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Note:
The difference of the ages of two persons is constant at any time.
If
A = present age of Albert and
B = present age of Bryan
Example
Six years ago, Romel was five times as old as Lejon. In five years, Romel will be three times as old
as Lejon. What is the present age of Lejon?
Solution
Let
RR = present age of Romel
LL = present age of Lejon
Substitute R = 5L - 24
5L24=3L+105L24=3L+10
2L=342L=34
L=17 yrs old
Example 01 | Age-related problem
Problem
Alfred is four times as old as his nephew Franco. 5 years ago, the sum of their ages is equal to the
present age of Alfred. How old is each?
Solution
Let
A = present age of Alfred
F = present age of Franco
A5 = age of Alfred 5 years ago
F5 = age of Franco 5 years ago
Solution
Let
x = number of children in the family
y = sum of parents ages
z = sum of childrens ages
The sum of the parents ages is twice the sum of their childrens ages
y=2z equation (1)
Five years ago, the sum of the parents ages is four times the sum of their childrens ages
y5(2)=4(z5x)
y10=4z20x
Substitute y = 2z
2z10=4z20x
20x10=2z
z=10x5 equation (2)
In fifteen years, the sum of the parents ages will be equal to the sum of their childrens ages
y+15(2)=z+15x
y+30=z+15x
Substitute y = 2z
2z+30=z+15x
z+30=15x
Substitute z = 10x 5
(10x5)+30=15x
25=5x
x=5
Number-related Problems
Addition
Expressions that can be translated to addition, ( + ): sum, plus, added to, in addition, increased by,
and more than.
x plus y x+y
x increased by y x+y
x added to y y+x
x in addition to y y+x
Subtraction
Expressions that can be translated to subtraction, ( - ): difference, minus, subtract, subtract from,
less, less than, decreased by, diminished by, lowered by, and exceed.
x minus y x-y
x decreased by y x-y
x diminished by y x-y
x lowered by y x-y
x exceeds y x-y
x less y x-y
x times y xy
x of y xy
double a number x 2x
twice a number y 2y
Division
Expressions that can be translated to division, ( ): quotient of, divided by, and over.
x divided by y x/y
x over y x/y
Equality
The words is and by denotes equality, ( = ).
x exceeds y by z x-y=z
01 Problems involving sum of two numbers
Problem 1
The sum of two numbers is 120. If the greater number is four times the less, what are the
numbers?
Solution
Problem 2
The greater of two numbers is twice the less, and the sum of the numbers is 96. What are the
numbers?
Solution
Solution
x+3x=50000
4x=50000
x=12500
3x=37500
Answer:
Problem 4
Two boys, counting their money, found that together they had P372, and that Rody had ve
times as much as Mar. How much had each?
Solution
x+5x=372
6x=372
x=62
5x=310
Answer