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Salient Messages from
IGES Policy Dialogues
Kentaro Tamura, PhD
Climate Policy Project
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) 1
IGES Asia Pacific Policy Dialogues
To promote constructive thinking on To contribute to a climate regime that
sustainable, low carbon development reflects the concerns and aspirations
in the Asia Pacific of stakeholders in the Asia Pacific
Beijing New Delhi
22‐23 September 22‐23 October
Low Carbon Scenarios
Domestic Mitigation Actions
Co‐benefits
MRV
Green Stimulus Adaptation
Bilateral Cooperation Non‐UNFCCC Processes
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Key Messages
Low carbon scenarios
1. Necessity of developing low carbon scenarios
Long‐term low carbon scenarios
Help policy makers identify cost‐effective policy options
Help people envision what low‐carbon society would be like.
Such visions also need to be endorsed by strong political will.
2. Technical feasibility
China could halve its GHG emissions from a BAU 2050 baseline (while
reaching the same quality of life in urban areas as Europe in 2030).
Japan could reduce its emissions by 70% by 2050.
3. Localizing models
City‐level low carbon models are needed to identify low carbon urban
planning and transport infrastructure options
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Key Messages
Domestic mitigation actions
4. Implementation issues (institutional feasibility)
Actual implementation of policies becomes more difficult in an issue‐
area where authority over policy‐making and implementation processes
is fragmented. Overcoming such institutional barriers is critical.
5. Commitments not caps
A package of domestic actions such as China’s 20% intensity targets and
fuel economy standards could help form the basis for post‐2012
commitments but not caps
6. Distributional impacts
Mechanisms to engage multi‐stakeholders in decision‐making are
needed to address distributional issues from low carbon policies
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China’s energy intensity
(1990=100)
• 11th Five Year Plan
• Rapid increase in
Source: ERI • RE target
industry product
• Energy saving
outputs
action for 1000
• Competition
large‐scale
among provinces
enterprises
to foster their own
• Closing down of
local champions ,
backward capacity
economic growth
• Linkage with
and tax revenue
carrier promotion
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Key Messages
Green Stimulus
7. Green stimulus package as a short‐term stimulus
Green stimulus packages can only have limited impacts on GHG
emissions by themselves: they should be a complement, not a
substitute, for climate and energy policies.
8. Institutional framework
Supporting legal and regulatory frameworks are necessary to align
short‐term investments with long‐term sustainability goals.
9. Multiple motivations
A desire to address three problems simultaneously motivated the
Republic of Korea’s green growth programme: the economic slowdown,
every insecurity and climate change.
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Key Messages
Co‐benefits
10. More attention to barriers
While further recognition of co‐benefit approaches has led to call for
mainstreaming and estimation of co‐benefits, few studies examine
technical, financial and institutional barriers to realise co‐benefits.
11. Integrate research and projects
Coordination between co‐benefits research and projects needs to be
enhanced.
12. Black carbon
Linkages between the sources of air pollution and climate forcers, such as
black carbon, need greater attention.
Key Messages
MRV (measuring, reporting and verification) system
13. Central component of the Copenhagen Accord
The objective of MRV is to guarantee the environmental effectiveness
and integrity of the system and build trust among countries through
enhanced transparency and accountability .
14. Flexible framework
The MRV framework needs to be flexible enough to accommodate
interventions with short‐term and long‐term GHG mitigation potential.
15. Capacity to MRV
Capacity to address GHG data limitations needs to be strengthened.
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Key Messages
Adaptation
16. Mainstreaming
• Mainstreaming adaptation into developmental planning has to happen
at all levels (national, regional and local levels).
• Future regime should facilitate “mainstreaming” by
providing practical examples,
improving capacities and
mandating all development policies undergo an “adaptation check”.
17. Adaptation governance
Enhanced coordination between adaptation funds and development
assistance, along with comparable measuring and reporting framework
could improve adaptation governance at all levels.
18. Incentives for mainstreaming
Incentives, such as low‐risk insurance premiums for those who take
adaptation measures , would have to be in place for enhancing
“mainstreaming” at various levels including adaptation in the private
sector (including individuals).
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Recent Outputs
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Downloadable at the IGES website: www.iges.or.jp
Concluding thoughts
• Economics and models stress cost‐effective policy
options and economic and technical feasibility.
Low carbon research should pay equal attention to
institutional feasibility and implementation problems.
• Enhanced information‐sharing of both mitigation and
adaptation actions is important for building trust
between developing and developed nations in climate
change negotiation.
High mitigation targets by developed countries,
voluntary efforts by developing countries and
adequate follow‐up of the Copenhagen Accord are
some effective trust‐building measures.
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Thank you very much!
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