MCQ Unit 7 ANSWERS

1)! C 6. B
2)! D 7. A
TYS Unit 7 3)! D 8. B
(Science Biology) 4)! C 9. C
Transport in Mammals 5)! C 10. C
11. C

Essay Qn 1a
!! Oxygenated blood coming from the
lungs enters into the left atrium (A) via
the pulmonary veins [1/2]
!! Blood then enters into the left ventricle
(B) due to a pressure gradient, and
due to the contraction of the left
atrium;
Essay Qn 1a
!! The left ventricle (B) then contracts,
pushing blood out into the aortic arch,
which carries blood to the rest of the
body;
!! Blood is prevented from flowing back
into the left atrium due to the closure
of the bicuspid/mitral valve [1/2]

Essay Qn 1a
!! Deoxygenated blood returning from
the rest of the body enters into the
right atrium (D) via the vena cavae
[1/2]
!! Blood then enters into the right
ventricle (C) due to a pressure
gradient and due to the contraction of
the right atrium;
Essay Qn 1a
!! The right ventricle (C) then contracts,
pushing blood out into the pulmonary
arteries, which carries blood to the
lungs;
!! Blood is prevented from flowing back
into the right atrium due to the closure
of the tricuspid valve [1/2]
Essay Qn 3a Unit 7 Essay Qn 3b
Structure Function
Artery: Thicker layer of Withstand high pressure of
muscle and elastic tissue blood, elastic tissue allows
compared to the veins; artery to recoil and push
blood along;
Veins: Thinner layer of Pressure in the veins is
muscle & elastic tissue lower, hence this layer can
compared to arteries; be thinner;
Veins: Semi-lunar valves To prevent the backflow of
present along length of blood in veins where
vein, absent in most pressure is lower;
arteries;

Structured Qn 1a Structured Qn 1bi

(i)! The heart is made of muscle, which
by contracting and relaxing, help to
drive the blood around the body;
(ii)! The valves prevent the backflow of
blood into the atria when the
ventricles are contracting;
"! Blood pressure in the veins is much
lower than in the arteries, and there
is a higher tendency for backflow of
blood;
"! This backflow of blood is prevented
by the presence of valves in the
veins;

Structured Qn 1bii Structured Qn 1c

!! They have a thin wall made of one
layer of flattened cells, which
decreases diffusion distance for
exchange of materials between the
blood and surrounding cells;
!! They have pores to increase the rate
of exchange of substances;
!! They are highly branched to increase
the surface area available for
exchange of materials;
!! During an injury, platelets help in the
formation of a blood clot [1/2]
!! Damaged tissues release
thromboplastin which converts
prothrombin into thrombin;
!! Thrombin converts fibrinogen into
fibrin, which traps platelets and blood
cells, forming the clot [1/2]
 Structured Qn 2a Structured Qn 2bi
!! Red blood cells: Transport oxygen
!! Platelets: Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
!! Plasma: Transports soluble food
substances
cell surface
!! White blood cells: Forms antibodies
membrane
!! Deduct 1 mark for 1 mistake, 1/2 mark
for 2nd-3rd mistake

Structured Qn 2bii Structured Qn 2biii

!! Red blood cells do not have a nucleus !! Bi-concave disc shape increases
while white blood cells contain nuclei surface area for diffusion of oxygen in
[1/2] and out of RBC;
!! Red blood cells have a circular bi- !! Absence of nucleus allows for more
concave disc shape, while white blood
cells have an irregular shape; haemoglobin to be packed into
cytoplasm which allows RBC to carry
!! Red blood cells contain haemoglobin
more oxygen;
in their cytoplasm and hence appear
red, while white blood cells do not
contain haemoglobin and appear
colourless [1/2]

Structured Qn 3 Structured Qn 3c
!! (a) artery; small artery ; capillary; small vein;
vein [3] !! (i) coronary heart disease [1]
!! (b) (i) Blood flow in arteries is fast and in !! (ii) high saturated fat diet [1] / lack of
spurts as it flows under high pressure [1] ; exercise [1] / smoking [1] [Any 2]
hence arterial walls are much thicker to
withstand the pressure exerted on their
walls [1]
!! (ii) Blood pressure in veins is much lower
and therefore there is a possibility of
backflow [1] ; hence veins have valves to
prevent backflow/ensure unidirectional flow
and skeletal muscles around them to push
the blood forward [1]