International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems-2014

Implementation of LUO Converter in Solar Energy

Conversion System
M.Prabhu1, S.Rajendran2
1 2
PG Student Research Scholar
Department of EEE, Kalasalingam University, India
Email-id: 1prab.madurai@gmail.com, 2rsrajendran88@gmail.com

ABSTRACT and it is driven by a pulse width modulated (PWM) switching

This paper proposes the simulation of solar energy
conversion system to increase fears of impacts to high
penetration rates of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Here the
model is developed using basic circuit equations of pv solar
cells which include effects of solar irritation and
temperature changes. The LUO converter is used to
DC/DC power conversion. It includes voltage lift (VL)
technique, which can give the high voltage transfer gain.
The switching sequence of the three phase inverter is done
using SPWM technique.
Keywords: Photovoltaic array, SPWM technique, Three
Phase inverter, Ultra lift LUO converter.
waveform with repeating frequency (f) and conduction duty
cycle (K). The switching repeating period is T=1/f. The switch-
on period is KT and its switch-off period (1-k) T. The input
voltage and current is Vin and Iin meanwhile the output voltage
and current are Vout and Iout. The three phase inverter could be
using various application because to generate the ac power is
not give require voltage from the load so its converting DC
supply. The inverter operation is converting DC-AC supply
and its purpose is give require output voltage it is depending
upon toggle to corresponding switching sequence by using
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation(SPWM) technique in [3].
2. PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM

1 INTRODUCTION
In recent modern trend, the solar panel is using various
application such as industrial, remote area power applications,
water pump, etc.,. The Photovoltaic (PV) is observe the
ultraviolet ray from the sun structure which is converting the
electrical energy and it convert depending upon the voltage or
current such as the solar panel arrangement is series or parallel
combinations in [5], [4]. The more electric power is generated
by the combination of pv cells. The semiconductors are used to
form PV cells to generate power when they absorb light. The
semiconductor absorbs photons from the sun, the free electrons Figure 1. Proposed Block Diagram
are unconventional with higher energy than the remaining
electrons providing bonding in base crystal. The electric fields 2.1 STRUCTURE OF PV ARRAY
created by free electrons are delivered to useful load. Due to
the increasing role of PV systems in electric power The effective use of new photovoltaic solar cells (PVSCs) has
technologies, the PV system technology is also rapidly emerged as an alternative resource of renewable green power,
expanded to produce pollution free and high efficient power such as energy conversion demand in power generation. The
sources with nonlinear I-V characteristics. The control circuits solar array required special design consider in electrical system
are used to track the MPPT of PV system. The main due to unpredictable solar power generation and sudden change
disadvantages of PV system are the fabrication cost and the in weather condition. Environmental condition as irritation
conversion efficiently. The surmounting of these drawbacks of level at the moment solar cell operate as minimum voltage
MPPT in PV system is tracked using Perturb and Observe level in [5], [4].
(P&O) algorithm [5]. The output of PV panel is given to the
ultra-lift luo converter to step up the input voltage before 2.2 MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
giving to the inverter. The positive output self-lift luo converter (MPPT)
(POSLL) technique has been widely applied in electronic
circuit design. In the design of power DC/DC conversion The purpose of MPPT technique is to maximize the power
technology has been developed to achieve high efficiency, high coming out of a PV array. The PV output current (Ipv) and
power density. The output is applied to the high voltage output voltage (Vpv) are passed through a first order low pass
transfer gain and it is reduce the low ripple voltage and current. filter with a magnitude of G=1 and a time constant of T=0.01s
The converters operation is continuous conduction mode in order to filter out the high frequency components or
(CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) [1], [2]. In harmonics.
the simulation experiments, the switch is realized by an IGBT

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 International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems-2014

