ANNASAHEB DANGE COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, ASHTA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MINI PROJECT SYNOPSIS

Name of students with roll number: -

479 Mali Omkar Gajanan Mali

478 Jadhav Ranjeet Dattatray
480 Bhagat Dipak Baba
481 Bramhane Ganesh Somnath
484 Kamble Vaibhav Vilas

Name of guide : - Mr. S.S Chavan.

Title of project work : - Design & Development of Compound Epicyclic

Gear Train Set Up.

Lab : - Theory of Machine

1. INTRODUCTION:
Transmission refers to the transfer of engine torque to another system whenever required.
A reduction unit used for this purpose is the gear box Gear box is a device placed in between
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the clutch and the rest of the transmission. It is devices that changes the speed and torque and
transmit power from the engine to the driving wheel. Gear boxes are generally classified as
a) Selective type
b) Progressive type
c) Epicyclical or Planetary type.
From this above classification, we have projected on Epicyclic or Planetary Gear box. This is
also known as Planetary Gear Train. One shaft is called sun gear shaft and the other shaft is
called planet carrier shaft. The arrangement of the gears and the relative movements are shown
in the fig.

Epicyclic gear train Ref. www.learnengineering.org

The central gear is known as sun gear which is in constant mesh with two or three gears
called planet gears. The sun gear will rotate only on its own axis. But the planet gears, apart from
rotating about their own axes, also revolve around the sun gear. The planet gear is also in
constant mesh with the internal tooth of the ring gear provided. The ring gear is sometimes called
as annulus.

2. THEORY:
An epicyclic gear train consists of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear
revolves around the center of the other. An arm connects the centers of the two gears and rotates
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to carry one gear, called the planet gear, around the other, called the sun gear. The planet and sun
gears mesh so that their pitch circles roll without slip. A point on the pitch circle of the planet
gear traces an epicycloid curve. In this simplified case, the sun gear is fixed and the planetary
gears roll around the sun gear.
An epicyclic gear train can be assembled so the planet gear rolls on the inside of the
pitch circle of a fixed, outer gear ring, or ring gear, sometimes called an annular gear. In this
case, the curve traced by a point on the pitch circle of the planet is a hypocycloid.
Compound planetary gear is a general concept and it refers to any planetary gears
involving one or more of the following three types of structures: meshed-planet i.e. there are at
least two or more planets in mesh with each other in each planet train), stepped-planet (there
exists a shaft connection between two planets in each planet train), and multi-stage structures
i.e. the system contains two or more planet sets.
Some designs use stepped-planet which have two differently-sized gears on either end of a
common casting. The large end engages the sun, while the small end engages the ring gear. This
may be necessary to achieve smaller step changes in gear ratio when the overall package size is
limited. The assembly conditions of compound planetary gears are more restrictive than simple
planetary gears, and they must be assembled in the correct initial orientation relative to each
other, or their teeth will not simultaneously engage the sun and ring gear at opposite ends of the
planet, leading to very rough running and short life.
Compound planetary gears can easily achieve larger transmission ratio with equal or
smaller volume. For example, compound planets with teeth in a 2:1 ratio with a 50T ring gear
would give the same effect as a 100T ring gear, but with half the actual diameter.
More planet and sun gear units can be placed in series in the same ring gear housing
where the output shaft of the first stage becomes the input shaft of the next stage providing a
larger or smaller gear ratio. This is the way some automatic transmissions work.

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Application of epicyclic gear train in Automatic gear shift Ref. www.learnengineering.org

Different velocities achieved by fixing ring gear or sun gear

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3. Literature Review: -

Robert Williss 1857 was widely regarded as the first publication dedicated solely to the

field now called kinematics. In his work, Willis discussed for the first time in published literature

the analytical modelling of an epicyclic gear train. As this work was a study purely in

mechanism, Willis presented only a solution for the rotational speeds in the gear train. After

developed this solution, the author spends the remainder of the work dedicated to epicyclic gear

trains in discussing applications of the mechanism. While this discussion is well conceived, it

covers four remarkably obscure applications of the epicyclic gear train, owing to the age of the

work. As stated previously, this work studied only the pure kinematics of the gear train, without

any discussion of the torques present in the mechanism.

