABC , show that

cot + cot + cot = cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
Solution
Since , and are angles of triangle therefore
+ + = 180 + = 180
+ 180
= + = 90
2 2 2 2 2

Now tan + = tan 90
2 2 2

tan + tan
2 2 = cot
tan 90 = cot
2 2 2
1 tan tan
2 2
1 1

tan tan + cot + cot
2 2 tan 2 tan 2 = cot 2 2 = cot

1 2 2
tan tan 1 cot cot 1
2 2 tan 2 tan 2 2 2


cot + cot = cot cot cot 1
2 2 2 2 2

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 FSc-I / 10.2 - 9

cot + cot = cot cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2

cot + cot + cot = cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
Question # 13
If + + = 180 , show that
cot cot + cot cot + cot cot = 1
Solution
Since , and are angles of triangle therefore
+ + = 180 + = 180
Now tan ( + ) = tan (180 )
tan + tan
= tan ( 2(90) )
1 tan tan
tan + tan
= tan
1 tan tan
tan + tan = tan (1 tan tan )
tan + tan = tan + tan tan tan
tan + tan + tan = tan tan tan
Dividing through out by tan tan tan
tan tan tan tan tan tan
+ + =
tan tan tan tan tan tan tan tan tan tan tan tan
cot cot + cot cot + cot cot = 1
cot cot + cot cot + cot cot = 1
Question # 14
Express the following in the form r sin( + ) or r sin( ) , where terminal sides of
the angles of measure and are in the first quadrant:
(i) 12sin + 5cos (ii) 3sin 4cos (iii) sin cos
(iv) 5sin 4cos (v) sin + cos

Solution
(i) 12sin + 5cos
Let 12 = r cos and 5 = r sin
Squaring and adding 5 r sin
=
(12) 2 + (5) 2 = r 2 cos 2 + r 2 sin 2 12 r cos
144 + 25 = r 2 ( cos 2 + sin 2 ) 5
= tan
169 = r 2 (1) 12
5
r = 169 = 13 = tan 1
12
Now
12sin + 5cos = r cos sin + r sin cos
= r ( cos sin + sin cos )
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FSc-I / 10.2 - 10

5
= r sin ( + ) where r = 13 and = tan 1
12
(ii) 3sin 4cos
Let 3 = r cos and 4 = r sin
Squaring and adding 4 r sin
=
(3) 2 + (4) 2 = r 2 cos 2 + r 2 sin 2 3 r cos
9 + 16 = r 2 ( cos 2 + sin 2 ) 4
= tan
25 = r 2 (1) 3
4
r = 25 = 5 = tan 1
3
3sin 4cos = r cos sin + r sin cos
= r ( cos sin + sin cos )
4
= r sin ( + ) where r = 5 and = tan 1
3
(iii) sin cos
Let 1 = r cos and 1 = r sin
Squaring and adding 1 r sin
=
(1) 2 + (1)2 = r 2 cos 2 + r 2 sin 2 1 r cos
1 + 1 = r 2 ( cos 2 + sin 2 ) 1 = tan
2 = r 2 (1) = tan 1 ( 1)
r= 2
Now
sin cos = r cos sin + r sin cos
= r ( cos sin + sin cos )
= r sin ( + ) where r = 2 and = tan 1 ( 1)

(iv) 5sin 4cos

Let 5 = r cos and 4 = r sin
Squaring and adding 4 r sin
=
(5) 2 + (4) 2 = r 2 cos 2 + r 2 sin 2 5 r cos
25 + 16 = r 2 ( cos 2 + sin 2 ) 4
= tan
41 = r 2 (1) 5
4
r = 41 = tan 1
5
Now
5sin 4cos = r cos sin + r sin cos
= r ( cos sin + sin cos )

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 FSc-I / 10.2 - 11

4
= r sin ( + ) where r = 41 and = tan 1
5
(v) sin + cos
Let 1 = r cos and 1 = r sin
Squaring and adding 1 r sin
=
(1) 2 + (1) 2 = r 2 cos 2 + r 2 sin 2 1 r cos
1 + 1 = r 2 ( cos 2 + sin 2 ) 1 = tan
2 = r 2 (1) = tan 1 (1)
r= 2
Now sin + cos = r cos sin + r sin cos
= r ( cos sin + sin cos )
= r sin ( + ) where r = 2 and = tan 1 (1)

(vi) Do yourself as above

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Book: Exercise 10.2 (Page 326)

Text Book of Algebra and Trigonometry Class XI
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.

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