The filtered current and voltage signals (Ipv and Vpv) are then The converters voltage transfer gain calculation equation is
fed into the MPPT control block that uses the Incremental used to geometrical series.
Conductance Tracking Algorithm. It is an algorithm based on
the fact that the slope of the PV array power curve is zero at the V2 J+2K n
G= = ( ) (7)
V1 1k
Maximum Power Point (MPP), positive on the left of the
MPPT and negative on the right. The MPP can thus be tracked
by comparing the instantaneous conductance (I/V) with the
incremental conductance (I/V) [5]. Where n is the stage number. J is the multiple-enhanced
I I number n=1 and j=0 for the elementary circuit with
= at MPP (1)
V V
V2 2k
G= = (8)
V1 1k
I I
> , left of MPP (2)
V V
The produces even higher voltage transfer gain the simulation
I
<
I
, rightof MPP (3) results have verified our analysis and calculation system is
v V studied using. The switching repeating period is therefore
Based on the previous three cases, the MPPT generates a T=1/f. The switch-on period is KT and switch-off period is (1-
reference voltage (V) MPPT at which the PV array is forced to k) T. Therefore no power losses are considered during power
operate. The algorithm decrements or increments the reference conversion.
voltage (V) to track the maximum power point when operating
under varying atmospheric conditions. This reference voltage
(V) MPPT is used as an input to the DC-DC Converter Control
model.

2.3 DC/DC CONVERTER CONTROL

DC/DC converter is used to step up the output voltage of PV
array. The positive output self-lift luo converter (POSLL)
technic has been widely applied in electronic circuit design
shown in figure (2). In the design of DC/DC converter
technology has been developed to achieve high efficiency, high
power density [2] [3]. It is switched-on for the continuous Figure 2. Positive Self-Lift Luo Converter
conduction mode (CCM) and switched-off for the
2.5 THREE PHASE INVERTER
discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) assume that the input
voltage and current are V1 and I1, the output voltage and In order to be able to tie the PV system with the AC system the
current are V2 and I2 and the conduction duty cycle is K. The DC output power of the DC-DC converter should be converted
duty cycle, defined as the fraction of the period during which into a three phase AC power using a three phase inverter. It is
the switch is on, ranges between 0 and 1. A duty cycle value of to keep the DC voltage across its input inverter (DC-AC) at a
0.5 means that on and off time are equal, a value greater than constant value. The three phase inverter consists of a firing
0.5 means that on time is greater and a value less than 0.5 pulse generator and a three phase inverter bridge. Firing Pulse
means that off time is greater. Generation deal with switching signals of the 6 IGBT switches
of the 3-legged inverter bridge. These are generated using a
2.4 LUO-CONVERTER sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique [4]. It
starts with creating three sinusoidal modulating waves with a
V2 Kh(n)[n+h(n)]
G= = (4) frequency of 50HZ and a phase shift equal to the three phase
V1 1k
output with additional shifting of -120 and 120 degrees. Then,
Where n is the stage number and h (n) is the Hong function
the three sinusoidal modulating waves are compared with a
1 =0 common triangular carrier wave with magnitude ranging
() = { (5)
0 >0
between -1 and 1. The switching angles G1, G3 and G5 a
n=0 for the elementary circuit with the voltage transfer gain
generated by setting the output of the comparator to 1
V2 K whenever the modulating wave is greater than the carrier wave
G= = (6)
V1 1K
and 0 otherwise.

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Since the operation of the two switches in each of the three legs
of the inverter bridge should be complementary to produce the
final sinusoidal wave. So the switching angles G4, G6 and G2
are generated respectively as in the figure (3).
When 0<MI<1, the linear relationship holds: V1=MI Vin,
whereV1, Vin are fundamental of the output voltage and input
voltage, respectively.

