1. Tittle : Position Statement for Screening for Colorectal Cancer.

Aims
To give information about colorectal cancer in new zealand and treatment for prevent,
diagnose and cure colorectal cancer.
Important Points
Colorectal cancer is the second leading of cancer death for both men and woman. In
2005 there were 1331 new registrations and 608 deaths. New Zealand have highest
rates of colorectal cancer in the world.
Screening for colorectal cancer has been on and off the New Zealand political
agenda for many yeras. There are key steps required before screening could accure,
despite this being unresolved at the time.
There are many kind of screening test, include FOB (Faecal Occult Blood) test, FS
(Flexible sigmoidoscopy), Colonoscopy, Colonography.
A family history of colorectal cancermay increase an individuals lifetime risk of
developing this desease.
2. Tittle : Colorectal Cancer in Egypt is Commoner in Young People: Is This Cause for Alarm?
Aims
Determine the prevalence of CRC among patients undergoing colonoscopy in Egypt.
Important Points
Colorectal cancer os the third most common cancer worldwide, occuring in develop
countries, often found in those aged 50 years or older.
Colonoscopy is central role in detection and prevention of CRC.
In egypt from January 2000 to January 2012, there were total 57 cases of CRC
detected. 56% was female. The mean age was 5115 years, but 25% occure in
patient that less than 40 years old. The most frequent indication was rectal bleeding
(39%). The location of the cancere were in left colons (53%), rectum (16%) and
proximal colon (32%). Histopathilogy revealed adenocarcinoma (91%), two signet-
ring cell carcinoma (4%), two-mucoid carcinoma (4%) and one anaplastic carcinoma
(2%).
In middle-eastern and african countries show higher CRC rates in younger patients
than in the west. It is unclear if the high young-onset rate is due to adoption of a
more westernized lifestyle and diet or due to intense environmental exposure
with more susceptibility among the younger generations.
Diet and lifestyles factors are implicated risk factor of the desease.
 Detecting CRC at an early, more treatable stage is importnt for cre and survival.
3. Tittle :
Higher Prevalence of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia: Propensity for
Lung Metastasis.
Aims
To study about cause of colorectal cancer and the complication in other organs.
Important Points
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second mos common cancer in develop countries both
in men and woman and accounts for about 1 million new casses in 2002 and 530000
deaths every year
The most common mutations found in CRC are in exon 2 and to a lesser magnitude
in exon 3. If KRAS (Kristen Rate Sarcoma) mutated , leads to the expression of
proteins that control the cell cycle. KRAS mutations involving environmental
mechanism rather than familial.
A total 83 samples of referred colorectal cancer tumor tissue specimens were
utilized. The median age of patients was 55 years, majority were between 40 and 60
years old with male to female ratio was 1,3 :1. Adenocarcinoma was the dominant
histological type with 83% and 87% were advanced stage dukes C and D. KRAS
mutation was observed in 42,2% patients with colorectal cancer.
KRAS mutations are among the most vital transforming genetic changes occuring
during colorectal tumorigenesis.
The liver and the lung are frequent sites of CRC metastases, lung metastases are
more frequent with rectal cancer while liver metastases are more common with
collon cancer.
Frequencies of CIMP, MSI and BRAF mutation increased in a statiscally linear fashion
from the rectum to the ascending colon, while the KRAS mutation was high in caceal
cancer.
Confirms that KRAS mutations in the primary tumor may be associated with an
increased risk of relapsin the lung or brain, but may not modify the risk of relapse in
the liver.
4. Tittle : Long Term Colorectal Cancer Mortality after Adenoma Removal.
Aims
To give information the effect of adenoma removal in colorectal cancer patients.
Important Points
 Randomized trials of screening program have documented in association between
screening and a sustained reduction in colorectal cancer mortality, the benefit of
screening most likely due to early dtection of cancer, endoscopic removal of
adenomas and surveillance of patients.
Of the 442 patients, 220 had adenomas that were classified as high risk on the basis
of criteria used.
A total 1273 patients in the adenoma cohort,of these, 383 patients died of colorectal
cancer.
In men, adenoma removal was associated with risk reduction of 14% but no
significant reduction in woman. Colorectal cancer mortality among patinents who
had low risk adenomas was reduced by 25%.
There are 33 more deaths from colorectal cancer among patients who had high risk
adenomas and 48 fewer deaths in low risk adenomas.
Underwent the removal of low risk adeomas had a reduced risk of death from
colorectal cancer, but removal og high risk adenokas had a 16% increase in the risk
of death from colorectal cancer.
It is possible that adenomas are associated with an increased risk of death from any
cause. Its confirm that te risk of death from colorectal cancer after adenoma
removal is similiar to the risk of death from colorectal cancer in the general
population.
Colorectal cancer mortality was considerably higher among patients who underwent
removal of high risk adenomas than among those who underwent removal of low
risk adenomas.