A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE

(Grade 8-Secondary)

By: Kathy Claire P. Ballega, RM, RN, MAN, LPT

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
a. state how the different organs of digestive system works;
b. participate actively in tracing how these organs of the digestive digest foods; and
c. expound precautionary measures to maintain a healthy body.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: The Digestive System
Reference: Science Learners Module
Pages: 291-306
Instructional Materials: short video clip of digestive system, DLP, net book, chalkboard,
drawings/images and flash card
Value Integration: Valuing health, Appreciation of Gods given amazing body with
astounding functions

III. Learning Tasks

Teachers Activity Students Activity
A. Preliminary Activities
Good morning class! Good morning Maam!

Let us all stand up first and pray. Joy, can Joy: Let us put ourselves in the presence of
you please lead the prayer? the Lord. In the name of the Father and of
the Son and of the Holy Spirit, Amen. Praise
be the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Others: Now and forever, Amen.

All: In the name of the Father and of the

Son and of the Holy Spirit, Amen.

Before you take your seat, please pick up (Students pick up some dirts and arrange
some dirts around or under your chair. Also, their chairs.)
please arrange your chairs.

Please take your seat now.

May I check the attendance? Please say (Student raises their hand and say present as
present if you are here. the teacher calls their name.)

Does everyone bring with them the things I Yes Maam.

told you to bring?

Okay, very good.

Before we proceed with our lesson, lets Maam the system of the Human Body that
have a review/ recap of our past lesson in we discussed the other day is all about the
Biology. Respiratory System.

Okay, thats good, what can you say about Maam, our respiratory system helps our
the Respiratory System? body take oxygen from the air.
Very good, any other? Maam, the respiratory system is made up
of your nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, and
diaphragm.

Okay, some more? The respiratory helps regulate the acid-base

balance in tissues.

Alright, very well said class. The

Respiratory System is composed of the
following parts: nose, mouth, trachea, lungs
and diaphragm.

It has lots of functions:

a) the intake of oxygen and removal of
carbon dioxide are the primary
functions of the respiratory system, it
plays other important roles in the
body.
b) The respiratory system helps regulate
the balance of acid and base in
tissues, a process crucial for the
normal functioning of cells.
c) It protects the body against disease-
causing organisms and toxic
substances inhaled with air.
d) The respiratory system also houses
the cells that detect smell, and assists
in the production of sounds for
speech.

Okay, is everything clear, class? Yes, Maam.

Now, are you ready for our next lesson? Yes, Maam.

B. Motivation

Class have you experienced attending Yes, Maam.

occasions, such as birthday party, wedding,
fiesta, and etc?

What have you observed? (Varied answers from the students)

As you enjoy eating different delicious (Varied answers from the students)
foods, do you ask yourself how these foods
be digested and absorbed by the body?

C. Analysis

Now class, the topic that we are going to

tackle today is all about the digestive system.

As we continue the discussion, I have here a

short video clip regarding the digestive
system.

View and take down important facts and

information for I will ask questions later. Yes, Maam.
Class, how can you define what is
digestion?
Alright, where does it take place?
Very good, what parts composed the
digestive process? Who can enumerate?
Okay, thank you. Based from the video clip
how does digestion begins?
Very good! That is the first stage which
undergone the process of ingestion.
What do you think is the importance of
saliva?
What is the next organ that the food pass
through?
Exactly! Youre correct! Then how does
esophagus work?
Excellent answer! After esophagus is now
the whats the next?
Youre right! Whats the role of the stomach
in the system?
Very good! Digestion is the second
stage/process involved in food processing.
What is the next organ?
Thats correct, how does small intestine
work?
Very good answer! Absorption is the third
Digestion is the process in which complex
food material is broken down into simpler
substances.
The digestion of foods in human takes
place in the alimentary canal, which is a long
tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
Maam, it starts with the mouth, the
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum and ends in anus, liver,
pancreas.
It starts from the mouth Maam, where you
take the food in. Chewing and grinding
foods while in the mouth with the saliva to
become so little is called mechanical
digestion. While, chemical digestion is when
enzymes breaks the food from
polysaccharides(starch) to disaccharides
(maltose) to monosaccharides (glucose).
The saliva is a digestive juice secreted by the
salivary glands.
Maam, the esophagus.
Maam, the esophagus works as a passage
way of food in order to reach the stomach by
the process of peristalsis.
Stomach Maam!
The food is churned in the stomach where it
mixes with juices and acids and where
digestion takes place.
The stomach also secretes mucous, digestive
juices and hydrochloric acid. The HCl Acid
kills the bacteria in the food and makes the
food acidic.
The food then goes to a highly coiled tube
called small intestine.
Maam, it is where the absorption of
nutrients will take place to be used by the
cell.
The small intestine receives secretions from
stage/process kin the digestion of foods.
How does this happen?
There are also attached some accessory
organs that help to maximize digestions of
foods. What are they?
Ok! In what ways these organs help in the
digestion?
Very good!
Let us continue how absorption works. Who
can add up to the process of absorption?
How about the undigested food?
Alright! What is the next organ involved in
the digestive system after small intestines?
What is the role of this organ in the
digestion?
Very good!
After that, whats next?
Excellent! That is now the last stage in the
digestion, the process involved is
elimination.
Do you now understand how digestion take
place and how the different organs of the
digestive system work together to digest
foods and use by the body.
Any questions? Additional or supplement?
D. Abstraction
That you have learned and understood how
the liver and pancreas. The liver secretes the
bile juice while the pancreas secretes
pancreatic juice. The walls of the small
intestine also secrete juices which help in the
absorption of food.
Maam, these are the liver, gall bladder and
pancreas.
Liver helps in the production of bile which
help in the excretion of excess cholesterol.
Gall bladder stores bile until it is needed in
the small intestines.
Pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, for
the digestion of starch, fats and proteins.
The inner surface of the small intestine has
finger like projections called the intestinal
villi. It has extensive network of blood
vessels.
The digested food is then passed into the
blood vessels.
The undigested food is passed into the large
intestine.
Large intestine Maam!
It is wider than the small intestine. The large
intestine is used to absorbed water from the
waste material leftover.
All leftover and undigested waste material
compacted and stored at the end of the large
intestine called the rectum before they are
excreted out of the body through the anus.
Yes Maam!
None Maam!
(Students raised varied answers.)
 the digestive system works, how and what
practice you will do in order to maintain
healthy body?