Figure 3. Three Phase Inverter

3 SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

TECHNIQUE
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is one
of the simplest carrier-based modulation methods for the
control of Matrix Converters. The SPWM is a familiar shaping
technique in the field of Power Electronics where a high-
frequency triangular carrier signal is compared with a
sinusoidal reference signal. The main advantage of carrier
based SPWM is that the complexity is very low and the
dynamic response is also good. Conceptual representation of
SPWM is shown in figure (4). The number of pulses per cycle
is being decided by ratio of the triangular carrier frequency to
that of modulating sinusoidal frequency. Modulation ratio (M R)
is given by the relation,
Figure 4. Carrier based Modulation technique (SPWM)
4 IMPLEMENTATION SIMULATION
4.1 SIMULATION IMPLEMENTATION OF PV
ARRAY
The PV cell output voltage is a function of the photocurrent
that is mainly determined by load current depending on the
solar irradiation level during the operation. The PV array
consists of 72 PV cells all connected in series to have a desired
voltage output. The solar design is 6*12 matrix form, each one
cells is 0.5V output. Then the total PV array output in 36

Frequency of Carrier waveform Voltage. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and power-
MR =
voltage (P-V) characteristics form in PV array output. PV
Frequency of the modulating waveform (10)
arrays are connected in series combination of PV solar cells.
MR is related to the harmonic frequency and the harmonics Which are usually represented by a simplified circuit model
are normally located at:
such as the one given in figure (5).
f=k MR (fm) (11)
Where fm is the frequency of the modulating signal and k is
an integer (1, 2, 3)
Modulation index (MI) is given by the ratio of Amplitude
of modulating reference waveform to that of the Amplitude of
carrier waveform and is denoted by,
MI= Ar / Ac (12)
Where Ar is the reference amplitude and Ac the carrier
amplitude
MI is related to the fundamental (sine wave) output voltage
magnitude. If MI is high, then the sine wave output is high and .
vice versa.
Figure 5. Simulation Diagram for PV Array

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 International Conference on Innovations in Information Embedded and Communication Systems-2014

4.2 ULTRA LIFT LUO CONVERTER switch-on period, C is discharged by the current iLO. C is
charged by the current iL1. To keep the charge balance of the
output capacitor CO in DCM, the average current of inductor
The positive output self-lift luo converter (POSLL) to use of LO also should be equal to the output current. The capacitor C1
high output transfer gain in system. This system design of is discharged with the current (iLO + iL1).
simulation circuit to high output voltage. It is one of DC/DC
4.3 THREE PHASE INVERTER
converter. The POSLL converter one switch in IGBT, two
inductance L1,L2 and three capacitance C1,C2,C3, two diode
D1,D2 connected. The components to calculate value to use of
formula and fixed components rating. The IGBT switch to
create gate pulse in compare constant wave and triangular
wave to use of create SPWM. In this SPWM to switch on and
off function to use. If the constant wave are more than
triangular value to get in SPWM output include IGBT switch.
The higher output gain to give three phase inverter. It is
simplified to connect of POSLL converter in simulation design
in figure (6).

Figure 7. Simulation Diagram for Three Phase Inverter

Figure.7 is shown in three phase inverter which is having six

switches (S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6) and six diode
(D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6) connected in parallel. Mode-1
operation trigger switch is S1, S5 and S6 phase angle is (0<
</3) The inverter side R-L load to connected. This load
range in R=100, L=50mh. The output line side calculate
voltage, current and phase side calculate voltage, current in star
connected load in waveform. This three phase inverter to use
six IGBT switch to create the gate pulse in SPWM. The
SPWM to six switch on and off time period in control of
technology. The three phase inverter can be operate into six
modes termed mode1,mode2,mode3,mode4,mode5,mode6.
Figure 6. Simulation Diagram for Positive Output Self- The POSLL converter to create high power dc source three
Lift Luo Converter phase inverter use ac power convert to produce RL load. The
fixed load value of R=100, L=50mh.In the output wave of
line, phase create voltage and current to use of scope devices in
4.2.1 CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE
three phase inverter. The produces in three phase inverter
(CCM) simulation design in figure (7).
In the continuous conduction mode When the switch is turn
TABLE 1 MODES OF OPERATION
ON period the capacitor C is discharge at the time inductor L0
is charging, meanwhile the switch is turn OFF period the
Phase angle
capacitor C is charged at the time inductor L1 is charge and to
Mode () S1 S3 S5 S2 S6 S4
evaluate the average current IL0 is equal to the output current I0 Mode 0< </3 on - on on -
[2] [3]. The capacitor C0 across the voltage is equal to the 1
output voltage Vo. when the switch-on period the voltage Mode /3<<2/3 on - - on on -
across inductor L1 is Vin and switch S is off period voltage 2
across the inductor L1 is (vC1 - vC). Mode 2/3<< on on - on - -
3
Mode <<4/3 - on - on - on
4.2.1 DISCONTINUOUS CONDUCTION MODE 4
(DCM) Mode 4/3<<5/ - on on - - on
5 3
In the discontinues conduction mode, when the switch is turn Mode 5/3<< 2 - - on - on on
OFF the current flow through diode D2 reach zero at time t1 6
before next switch S is turn ON. The variations of currents iL1
and iLO are equal to each other in DCM, that is during the

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5 SIMULATION RESULTS AND OUTPUTS

5.1 ULTRA LIFT LUO CONVERTER OUTPUT
To verify the advantages and design of the Ultra-lift Luo-
Converter and compare with the simulation results, we
constructed a test rig with the components: V1 = 10 V, L1
=0.08mH, L2 = 0.4mH, C1=20F, C2 = 20F, C3=120F, f =
50 kHz and conduction duty cycle k = 0.2and 0.22. The output
voltage V2 = 100 V and 110V correspondingly. The simulation
results are shown in Figures (8) respectively.

Figure 10. Simulation Output for Line-Line Voltage

Figure 8. Simulation Output for ultra-lift luo converter

5.2 THREE PHASE STAR CONNECTED (RL)

Figure 11. Simulation Output for Inverter Load Current
LOAD

The performance of the proposed method, the wave form of
inverter phase-neutral voltage (Van,Vbn,Vcn) Line-line
voltage(Vab,Vbc,Vca)and phase (or) line current(Ian,Ibn,Icn) in below
the simulation output waveform to produced. The results are
plotted in Figure (9,10 and 11).
C) FFT ANALAYSIS FOR THREE PHASE
INVERTER
To evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The FFT
analysis of inverter phase-neutral voltage (Van,Vbn,Vcn) Line-
line voltage(Vab,Vbc,Vca)and phase (or)line current(Ian,Ibn,Icn) in
below the FFT output to produced. The FFT analysis of inverter
plotted in figure (12, 13 and 14).

Figure 9. Simulation Output for Phase-Neutral Voltage

Figure 12. Harmonic Spectrum for Phase-Neutral Voltage

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[5] Mekhilef.M.E, Ahmed, and M.A.A younis Performance

of Grid connected photovoltaic inverter with maximum
power point tracker and power factor control.

[6] M. Park and I. K. Yu, A novel real-time simulation

technique of photovoltaic generation system using
RTDS, IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 1, no. 1,
pp.164-169, Mar. 2004.

Figure 13. Harmonic Spectrum of Line-Line Voltage

Figure 14. Harmonic Spectrum of Inverter Load Current

6 CONCLUSION
The implementation of LUO Converter in solar energy
conversion system is done and the system voltage is tracked
by MPPT technique. Ultra-lift luo converter is implemented
for voltage boost up with high transfer gain to get output in
system. The three phase inverter is used to get the FFT
analysis in the system. The results shows the harmonics are
minimized.

REFERENCE
[1] F.L. Luo and H. Ye Ultra-lift Luo-converter IEEE
Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 152, No. 1, January
2005.

[2] Fang Lin Luo and Hong Ye, Ultra-Lift Luo-Converter

International Conference on Power System Technology -
POWERCON 2004 Singapore, 21-24 November 2004.

[3] Pradasani Hitendra K., Arora Kapildev N., Simulation

of three level inverter using sinusoidal pulse width
modulation technique by MATLAB National
conference on-Recent In engineering and technology.

[4] G. Uma Devi, P.Manikandan, A.Thimo, S.prabakaran,

Implementation of multilevel inverter using Sinusoidal
Pulse Width Modulation technique, International
Journal of science, Engineering and Technology
Research (IJSETR), Volume 2, Issue 7, July 2013.