Deane Lent, professor of Mechanical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of

Technology, published his work, Analysis and Design of Mechanisms, in 1961. In this work Lent

again presents in detail the methodology of Willis for finding the rotational speeds of each

branch of the epicyclic gear train, along with specific methods for the design of three and four

gear trains. While these techniques are well written and simple to follow, there is again no

discussion of torques present in the system. Also included in this publication are several

applications of the planetary gear train, all significantly more relevant than those discussed by

Willis.

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 Joseph Shigley and John Uicker published their kinematics text, Theory of Machines and

Mechanisms, in 1980. Within this work are not only a treatment of Williss methodology, but

also a more complete definition of the epicyclic gear train. Not only do they dedicate a

significant amount of discussion to this definition, but they also reproduce Lvais figure

demonstrating the twelve possible variations of the planetary gear train. Most importantly,

however, they present a solution technique for the torques present in the gear train.

Unfortunately, they do not approach the static force analysis for the general case; rather they

present the solution in terms of free body diagrams for a specific arrangement of the planetary.

While this method is relatively simple, it limits the designer to a single arrangement early in the

design process.

John Molnar published his Nomographs in 1981. This work presents an excellent

introduction to nomographs, as well as discussing at length their use and construction. This work

was instrumental in the construction of the nomographs presented herein. While the bulk of this

publication is dedicated to the reproduction of nomographs covering the broad general category

of problems dealing with air, water, and related mechanical devices, the introduction provided

more than enough information for a novice to completely understand the construction and use of

nomographs for the solution of nearly any proble

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4. Proposed Layout:
The proposed layout of a compound epicyclic gear train is shown in Fig. The list of
components is as follows
1. Sun gear
2. Planet gear
3. Ring / Annulus gear
4. Carrier
5. Shafts
6. Motor
7. Levers

Objectives of the proposed work

The objectives of the proposed work are
To study the fundamentals of compound epicyclic gear train.
To design various components of the compound epicyclic gear train.
To find out the stopping distance for different speed and different frictional
material.
To find out coefficient of friction of a given friction material

Proposed Layout
5. Methodology
The proposed work will be carried out in following phases:
Phase I: Literature review

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 Extensive literature survey will be carried out in order to study mechanism of
compound epicyclic gear train and its detailed design process. To study existing testing
mechanism of compound epicyclic gear train.
Phase II: Design
Various components of the compound epicyclic gear train will be designed.
Design data books, research papers and handbooks will be used designing the system. The
CAD model of the whole system will be prepared using suitable CAD package.
Phase III: Preparation of manufacturing drawing
Assembly and detailed drawing will be prepared for manufacturing of the
components of the compound epicyclic gear train
Phase IV: Manufacturing and performance testing:
The proposed mechanism will be manufactured and assembled. The compound
epicyclic gear train will be tested by either fixing sun gear or ring gear

6. Expected Outcomes:
After successful completion of the project, the Expected Outcomes will be
Demonstrating the construction and working of compound epicyclic gear train.
Used for various output speed by fixing either sun gear or ring gear

7. Plan of Proposed Work:

Sr. Activity/
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April
No. Month

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1 Literature review

Design of components of
2 Compound epicyclic gear
train

3 Preparation of CAD model

4 Manufacturing

5 Assembly

6 Report writing

7 Submission and oral

8. Detail Budget Estimation:

Sr.
Part Description Approx. Cost (Rs)
No
1 Raw Material Cost 10000
2 Manufacturing Cost 5000
3 Travelling and other cost 5000
Total (Rs) 20000

9. References:
Books:
1. A Textbook of Theory of Machine By R. S. Khurmi & J. K. Gupta.
Publisher: S. Chand. 2005 Edition.

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 Page Nos.436, 442

2. A Textbook of Machine Design By V. B. Bhandari

Publisher: Tata McGraw Hills. 3rd Edition 2010.
Page Nos. 656

Papers:
1. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SUN AND PLANITORY GEAR FOR
EPICYCLIC GEAR BOX BY USING ADHESIVE MANUFACTURING
Mr. V. Shyamu, Mr. P Srinivas, Mr. Ch.Jeevan, Dr. Alapati Venkateswarlu.

Date:
Place: ADCET, Ashta

Guide Head,
Mr. S. S. Chavan. Mech. Engg. Dept.

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