E. Application

We will have an activity. You will group (Students responded with the instructions.)
yourselves by picking a piece of paper in the
box. Then find your group according to the
color you have picked.

Ill give you 5 minutes to do and 5 minutes Yes, Maam!

to present/discuss your output in front.

Generalization
Then, may I ask the class if how much you
have understood the topic.

What are the different organs of the digestive (Students responded with varied answers.)
system? How these organs work in the
digestion of foods?

Okay! Very good class!

Digestion starts when food is taken into the

mouth.

What do you call the stage/process where in

is the taking in of food through the mouth?
Ingestion
The second stage/process which involved in
the breaking down of foods into nutrients.
Digestion
The next stage/process in the digestive
process which involved in the taking in of
nutrients by the cell.
Absorption
And the last process that is removing of any
leftover wastes/materials from the body.
Elimination
Okay class! Excellent. To further assess your Okay, Maam.
knowledge about our topic, kindly get
crosswise and answer this activity.

IV. Evaluation

Direction: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

stomach chewed food Energy

rectum liver mouth small intestine
waste Sali va large intestine digestion
system swallow tongue pharynx
acid absorbed liquids esophagus

All animals need to eat _______________ to get _______________ to live. But in order to
use this food, they have to break it down in a process called _______________. And so, all animals
have a group of connected organs called the digestive _______________.
 In humans, the process of digestion begins in the _______________ where food is
_______________ into small pieces by the teeth. The _______________ helps by moving these
pieces around. There pieces are covered by _______________, or spit. The saliva makes the food
slippery so that it is easier to _______________. It also helps to break down the food.

Once the food is swallowed, it passes through the _______________, which is like a gate
that sends food into the _______________ and air into the lungs. The food travels down the
esophagus and into the _______________. Once in the stomach the food is mixed with
_______________ and crushed some more.

After spending some time in the stomach, the food is sent into the _______________ where
nutrients are _______________. The _______________ helps by producing some digestive juices
called bile. Next, the remaining food goes into the _______________ where the _______________
are absorbed. The remaining food is called _______________ and it is pushed into the
_______________ where it waits before leaving the body.

V. Agreement

Read the next lesson the Reproductive System.

a. What are the different parts and functions of male reproductive system and female reproductive
system.
b. Compare the male reproductive system from the female reproductive system.
 ACTIVITY:

YELLOW GROUP
Task:
Think of ways or activity in daily life in order to become healthy.

GREEN GROUP
Task:
List down some reasons why there are some individual who keeps on eating with high cholesterol
food contents beside, of its bad effect to our health.

WHITE GROUP
Task:
Things you can do to disseminate in order to lessen bad effects of smoking, drinking liquor and
illegal drugs in our health.

RUBRICS FOR THE ACTIVITY

ERIA EXCELLENT (3) ADEQUATE (2) LIMIT

CTNESS The group got all correct answers. The group got few correct answers. The group got no

The group presented their work clear The group presented their work less The group presen
TATION and concise. clear and concise. clear and

The group finished the activity before The group finished the activity before
LINESS the allotted time. the on time.
The group finishe

All members of the group actively Few members of the group actively No members of th
WORK participated in the activity. participated in the activity. participated in