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Os coxae: In bovine
S1 projects into the pelvis cavity and can be
felt during rectal exams.
In bovine, shafts of the ilium are parallel.
(a).Pelvis
Ox: slope of the pelvis (a line joining the
summit of the tuber coxae to that of the
tuber ischiadicum)is about 45.
- Iliac shafts are parallel.
- The lunate face(or acetabulum) is
devided into two parts: major and
minos. This is indicative of a bovine +ischiatic tuberosity 3parts.
- The tuber ischiadicum is trifid.
- The pelvic floor is concave (dished or holloed out).
- The linear measurements: tuber coxae acetabulum tuber ischiadicum are nearly equal.
- Entire pelvis is dished shaped. Virtually straight in the mare. U vs. ---
Sexual differences (More pronounced and better expressed in sexually mature animals):
>Which shape is best for the pelvic inclination in cows? More straight down = better. Usually if it is not
completely straight, very sigmoid curves complicate things.
The mares pelvic inclination is nearly straight down.
Bovine (cow):
- The pecten of the pubis is at the level of the junction between S2 and
S3. Therefore, the pelvic incliniation is close to 45 quite high. The
pelvic inlet (cranial pelvic aperture) is, therefore cranioventral in
orientation (c.f. horse).
o Predisposes shoulders and head of the fetus to get stuck here.
- The cranial pelvic aperture is oval and narrow (c.f.horse)
- The roof of the pelvic cavity (sacrum + first few Cd vertebrae) is
concave.
- The pelvic outlet is small (concave sacrum and tail head; high, large
ischiadic tuberosities).
- The lateral pelvic walls: formed by iliac shafts + sacrotuberal ligaments.
- The pelvic cavity floor is transversely concave or dished;
- The table of the ischium slopes, sharply, caudodorsally.
THE PERINEUM
This is the caudal wall closing off the pelvic outlet (caudal pelvic aperture).
A line joining the tubera ischiadica separates the anal region or triangle from the urogenital region or
triangle.
Wha are the borders of the Perineum?
Borders:
o Caudal vertebrae,
o Caudal borders of the sacrotuberal ligaments,
o Ischiadic tubers and ischiadic arch.
Urogenital triangle:
-Closed off by the perineal membrane (deep perineal fascia in cow, running between the ischial arch and the
ventro-lateral wall of the vestibule) and
-Urogenital muscles:
Constrictor vestibule (1)
Constrictor vulvae (2) and
Retractor clitoridis (3).
> The perenium is the wall of soft tissue that closes off the pelvic canal or cavity. Aka caudal pelvic aperture.
> Borders: Ventral border of vulva, ischiation tuberosities and tail head. Proximal part is known as the anal
region of triangle.
THE PERINEAL BODY: This is the fibromuscular mass that lies between the anus and the urogenital tract.
-Ischiocavernosus m.:
--Stout muscle investing the root of the penis. Indents medial aspect of the thigh musclesused to determine
sex of dressed carcass.
b. Testis:
Bovine: vertically enlongated and oval- or bottle-shaped.
Capital en is proximal and caudate en is distal.
The epididymis lies medial to the testis.
Thus the head (caput) is proximal and the tail (cauda) is distal.
Yellow parenchyma.
Porcine:
Scrotum and testis: almost subanal (right below the anus), closely attached to caudal part of thigh.
Testes: are pointed at both poles
>Both ends of the testes are pointed in pig. Epididimus on dorsal aspect of testes and the tail is
proximal to the head (which is distal).Easily palpated.-MCQ.
c. Epididymis:
Ox: medial aspect of the testis.
Caput epididymidis covers the dorsal 1/3 of the proximal end of the testis.
The Cauda epididymis is large.
MALE GENITALIA
IMAGESII
d. Ductus deferens:
Gangrenous because very large and someitems bulls are careless and their prepuce get lacerated very . very
sensitive prepuce
--
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.
Dont worry much about bursa, dog has the best.
b. Uterus
oviduct merges softly to uterine horn in ruminant and sow smmoth transition ,
which animal has an abruot transition of oviduct into uterine horn? DOG
MCQ:what are obstacle for cauterization? The ohinixis not, but sacular fold yes ! when they are not relaxed..
Lec