Industrial training report

AT
JELECOM ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS DISTRIBUTION
TRAINING

Submitted

By

Opada Mohamed Abd-elhady

32010135

may 2015
 Index
Subject..1

Jelecom (Training For Excellent) 4

PART 1 Electrical Power Systems Distribution

CHAPTER: 1
Types of lamp....5

Types of luminaire.......11

Socket system& junction box....17

Distribution board...19

Watt-Hour Meter ..20

Fuse - ......21

Circuit breakers......22

Types of Circuit breakers..23

Automatic Transformer Switch....32

Cables.33

CHAPTER:2

Earthling System40

Ground Resistance Tester.....42

Lightning protection systems.....43

Short Circuit...44

Voltage drop calculation.....45

Transformer...46
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)..48

Electrical Measuring Instrument.49

CHAPTER: 3

LUX calculation manual51

LUX calculation by dialux program...52

AutoCAD .......54

Electrical Symbols...58

Single line diagram..59

LOAD SCHEDULE60

ETAP Program..61
 Subject
Electrical Power Systems Distribution
Types of lamp

Types of luminair

Socket system& junction box

Distribution board

Circuit breakers

Cables

Earthing System

Ground Resistance Tester

Lightning protection systems

Uninterruptible power supply ( UPS)

Transformer

LUX calculation

AutoCAD design for lighting

ETAP Program
Jelecom Technical Training

Description

Center which provides High quality training in

engineering systems (Technologies , Maintenance ,
Design and Implementation) to meet the challenges of
the modern industry and the requirements of the
.market place
Jelecom - Egypt is one of the major training
companies in the field of Communications -
Electronics - Automatic Control - Maintenance and
Mechatronics
CHAPTER: 1

Types of lamps
1-Filament-lamps
Incandescent lamp
Halogen lamp
2-Gas discharge lamps
Fluorescent lamp
Compact fluorescent
Low pressure sodium lamp, SOX
High pressure sodium lamp, HPS
High pressure mercury vapour lamp, HPM
Metal halide lamp, MH
High power LEDS
Emergency Luminaires
Incandescent lamp

halogen lamp
Fluorescent lamp
tube fluorescent

Compact fluorescent Circular Lamps Fluorescent

High power LEDS
Metal halide lamp, MH

High pressure mercury vapour lamp, HPM

High pressure sodium lamp, HPS
 Types of luminaire

Surface mounted
Recessed mounted
Wall mounted
Suspended
Industrial
Waterproof
Floodlights
High and low Bay
Spots
Downlight Luminaires
roadway luminaire
Underwater Swimming Pool Luminaire
Emergency Luminaires
Surface mounted

Recessed mounted
Wall mounted

Suspended
Industrial luminaire Waterproof

Floodlights High and low Bay

Spots Downlight Luminaires

roadway luminaire Underwater Swimming Pool Luminaire

Emergency Luminaires

Chandeliers pathway luminaire

Socket system& junction box
AC power sockets are devices that
allow electrically operated
equipment to be connected to
the primary alternating current (AC) power
supply in a building. Electrical sockets differ in
voltage and current rating, shape, size and
type of connectors. The types used in each
country are set by national standards

Single-phase socket 3phase socket

waterproof switch waterproof socket

Waterproof Isolators junction box

Distribution board

A distribution board is a component of an electricity

supply system which divides an electrical power feed
into subsidiary circuits, while providing a protective
fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit, in a common
enclosure. Normally, a main switch, and in recent
boards, one or more Residual-current devices (RCD)
or Residual Current Breakers with Overcurrent
protection (RCBO), will also be incorporated
Watt-Hour Meter (kWh) Meters

Used Watt-Hour Meter( Meters Three-Phase when load Greater than 10 kVA
Used Watt-Hour Meter( MetersSingle phase when load less than 10kVA
Fuse
A fuse is a safety device that lies in series in a circuit between an
electrical source and its associated load(s). When the current, or
flow of electricity, exceeds its designed threshold, the fuse is
calibrated to permanently open the series circuit, thereby
disconnecting the load(s) from the power source. Unlike circuit
breakers, which can be reset to allow current to flow again, once a
fuse disconnects, it must be discarded and replaced with a new
fuse.
Fuses protect a circuit from overheating due to excessive current
flow.

Fuse types
1-Semi-enclosed
2-Cartridge
Circuit breakers (C.B)
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated
electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by overload or short
circuit

Types of Circuit breakers

According to their arc quenching (rapid cooling) media the circuit
breaker can be divided as:

1-Air circuit breaker

2-Oil circuit breaker

3-Vacuum circuit breaker

4-SF6 circuit breaker

5-Carbon dioxide (CO2) circuit breakers

According to their services the circuit breaker can be divided as:

1-Outdoor circuit breaker

2-Indoor circuit breaker

According to the operating mechanism of circuit breaker they can

be divided as:
1-Spring operated circuit breaker

2-Pneumatic circuit breaker

2-Hydraulic circuit breaker

According to the voltage level of installation types of circuit

breaker are referred as:
1-Low-voltage circuit breakers- rated less than 1000 VAC
MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)

MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)

Residual current circuit breaker

Earth leakage circuit breaker

Air circuit breakers

2-Medium-voltage circuit breakers- rated between 1 and 72 kV

Vacuum circuit breakers With rated current up to 3000 A

Air circuit breakers Rated current up to 10,000 A

SF6 circuit breakers

Oil circuit breakers

3-High-voltage circuit breakers rated Greater than 72 kV

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit-breakers

Carbon dioxide (CO2) circuit breakers

oil circuit breaker

Air-blast circuit breaker

MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)rated current not more than 100 A

MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)rated current up to 2500 A

Residual current circuit breaker

Earth leakage circuit breaker

Air circuit breakers (ACB)
rated current than 800 A to 6300A
Vacuum circuit breakers (rated current up to 3000 A)
Indoor Vacuum circuit breaker

Outdoor AC Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Russian 110 kV oil circuit breaker

Air-blast circuit breaker

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit-breakers
SF6 DEAD tank circuit breakers

SF6 live tank circuit breakers

SF6 Medium-voltage circuit breakers

Carbon dioxide (CO2) circuit breakers

Automatic Transformer
Switch
The three and four pole change-over switches, with Motorized
,operation
Cables
cables are used to carry electric currents
types of Cables
From point of view of voltage
Low voltage cables
Medium Voltage cables

High Voltage cables

From point of view of Insulation
PVC = polyvinyl chloride
EP = Ethylene propylene
XLPE = Cross linked polyethylene
From point of view of Conductor
Aluminum Conductors

Copper Conductors
Low voltage cable
Medium Voltage cables
High Voltage cables
cable lugs
Cable lugs are devices used for connecting cables
to electrical appliances

Hydraulic Wire Crimping Tool

used to connect wires to cable lugs
Cable Glands
Used To secure cable entering a piece of equipment
CHAPTER: 2

Earthing System

INTRODUCTION
earthing system defines the electrical potential
of the conductors relative to that of the Earth's
conductive surface. The earthing system has
implications for the safety and electromagnetic
compatibility of the power supply Most
electrical systems connect one supply conductor
to earth . If a fault within an electrical device
connects a supply conductor to an exposed
conductive surface, anyone touching it while
electrically connected to the earth complete a
circuit back to the earthed supply conductor and
receive an electric shock
Earth rod
Earth coupling
The practice of building into
the ground to take advantage of the vast
thermal mass of the earth, which typically
remains a constant temperature at a
certain depth below grade (depending on
the climate).

Ground Resistance Tester

Earth electrode resistance testing

The test unit has three connections. The first is attached to the electrode under test, the
second to an auxiliary potential electrode or spike, and the third to an auxiliary current
.electrode
Lightning protection
systems
Lightning protection systems are designed to mitigate the effects of
lightning through connection to extensive grounding systems that
provide a large surface area connection to earth. The large area is
required to dissipate the high current of a lightning strike without
damaging the system conductors by
excess heat. Since lightning strikes are
pulses of energy with very high
frequency components, grounding
systems for lighting protection tend to
use short straight runs of conductors
to reduce the self-inductance

The test unit has three connections. The first is attached to the electrode under test, the
second to an auxiliary potential electrode or spike, and the third to an auxiliary current
.electrode
Short Circuit

A short circuit is simply a low resistance connection between the two conductors
supplying electrical power to any circuit. This results in excessive current flow in the
power source through the 'short,' and may even cause the power source to be destroyed.
If a fuse or circuit breaker is in the supply circuit, it will do its job and blow out, opening
.the circuit and stopping the current flow

Types of short-circuits

(a) Three-phase short-circuit with earth/ground connection

(b) double-phase short-circuit

(c) double-phase short-circuit with earth/ground connection

(d) line-to-earth (line-to-ground) short-circuit

(e) Three-phase short-circuit

.
voltage drop calculation
Single-phase voltage drop calculation:

Three-phase voltage drop calculation

L = One-way length of the circuit's feeder

R = Resistance
I = Load current
Transformer

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive

coupling between its winding circuits. A varying current in the primary winding
creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying
magnetic flux through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux induces a
varying electromotive force or voltage in the secondary winding A transformer is
an electrical device that is used to change the voltage in alternating current
electrical circuits

Power rating
50,100,200,300,400,500,630,800,1000,1500,2000kVA
Voltage rating
11kv:0.4
22kv:0.4
Frequency rating
50HZ
60HZ
Types
Oil Transformer
Low cost
Loading 80%
Need periodic maintenance
Location ground floor

Dry Transformer
high cost
loading 100%
no maintenance
location at any floor
AC Power Supply system and Elements of Distribution
System
 Uninterruptible power supply ( UPS )

An uninterruptible power supply, also

uninterruptible power source, UPS or
battery/flywheel backup, is an electrical
apparatus that provides emergency power
to a load when the input power source,
typically mains power, fails. A UPS differs
from an auxiliary or emergency power
system or standby generator in that it will provide near-
instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by
supplying energy stored in batteries or a flywheel. The on-battery
runtime of most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short
(only a few minutes) but sufficient to stastandby power source or
properly shut down the protected equipment
 Electrical Measuring Instrument
Megger Test
The Megger Test is a method of testing making use of an insulation
resistance meter that will help to verify the condition of electrical insulation.

Insulation Tester
Multimeter

Is an instrument used to check for AC or DC

voltages, resistance or continuity of electrical
components and small amounts of current in
circuits
CHAPTER: 3
LUX calculation manual

lumination ( E ) Lm / sq.m OR Lux

Luminous flux( ) Lumen

ARIA 2

=ExA

Maintenance Factor (M)

Utilization factor (U)
E= M U/A Lux
LUX calculation by dialux program
dialux window

SELECT TYPY OF luminaire and input the lux

no of luminaire

Make pdf file

AutoCAD
Start AutoCAD and a new drawing

Design window
 Short cut key

Command Keystroke Icon

Line Line / L
Circle Circle / C
Erase Erase / E
Print Print / CTRL+P
Undo U / CTRL+Z
Rotate Rotate / RO
Fillet Fillet / F
Chamfer Chamfer / CHA
Array Array / AR
Layer Layer / LA
Text Text
Dimension Dim Many

Scale Scale / SC
cut CTRL+x No Icon

copy CTRL+c No Icon

paste CTRL+V No Icon

PROPERTIES PROPERTIES/ No Icon

PR / CTRL+1
PAINTER

Zoom In
PAN
Light

Sockt
Electrical
Symbols
Single line diagram

A single line diagram is meant as a simplified version of an engineering plan. It is used to

show a simple three phase power system
LOAD SCHEDULE

EXAMPLE

# C.B CABLE TYPY OF LOAD(VA) NO OF R Y B

LOAD POINT
1 16 3 3 SOCKET 200 4 800
2 16 3 3 SOCKET 200 5 1000
3 16 3 3 SOCKET 200 3 600
4 16 3 3 POWERSOCKET 400 1 400
5 16 3 3 SOCKET 200 2 400
6 16 3 3 SOCKET 200 2
7 16 3 3 SOCKET 200 2 400
8 16 3 6 A/C 3000 1 3000
9 40 3 6 A/C 3000 1 3000
10 40 3 6 A/C 3000 1 3000
11 16 3 3 LIGHT 18 12 - - -
12 16 3 3 LIGHT 18 12 - - -
13 10 3 3 LIGHT 18 16 288
14 10 3 3 LIGHT 18 16 2888
15 10 3 3 LIGHT 18 16 288
16 10 3 3 LIGHT 18 16 288
17 10 3 3 LIGHT 18 16 288
18 10 3 3 LIGHT 36 3 108
19 10 3 3 LIGHT 18 16 288
20 10 3 3 LIGHT 36 8 288
21 10 3 3 LIGHT 36 6 234
22 10 3 3 LIGHT 36 6 234
23 10 3 3 WATER HETER 3000 1 3000
24 10 - SPEAR - - - - -
25 10 - SPEAR - - - - -
ETAP Program
ETAP is Program solutions from simple
operation of generation, distribution, and
industrial power systems.

ETAPwindow

Voltage drop
And short circuit