Boolean Algebra Problems PDF

CHAPTER 26 BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC CIRCUITS
EXERCISE 107 Page 239
1. Determine the Boolean expression and construct a truth table for the switching circuit shown
below.
For the circuit to function, Z = C AND [(A AND B) OR ( A AND B)]

i.e. (
Z = C. A.B + A.B )
The truth table is shown below:
A B C A.B A A .B A.B + A .B Z = C.( A.B + A .B)

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
below.
For the circuit to function, Z = C AND [(A AND B ) OR ( A )]

i.e. (
Z = C. A.B + A )
A B C A B A.B A.B + A Z = C.( A. B + A )

0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
410 2014, John Bird
below.
For the circuit to function, Z = A AND [(B AND C ) OR ( B AND C ) OR ( A AND B )] AND B
i.e. (
Z = A. B. B.C + B.C + A.B )
A B C A B C B.C B.C A.B ( B.C + B.C + A.B ) (

Z = A. C. B.C + B.C + A.B )
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
below.
For the circuit to function, Z = C AND [(B AND C AND A ) OR (A AND (B OR C )]
i.e. (
Z = C. B.C. A + A.( B + C ) )
A B C A C Z
B.C. A B+ C A.( B + C ) B.C. A + A.( B + C )
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
411 2014, John Bird
5. Construct a switching circuit to meet the requirements of the Boolean expression:
A.C + A. B .C + A.B
The switching circuit for the Boolean expression A.C + A. B .C + A.B is shown below:

A.B.C.(A + B + C)
The switching circuit for the Boolean expression A.B.C.(A + B + C) is shown below:
A.(A. B .C + B.(A + C ))
The switching circuit for the Boolean expression A.(A. B .C + B.(A + C )) is shown below:
412 2014, John Bird

8. Derive the Boolean expression and construct the switching circuit for column 4 in the truth table
shown below.
_ _ _
The Boolean expression for column 4 is: A . B .C + A.B. C
The switching circuit is as shown below:
9. Derive the Boolean expression and construct the switching circuit for column 5 in the truth table
shown in Problem 8.
_ _ _ _ _ _
The Boolean expression for column 5 is: A . B . C + A .B.C + A. B . C
10. Derive the Boolean expression and construct the switching circuit for column 6 in the truth
table shown in Problem 8.
413 2014, John Bird

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The Boolean expression for column 6 is: A . B . C + A .B. C + A. B . C + A. B .C
414 2014, John Bird

1. Simplify: P . Q + P .Q
P . Q + P .Q = P. ( Q + Q ) =
P. (1) from 10, Table 26.7
= P
_ _ _
2. Simplify: P .Q + P.Q + P . Q
P . Q + P .Q + P.Q = P. ( Q + Q ) + P.Q= P. (1) + P.Q from 10, Table 26.7
= P + P.Q
(
3. Simplify: F .G + F .G + G. F + F )
( )
F .G + F .G + G. F + F = F .G + F .G + G (1) = F .G + F .G + G from 10, Table 26.7
( )
= G. F + F + G = G.1 + G = G + G from 10, Table 26.7
=G from 9, Table 26.7
(
4. Simplify: F .G + F . G + G + F .G )
( )
F .G + F . G + G + F .G = F .G + F .1 + F .G= F .G + F + F .G
( )
= F . G + G + F = F .1 + F
=F+F=F from 9 and 10, Table 26.7
5. Simplify: (P + P.Q).(Q + Q.P)
(P + P.Q).(Q + Q.P) = P.Q from 15, Table 26.7
6. Simplify: F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H
415 2014, John Bird

(
F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H = F .H . G + G + F .G.H )
= F .H + F .G.H from 10, Table 26.7
(
= H . F + F .G )
_ _ _
7. Simplify: F. G . H + F.G.H + F .G.H
F. G . H + F.G.H + F .G.H = F .G.H + G.H . ( F + F ) = F .G.H + G.H . (1)

_ _ _
from 10, Table 26.7
= F .G.H + G.H
8. Simplify: P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R
(
P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R = Q.R. P + P + P.Q.R )
= Q.R + P.Q.R from 10, Table 26.7
9. Simplify: F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H
F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H = F .G. H + H + F .G H + H ( ) ( )

