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Pathophysiology
Tuberculosis is a highly infectious, airborne disease.
Classification
Data from the history, physical examination, TB test, chest xray, and microbiologic
studies are used to classify TB into one of five classes.
Causes
Causes of acquiring tuberculosis include the following:
Close contact. Having close contact with someone who has an active TB.
Low immunity. Immunocompromised status like those with HIV, cancer,
or transplanted organs increases the risk of acquiring tuberculosis.
Substance abuse. People who are IV/injection drug users and alcoholics
have a greater chance of acquiring tuberculosis.
Inadequate health care. Any person without adequate health care like
the homeless, impoverished, and the minorities often develop active TB.
Immigration. Immigration from countries with a high prevalence of TB
could affect the patient.
Overcrowding. Living in an overcrowded, substandard housing increases
the spreading of the infection.
Clinical Manifestations
After an incubation period of 4 to 8 weeks, TB is usually asymptomatic in primary
infection.
Prevention
To prevent transmission of tuberculosis, the following should be implemented.
Medical Management
Pulmonary tuberculosis is treated primarily with antituberculosis agents for 6 to 12
months.
Pharmacologic Therapy
The first line antituberculosis medications include:
Nursing Management
Nursing management includes the following:
Nursing Assessment
The nurse may assess the following:
Nursing Interventions
Nursing interventions for the patient include:
Evaluation
Expected patient outcomes include:
Documentation Guidelines
The focus of documentation should include: