MA 201

Partial Differential Equations

Tutorial Sheet-3

Jacobi method for I order PDEs, Classification of 2nd order PDEs, Canonical/Normal forms.

1. Let u = u(x1 , x2 , x3 ) and ui := uxi , where x1 , x2 , x3 are independent variables. Using Jacobi
method find the complete integral of

x1 u1 + x2 u2 = u23

2. Show that the complete integral of the equation

u u u
f( , , )=0
x1 x2 x3
is given by
u = ax1 + bx2 + (a, b)x3 + c
where a, b, c are arbitrary constants and f (a, b, (a, b)) = 0.

3. Using Jacobi method find the complete integral of the following first order PDEs in two
independent variables x, y and dependent variable z.

(i) pq = z.
(ii) z 2 = pqxy.
(ii) z = px + qy + pq.
p
(iii) z = px + qy + p2 + q 2 .

4. Classify the following second-order partial differential equations as hyperbolic, parabolic and
elliptic equations:

(i) xuxx + 4xyuxy + 4yuyy 12uy + 7u = x2 + y 2 .

(ii) 9sin(x + y)uxx + 6cos(x + y)uxy uyy sin(x + y) = 0.
(iii) (x + 1)uxx 2(x + 2)uxy + (x + 3)uyy = 0.
(iv) yuxx + (x + y)uxy + xuyy = 0.

5. Solve the following equations by reducing them to canonical form.

(i) uxx + 4uxy + 3uyy = 0.

(ii) 4uxx 12uxy + 9uyy = e3x+2y .
(iii) uxx + 2uxy + uyy = x2 + 3 sin(x 4y).

6. Reduce the following into canonical form.

4uxx + 2uxy + uyy = ux + x2 .