IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES, VOLUME 4, ISSUE 4, SEPT /2017

ISSN (ONLINE): 2394-8442

Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System with Water

Lithium Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working
Fluids with help of Simulink
Smriti Priya1, Sanjay Dwivedi 2

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sagar Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal, RGPV, India
smritpriyam.e@gmail.com

ABSTRACT.

The following paper presented gives full concept of energy analysis of the vapour absorption
refrigeration system using Water Lithium Bromide And Water Lithium Iodide with the help of MATLAB
environment basically with Simulink. First and Second Law of Thermodynamic has been used for the equations
which are basic Principal of Refrigeration. The paper contains how the coding and blocks are has been made and it
provides the result in form of COP by giving only input Temperature of some major component of the Vapour
Refrigeration System. This analysis made is so simple that the person having no knowledge also calculate the
Performance.

KEYWORD: SIMULINK, COOLING RATIO, COEFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE, THERMODYNAMIC LAWS.

I. INTRODUCTION

Refrigeration is the elimination of heat from a substance or space i.e. its temperature is lower than that of its ambient. When it absorbs
the undesirable heat, this heat increases the temperature of the refrigerant (saturation temperature) so that it changes its phase from
liquid to gas, it evaporates. Principle of condensation is used to release the heat and send refrigerant back into liquid state. This is
known by latent heat. At which temperature liquid, vapor or solid changes its phase is called Saturation temperature and this is due
to heat is addition or removal from the system. In recent years, numerically and experimentally research has been increased on the
vapour absorption refrigeration system (VARS) system due to attach cheap renewable energy sources (such as waste heat coming from
power plants, solar energy from sun, geothermal energy from man, biomass energy from plants) compare with VAR structure. In
addition, VARS does not affect ecological system, like depletion of ozone layer and global warming, and hence they are environment-
friendly. In order to shield the ozone layer, CFC-free non-conventional compression systems are currently being developed, mainly
with HFCs. Nonetheless, these new refrigerant are also producing some greenhouse effect and can be banned in the next years. As
already recognized, waterlithium bromide operated vapour absorption refrigeration system coupled with are used broadly in air-
conditioning and other high-temperature absorption transformers.

To Cite This Article: Smriti Priya and Sanjay Dwivedi ,. Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption
Refrigeration System with Water Lithium Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working Fluids with help of
Simulink. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 4, Sept-2017;
Pages: 82-89
83. Smriti Priya and Sanjay Dwivedi ,. Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System with Water Lithium
Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working Fluids with help of Simulink. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied
Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 4, Sept-2017; Pages: 82-89

II. PRINCIPAL OF ABSORPTION

For Absorption process of enticing, drying, sucked humidity by particles called desiccants. It is a sorbents the resources which is
having the capability to magnetize and grasp extra flue or fluids, which have a particular affinity for water. During absorption the
desiccant undergoes a chemical change as it takes on moisture, as for example the table salt, which changes from a solid to a liquid as it
absorbs moisture. The characteristic of the binding of desiccants to moisture makes the desiccants very useful in chemical separation
processes [3]. 1.3 Principle of Absorption Refrigeration with Refrigerant Chemistry the boiling point of the water is calculated when
lithium iodide salt is mixed thoroughly in a refrigerant such as water (liquid state). If the temperature of working fluid (water + lithium
iodide) then held constant, then this dissolving effect of the lithium iodide will be reduced the pressure of vapour in water is below
saturation pressure of pure water in a particular temperature. Suppose lithium iodide itself have several vapour pressure (i.e., unstable
lithium iodide) then the total pressure exerted over the working fluid is the sum total of the partial pressures of lithium iodide and
water. Lithium iodide is non-volatile in nature and if the boiling point changes between the working fluid and water is more or equal
300oC after that the entire pressure applied over the working fluid will be nearly equal to the vapour pressure of the water.

Its explanation is illustrated in Figure 1.1. Figure 1.1 there are two vessels 1, 2 which are linked to each other via pipes connected to a
valve. Vessel 1 is packed by pure water and vessel 2 is packed among a working fluid. Both fluids are containing 50 percent on mass
basis individually. Initially both vessels are at thermal equilibrium at 30oC with surrounding and the valve connecting these two vessels
is also closed [4]. At initial condition of 30oC, the saturation pressure of water is 4.24 kPa, and the equilibrium vapour pressure of
working fluid is 1.22 kPa at 30oC. Hence at initial thermal equilibrium condition, the vapour pressure in vessel 1 is 4.24 kPa, and
vapour pressure in vessel 2 is 1.22 kPa. Now, the valve between vessel 1 and 2 is opened which is presented in figure 1.1. Initially due
to pressure difference between vessel water vapour flows from vessel 1 to vessel 2 and working fluid absorbs this water vapour the in
vessel 2. This is exothermic phenomenon heat is released in vessel 2. Now assume, if the concentration and temperature of vessel 2 are
sustained constant at 50 % and 30oC, respectively.