= F .G + F .G from 10, Table 26.7,
= G. F + F( )
=G from 10, Table 26.7
_ _ _ _
10. Simplify: F. G .H + F.G.H + F.G. H + F .G. H
F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H = F .H . ( G + G ) + G.H . ( F + F )
= F .H . (1) + G.H . (1)
= F .H + G.H
_ _ _ _ _
11. Simplify: R.(P.Q + P. Q ) + R .( P . Q + P .Q)
416 2014, John Bird

R.(P.Q + P. Q ) + R .( P . Q + P .Q) = P.R. ( Q + Q ) + P.R. ( Q + Q )
_ _ _ _ _
= P.R. (1) + P.R. (1) from 10, Table 26.7
= P.R + P.R
( )
12. Simplify: R. P.Q + P.Q + P.Q + P. Q.R + Q.R ( )
( ) ( )
R. P.Q + P.Q + P.Q + P. Q.R + Q.R = R.P.Q + R.P. Q + Q + P.R. Q + Q ( ) ( )
= R.P.Q + R.P + P.R from 10, Table 26.7
(
= R.P.Q + P. R + R )
= R.P.Q + P from 10, Table 26.7
= P + R.Q from 17, Table 26.7
417 2014, John Bird

1. Simplify: ( A.B ) .( A.B )
( A.B ) .( =
A.B ) ( A.B ) . ( A =
+ B ) ( A.B ) . ( A + B ) by de Morgans law,
= A.B. A + A.B.B = B.(0) + A.B from 14 and 13, Table 26.7
= A.B
2. Simplify: ( A + B.C ) + ( A.B + C )
( )(
( A + B.C ) + ( A.B + C ) = A . B.C + A + B + C ) by de Morgans law
= A.B.C + A + B + C
= C.( A.B + 1) + A + B
= C + A+ B or A+ B +C from 8, Table 26.7
3. Simplify: ( A.B + B.C ). A.B
( )( )(
( A.B + B.C ). A.B = A.B . B.C . A + B ) by de Morgans law
( )(
= A+ B . B +C . A+ B )( )
( )(
= A+ B . B +C . A+ B )( )
(
= A.B + A.C + B.B + B.C . A + B )( )
(
= A.B + A.C + B + B.C . A + B )( ) from 13, Table 26.7
( )(
= A.B + A.C + B . A + B ) from 15, Table 26.7
(
= B . ( A + 1) + A.C . A + B )
418 2014, John Bird

(
= B + A.C . A + B )( ) from 8, Table 26.7
= A. B + B . B + A.C. A + A.B.C
= A. B + 0 + 0 + A.B.C from 14, Table 26.7
= A. B + A.B.C
4. Simplify: ( A. B + B .C ) + ( A. B )
( A. B + B .C ) + ( A. B ) = ( A + B + B + C ) + A + B by de Morgans law
= A+ B + B +C + A+ B
= ( A + A) + ( B + B ) + C + B
= (1) + (1) + C + B from 10, Table 26.7
=1+C+1+ B
=1 from 8, Table 26.7
5. Simplify: ( P.Q + P.R).( P.Q.R)
(
( P.Q + P.R).( P.Q.R) = P + Q + P + R
)( ) . P .(Q + R ) by de Morgans law
( )(
= P + Q + P + R P .Q + P . R )
= (1 + Q + R ) . ( P . Q + P . R )
= P . Q + P . R + Q. P . Q + Q . P . R + R . P . Q + R . P . R
= P .Q + P . R + 0 + Q . P . R + R . P .Q + 0 from 14 and 9, Table 26.7
(
= P . Q + R + Q.R + R . Q )
(
= P. Q + R + R Q + Q ( ))
(
= P. Q + R + R) from 10, Table 26.7
= P .(Q + R ) from 9, Table 26.7
419 2014, John Bird

_
l . Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: X .Y + X.Y
X .Y corresponds to X = 0, Y = 1, i.e. the bottom left hand cell of the Karnaugh map, shown as a 1.
X .Y corresponds to X = 1, Y = 1, i.e. the bottom right hand cell.
The Karnaugh map is shown below.
The only variable common to both 1s is Y

_
Hence, X .Y + X.Y = Y
_ _ _
2. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: X . Y + X .Y + X.Y
The vertical two-cell couple corresponds to: X
The horizontal two-cell couple corresponds to: Y
_ _ _
Hence, X . Y + X .Y + X.Y
simplifies to: X +Y
3. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: ( P.Q).( P.Q)
P . Q corresponds to P = 0, Q = 0, i.e. the top left-hand cell of the Karnaugh map, shown as a 1.
420 2014, John Bird

