It is also known as the characteristic

impedance of the line. The term is used

for the line that is delivering the power to No doubt, the
No doubt, the country is facing energy crisis for the purely resistive load equal to its surge country is
many years together and the people are impedance. = /( )(mega
virtually fed up with persistent electricity load- watts) = KV2/Zo || For high voltage facing energy
shedding in the rural as well as urban areas. But overhead lines, the value of SIL ranges in crisis for many
at the same time it is quite commendable and between 200 to 400 . years together
appreciable indeed that the Federal
Government is determinedly working to
and surge impedance is the apparent the people are
overcome energy crisis at the earliest possible
impedance of an infinitely long line, that virtually fed up
is, the ratio of voltage to current at any
by pursuing mix energy policy and launching of with point along it. A line of finite length persistent
number of hydel, thermal, coal and other
sources for generation of electricity to bridge
terminated at one end by an impedance electricity
the gap in supply and demand.
Zo is electrically indistinguishable from an load-shedding
infinite line. || The line is said to have a
It is good to note that thousands of megawatt
in flat voltage profile. While V and I are in the rural as
of power will be added to the national grid well phase with each other all along the line. as urban areas.
hopefully with timely completion of different But both are rotated in phase. at the same
energy projects by end of 2017 and during 2018
and accordingly load-shedding of electricity will
time it is quite
be reduced considerably. Besides Neelum- commendable and appreciable
Pakistan continues to face an average indeed that the
Jhelum hydropower project and Bhasha Diamir Federal power
Government is determinedly working to
shortage of 4,000 megawatts in the
sector owing to a substantial
Dam project among others which come to the
mind of this scribe immediately, the federal
overcome energy
disconnect crisis
between at the
installed power earliest possible by
capacity and actual generation. || Due to
government has now also initiated work on pursuingenergy
mix energy
shortage, policy
industrialand andlaunching of number
commercial entities have installed back-
Dasu hydropower project which is located on of hydel, up diesel generators, while households other
thermal, coal and sources for
river Indus in district Kohistan of Khyber use battery-powered Uninterrupted
Pukhtoonkhwah (KPK) province.
generationPowerof electricity
Supply (UPS) apparatus,to often
bridge at the gap in supply
significantly higher costs.||Small and
medium-sized industrial and
and demand.
It is goodcommercial
to noteenterprises
that thousands
and householdsof megawatt of power
which cannot afford these high-cost
will be alternatives
added have to frequently
the national been at the grid hopefully with
rough end of the stick.||Despite
timely completion
hydropower beingof the different
cheapest sourceenergy
of projects by end
of 2017 and during 2018 and accordingly electricity load-shedding of electricity
for Pakistan, the prohibitively
high capital costs to supplement the
will be reduced
considerably. Besides Neelum-Jhelum hydropower project and Bhasha Diamir Dam
existing hydro resources has distorted
the hydro-thermal ratio in the power
project among others which come to the mind generation of mix
thisandscribe
resulted immediately,
in a the federal
significant increase in energy
government has now also initiated work on cost.||Pakistan Dasu hydropower has also beenproject
looking which is located on
forward to electricity imports from
river Indus in district Kohistan of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwah (KPK)
central Asia to mitigate pressing power
province.
shortages.

Compensation biasing: If the load reactive power

can vary From leading to lagging, then what is
required is a compensator whose regulated V - Q
characteristic extends into both quadrants. \\The
inductive compensator characteristic can be biased
in this way by means of a fixed shunt capacitor. ||
In the same way, the capacitive compensator can
be biased into the lagging quadrant by a fixed
shunt inductor.
If the shunt capacitor is sufficiently large, then the
inductive compensator can be biased so that its
characteristic is wholly in the leading quadrant.
When combined with a shunt capacitor, the
inductive compensator becomes capable of
keeping both constant voltage and unity average
power-factor of an inductive load.
A reactive compensator with a voltage-
regulating control system cannot maintain
unity power factor all the time, but can be
biased so that unity average powerfactor is
obtained. || The power factor regulation
improves the voltage regulation enormously
as compared with the uncompensated
system. The compensator is usually designed
to meet the reactive power requirement of
the load rather than as an ideal voltage
regulator. || The objective of any
compensation scheme in control planning
algorithm will answer the following three
questions:
What type of control device is needed,
Where to implement the enhancement, and
How much is the control device needed.

CONCLUSION