P . Q corresponds to P = 0, Q = 1, i.e. the bottom left-hand cell, hence P.Q corresponds to each of
the other three cells, shown as 2s.
Only one cell has both a 1 and a 2 in it, i.e. P = 0, Q = 0
Hence, ( P.Q).( P.Q) = P . Q
4. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: A.C + A.( B + C ) + A.B.(C + B)
If a Boolean expression contains brackets it is often easier to remove them, using the laws and rules
of Boolean algebra, before plotting the function on a Karnaugh map.
Thus, A.C + A.( B + C ) + A.B.(C + B) = A.C + A.B + A.C + A.B.C + A.B.B
= A.C + A.B + A.C + A.B.C + A.0

= A.C + A.B + A.C + A.B.C
A.C corresponds to A = 1, C = 0, shown as 1s in the two right-hand cells in the top row
A.B corresponds to A = 0, B = 1, shown as 1s in the two cells in the second column
A.C corresponds to A = 0, C = 1, shown as 1s in the two left-hand cells in the bottom row
A.B.C corresponds to A = 1, B = 1, C = 1, shown as a 1 in the cell in the third column, bottom row
A four-cell couple and two two-cell couples are formed as shown by the broken lines
The only variable common to the four-cell couple is B = 1, i.e. B
The variable common to the two-cell couple on the top right of the map is A = 1 and C = 0, i.e. A.C
The variables common to the two-cell couple on the bottom left of the map is A = 0 and C = 1, i.e.
A.C
Thus, A.C + A.( B + C ) + A.B.(C + B) simplifies to B + A.C + A.C
_ _ _ _ _ _
5. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: P . Q . R + P .Q. R + P.Q. R
421 2014, John Bird

_ _ _
P . Q . R , i.e. P = 0, Q = 0 and R = 0, is shown on the Karnaugh map as a 1 in the top left cell
_ _
P .Q. R , i.e. P = 0, Q = 1 and R = 0, is shown on the Karnaugh map as a 1 in the second left cell on
the top line
_
P.Q. R , i.e. P = 1, Q = 1 and R = 0, is shown on the Karnaugh map as a 1 in the third left cell on the
top line
Two two-cell couples are formed as shown
For the left-hand cell, the variables common are P = 0, R = 0, i.e. P.R
For the right-hand cell, the variables common are Q = 1, R = 0, i.e. Q.R
_ _ _ _ _ _
Hence, P . Q . R + P .Q. R + P.Q. R may be simplified to: P.R + Q.R
P.R + Q.R or R. ( P + Q )
_ _ _ _ _ _
i.e. P . Q . R + P .Q. R + P.Q. R simplifies to:
6. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R
P.Q.R , i.e. P = 0, Q = 0 and R = 0, is shown on the Karnaugh map as a 1

Two two-cell couples are formed as shown

For the cell containing the 2 and the 3, the variables common are P = 1, Q = 1, i.e. P.Q
For the cell containing the 3 and the 4, the variables common are P = 1, R = 1, i.e. P.R
Hence, P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R may be simplified to: P.Q + P.R + P. Q . R
422 2014, John Bird

i.e. P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R simplifies to: P.(Q + R) + P. Q . R
7. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: A.B.C .D + A.B.C .D + A.B.C .D
A.B.C .D , i.e. A = 0, B = 0, C = 0 and D = 0, is shown as a 1 in the top left cell
A.B.C .D , i.e. A = 0, B = 1, C = 0 and D = 0, is shown as a 1 in the top, second left cell
A.B.C .D , i.e. A = 0, B = 1, C = 0 and D = 1, is shown as a 1 in the second line, second left cell
Two two-cell couples are formed as shown.
The variables common to the vertical couple is A = 0, B = 1, C = 0, i.e. A . B . C
The variables common to the horizontal couple is A = 0, C = 0, D = 0, i.e. A . C . D
(
Hence, A.B.C .D + A.B.C .D + A.B.C .D simplifies to: A . B . C + A . C . D or A . C . B + D )
8. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D
A.B.C.D , i.e. A = 0, B = 0, C = 1 and D = 1, is shown as a 1 on the four variable matrix
A.B.C.D , i.e. A = 0, B = 0, C = 1 and D = 0, is shown as a 2

Two two-cell couples are formed as shown.
423 2014, John Bird

The variables common to the vertical couple is A = 0, B = 0, C = 1, i.e. A . B . C
The variables common to the horizontal couple is B = 0, C = 1, D = 0, i.e. B . C . D
(
Hence, A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D simplifies to: A . B . C + B . C . D or B . C . A + D )
9. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify:
A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C .D + A.B.C.D
A.B.C.D , i.e. A = 0, B = 1, C = 0 and D = 1, is shown as a 1 on the four-variable matrix below
A.B.C .D , i.e. A = 1, B = 0, C = 0 and D = 1, is shown as a 4
A two-cell couple is formed as shown and the variables common to it are B = 1, C = 0 and D = 1,
i.e. B.C.D
A four-cell couple is formed as shown and the variables common to it are A = 1, D = 1, i.e. A . D
Hence, A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C .D + A.B.C.D simplifies to:
B.C.D + A . D or D. ( A + B.C )
10. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D
A.B.C.D , i.e. A = 0, B = 0, C = 0 and D = 1, is shown as a 1 on the four variable matrix below
424 2014, John Bird

A four-cell couple is formed as shown and the variables common to it are A = 1, D = 0, i.e. A . D
Hence, A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D simplifies to:
A.D + A . B . C . D
11. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify:
A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D
The Karnaugh map for the given expression is shown below. A four-cell couple and three two-cell
couples are formed as shown.
The variables common to the four-cell couple are A = 0 and C = 1, i.e. A . C
The variables common to the two-cell couple on the far right of the top row are A = 1, C = 0 and
D = 0, i.e. A . C . D
The variables common to the two-cell couple on the far left and far right of the top row are B = 0,
C = 0 and D = 0, i.e. B . C . D
425 2014, John Bird
The variables common to the two-cell couple at the top and bottom of the first column are A = 0,
B = 0 and D = 0, i.e. A . B . D
Hence, A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D
simplifies to: A.C + A.C . D + B .C . D + A. B . D
i.e. (
A.C + A.C . D + B . D . A + C )
426 2014, John Bird

_
1. Devise a logic system to meet the requirements of the Boolean expression: Z = A + B.C
_
The logic system for the Boolean expression Z = A + B.C is as shown below:
_ _
2. Devise a logic system to meet the requirements of the Boolean expression: Z = A. B + B. C
_ _
The logic system for the Boolean expression Z = A. B + B. C is as shown below:
3. Devise a logic system to meet the requirements of the Boolean expression:

_ _ _
Z = A.B. C + A . B .C
_ _ _
The logic system for the Boolean expression Z = A.B. C + A . B .C is as shown below:
4. Devise a logic system to meet the requirements of the Boolean expression:

_ _
Z = ( A + B).( C + D)
_ _
The logic system for the Boolean expression Z = ( A + B).( C + D) is as shown below:
427 2014, John Bird

5. Simplify the expression given in column 4 of the truth table below and devise a logic circuit to
meet the requirements of the simplified expression.
From column 4, Z1 = A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B. C + A . B . C
The vertical two-cell couple corresponds to: A.B

The horizontal four-cell couple corresponds to: C
Hence, Z1 = A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B. C + A . B . C
simplifies to: =
Z1 A.B + C
A logic circuit to meet these requirements is shown below.
428 2014, John Bird

6. Simplify the expression given in column 5 of the truth table in Problem 5 and devise a
logic circuit to meet the requirements of the simplified expression.
From column 5, Z 2 = A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B. C
The vertical two-cell couple corresponds to: A.B
The horizontal two-cell couple corresponds to: B.C
Hence, Z 2 = A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B. C
simplifies to: =
Z 2 A.B + B.C
7. Simplify the expression given in column 6 of the truth table of Problem 5 and devise a
logic circuit to meet the requirements of the simplified expression.
From column 6, Z 3 = A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B. C + A . B . C
The horizontal two-cell couple corresponds to: A.C

The four-cell couple corresponds to: B
429 2014, John Bird

Hence, Z 3 = A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B . C + A . B. C + A . B . C
simplifies to: =
Z 3 A.C + B
_ _ _
8. Simplify the Boolean expression: P . Q + P .Q + P.Q and devise a logic circuit to meet the
requirements of the simplified expression.
_ _ _
Let Z = P . Q + P .Q + P.Q
The vertical two-cell couple corresponds to: P
The horizontal two-cell couple corresponds to: Q
_ _ _
Hence, Z = P . Q + P .Q + P.Q
simplifies to: Z= P + Q
9. Simplify the Boolean expression: P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R and devise a logic circuit to meet the
430 2014, John Bird

The Karnaugh map for the Boolean expression: P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R is shown below.
The two-cell couple on the far right of the map corresponds to: P . R
The other two-cell couple corresponds to: Q . R
Hence, P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R
(
simplifies to: P . R + Q. R or R. P + Q )
_ _ _ _ _ _
10. Simplify the Boolean expression: P. Q .R + P. Q . R + P . Q . R and devise a logic circuit to
meet the requirements of the simplified expression.
_ _ _ _ _ _
The Karnaugh map for the Boolean expression: P. Q .R + P. Q . R + P . Q . R is shown below.
The vertical two-cell couple on the far right corresponds to: P . Q
The horizontal two-cell couple corresponds to: Q . R

_ _ _ _ _ _
Hence, P. Q .R + P. Q . R + P . Q . R
(
simplifies to: P . Q + Q. R or Q. P + R )
431 2014, John Bird

11. Simplify the Boolean expression:
A . B .C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D
and devise a logic circuit to meet the requirements of the simplified expression.
The Karnaugh map for the Boolean expression:

A . B .C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D
is shown below.
The two-cell couple on the bottom row of the map corresponds to: A . C . D
The four-cell couple corresponds to: B . D
Hence, A . B .C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D + A.B.C.D
(
simplifies to: A. C . D + B. D or D. A . C + B )
12. Simplify the Boolean expression: ( P.Q.R ).( P + Q.R ) and devise a logic circuit to meet the
The Karnaugh map for the Boolean expression: ( P.Q.R ).( P + Q.R ) is shown below.
432 2014, John Bird

P . Q . R is shown with a 1
P . Q . R is shown with 2s
P + Q.R is shown with 3s

P + Q.R is shown with 4s
( )( )
Hence, P.Q.R . P + Q.R is represented by the cells containing both 2s and 4s
The two-cell vertical couple of the map corresponds to: P . Q
The two-cell horizontal couple corresponds to: P . R
Hence, ( P.Q.R ).( P + Q + R )

simplifies to: P . Q + P. R or (
P. Q + R )
433 2014, John Bird

1. Use nand-gates only to devise the logic system: Z = A + B.C
The logic system to meet the requirements of Z = A + B.C is shown below:
_ _
2. Use nand-gates only to devise the logic system: Z = A. B + B. C
_ _
The logic system to meet the requirements of Z = A. B + B. C is shown below:
_ _ _
3. Use nand-gates only to devise the logic system: Z = A.B. C + A . B .C
_ _ _
The logic system to meet the requirements of Z = A.B. C + A . B .C is shown below:
_ _
4. Use nor-gates only to devise the logic system: Z = ( A + B).( C + D)
_ _
The logic system to meet the requirements of Z = ( A + B).( C + D) is shown below:
434 2014, John Bird

_ _ _
5. Use nor-gates only to devise the logic system: Z = A. B + B. C + C. D
_ _ _
The logic system to meet the requirements of Z = A. B + B. C + C. D is shown below:
_
6. Use nor-gates only to devise the logic system: Z = P .Q + P.(Q + R)
_
The logic system to meet the requirements of Z = P .Q + P.(Q + R) is shown below:
7. In a chemical process, three of the transducers used are P, Q and R, giving output signals of
either 0 or 1. Devise a logic system to give a 1 output when:
(a) P and Q and R all have 0 outputs, or when
(b) P is 0 and (Q is 1 or R is 0).
The Boolean expression to meet the requirements is:
( )
P .Q . R + P . Q + R = P .Q . R + P .Q + P . R
( )
= P . R . Q + 1 + P .Q
= P . R + P .Q
(
= P. Q + R )
A logic circuit to satisfy this Boolean expression is shown below:
435 2014, John Bird

8. Lift doors should close (Z) if:
(a) the master switch (A) is on and either
(b) a call (B) is received from any other floor, or
(c) the doors (C) have been open for more than 10 seconds, or
(d) the selector push within the lift (D) is pressed for another floor.
Devise a logic circuit to meet these requirements.

Z = A.(B + C + D)
9. A water tank feeds three separate processes. When any two of the processes are in operation at
the same time, a signal is required to start a pump to maintain the head of water in the tank.
Devise a logic circuit using nor-gates only to give the required signal.

Z = A.(B + C) + B.(A + C) + C.(A + B)
= A.B + A.C + A.B + B.C + A.C + B.C
= A.B + A.C + B.C
i.e. Z = A.(B + C) + B.C
436 2014, John Bird

10. A logic signal is required to give an indication when:
(a) the supply to an oven is on, and
(b) the temperature of the oven exceeds 210C, or
(c) the temperature of the oven is less than 190C.
Devise a logic circuit using nand-gates only to meet these requirements.

Z = A.B +A.C
i.e. Z = A.(B + C)
437 2014, John Bird

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CHAPTER 26 BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC CIRCUITS

EXERCISE 107 Page 239

For the circuit to function, Z = C AND [(A AND B) OR ( A AND B)]

A B C A.B A A .B A.B + A .B Z = C.( A.B + A .B)

For the circuit to function, Z = C AND [(A AND B ) OR ( A )]

A B C A B A.B A.B + A Z = C.( A. B + A )

A B C A B C B.C B.C A.B ( B.C + B.C + A.B ) (

For the circuit to function, Z = C AND [(B AND C AND A ) OR (A AND (B OR C )]

6. Construct a switching circuit to meet the requirements of the Boolean expression:

7. Construct a switching circuit to meet the requirements of the Boolean expression:

412 2014, John Bird

The switching circuit is as shown below:

The switching circuit is as shown below:

413 2014, John Bird

The switching circuit is as shown below:

414 2014, John Bird

P . Q + P .Q + P.Q = P. ( Q + Q ) + P.Q= P. (1) + P.Q from 10, Table 26.7

=G from 9, Table 26.7

=F+F=F from 9 and 10, Table 26.7

5. Simplify: (P + P.Q).(Q + Q.P)

(P + P.Q).(Q + Q.P) = P.Q from 15, Table 26.7

6. Simplify: F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H

415 2014, John Bird

F. G . H + F.G.H + F .G.H = F .G.H + G.H . ( F + F ) = F .G.H + G.H . (1)

8. Simplify: P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R

9. Simplify: F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H

F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H = F .G. H + H + F .G H + H ( ) ( )

F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H + F .G.H = F .H . ( G + G ) + G.H . ( F + F )

= F .H . (1) + G.H . (1)

416 2014, John Bird

= P.R. (1) + P.R. (1) from 10, Table 26.7

= P + R.Q from 17, Table 26.7

417 2014, John Bird

1. Simplify: ( A.B ) .( A.B )

= A.B. A + A.B.B = B.(0) + A.B from 14 and 13, Table 26.7

2. Simplify: ( A + B.C ) + ( A.B + C )

= C + A+ B or A+ B +C from 8, Table 26.7

3. Simplify: ( A.B + B.C ). A.B

418 2014, John Bird

= A. B + 0 + 0 + A.B.C from 14, Table 26.7

= (1) + (1) + C + B from 10, Table 26.7

=1 from 8, Table 26.7

5. Simplify: ( P.Q + P.R).( P.Q.R)

= P .Q + P . R + 0 + Q . P . R + R . P .Q + 0 from 14 and 9, Table 26.7

= P .(Q + R ) from 9, Table 26.7

419 2014, John Bird

X .Y corresponds to X = 1, Y = 1, i.e. the bottom right hand cell.

The Karnaugh map is shown below.

The only variable common to both 1s is Y

The Karnaugh map is shown below.

The vertical two-cell couple corresponds to: X

The horizontal two-cell couple corresponds to: Y

3. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: ( P.Q).( P.Q)

420 2014, John Bird

Only one cell has both a 1 and a 2 in it, i.e. P = 0, Q = 0

Hence, ( P.Q).( P.Q) = P . Q

4. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: A.C + A.( B + C ) + A.B.(C + B)

= A.C + A.B + A.C + A.B.C + A.0

Thus, A.C + A.( B + C ) + A.B.(C + B) simplifies to B + A.C + A.C

421 2014, John Bird

Two two-cell couples are formed as shown

6. Use Karnaugh map techniques to simplify: P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R + P.Q.R

P.Q.R , i.e. P = 0, Q = 0 and R = 0, is shown on the Karnaugh map as a 1