Then at thermal equilibrium, the pressure in the entire thermodynamic system (both vessel 1 and 2) will be 1.32 kPa. The temperature
of water in vessel 1 will be the saturation temperature corresponding to 1.32 kPa, and its value is equal to about 12oC. In vessel 1, this
water temperature may be lower than the outside surroundings, and then a refrigeration effect is occurred with converting heat from
the surrounding in water on 12oC. Water vaporizes in vessel 1 and it flows to vessel 2 due to this heat transfer. This is absorbed by the
working fluid in vessel 2. The heat is rejected to the surroundings from absorber is called absorption heat (Qa).In this process, vessel 1
is filled by pure water as long as process is continue and vessel 2 should be maintained all the time at 50 percent concentration at 30oC
[4]. The NH3H2O structure is higher complex than H2O-LiI & H2O-LiBr structure and that structure requires a solving feature so as
to assure with the aim of rejection wet comes to the evaporator everyplace where it might ice up. NH3-H2O needs generator
temperatures which start from the 115C to165C by way of air-cooled absorber along with condenser as well as temperature between
75C to 115C at what time water-cooling is present. This reading may not be getting by using flat-plate collectors. Total performance
(COP) of any system is given as the proportion of the cooling outcome to the heat contribution which stands in range of 0.59 to 0.68.
For other system water is second-hand because a coolant inside absorber and condenser in addition to has a higher performance other
to NH3-H2O structure. The performance of proposed structure lies in between 0.75 and 0.95

Figure 1.1: Basic Principle of Refrigeration

84. Smriti Priya and Sanjay Dwivedi ,. Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System with Water Lithium
Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working Fluids with help of Simulink. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied
Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 4, Sept-2017; Pages: 82-89

III WORKING PROCEDURE

ENERGY ANALYSIS OF WATER-LITHIUM IODIDE (H2O-LiI) VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION

SYSTEM USING WATER AS REFRIGERANT

A typical WaterLithium iodide (H2O-LiI) vapour absorption refrigeration system is illustrated in Figure 3.1. Refrigerant (water)
vapour flows from the evaporator to the absorber, where it is taken into solution with a hydroscopic absorbent lithium bromide. A
flow of refrigerant vapour is maintained by the boiling process within the evaporator, thus heat energy is necessary for refrigeration
effect. The absorption process is exothermic and therefore the absorber requires constant cooling to maintain its temperature. To
maintain the strength of the absorbent, a quantity of the solution is continuously pumped at high pressure to the generator via solution
heat exchanger. This quantity of the solution is heated in the generator, thus causing the refrigerant to be driven out of the solution
and hence drying the absorbent which is then returned to the absorber via pressure reducing valve. The high pressure refrigerant
vapour flows from the generator to the condenser, where it is liquefied and entered in throttling valve to the evaporator.

Energy analysis involves principle of mass conservation, concentration balance and their fundamental mathematical expressions are
presented in equations (4.1) to (4.3). Mass balance equations of the working fluid and refrigerant at any major component of vapour
absorption refrigeration system [8], can be written as:

= . (3.1)

Similarly, doing concentration balance across any major component of vapour absorption refrigeration system, one can write:

X = X (3.2)

Q - W = h - h (3.3)

Where m is the mass flow rate and X is the lithium iodide concentration. In this analysis, the parameter circulation ratio (f) is defined
as the ratio of mass flow rate of the working fluid through the pump to the mass flow rate of the working fluid.

(3.4)

By using I Law of Thermodynamics. Energy balance equations for the major components of vapour absorption refrigeration system
are given below the energy balance in absorber is given by equation (4.5)

(3.5)

The energy balance in generator is given by equation (3.6)

(3.6)

(3.7)

(3.8)
85. Smriti Priya and Sanjay Dwivedi ,. Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System with Water Lithium
Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working Fluids with help of Simulink. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied
Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 4, Sept-2017; Pages: 82-89

(3.10)

(3.11)

Energy analysis has been performed under same operational parameters which have been used in the analysis by Anand et al [11] and
Kaushik et al [12] .In this analysis, mass flow rate of the refrigerant is taken as 1 kg/s and operational temperature parameters are taken
as TGE=87.80C, TEV=7.20C, TCO=TAB=37.780C.Effectiveness of solution heat exchanger is assumed as 0.7. Results of specific
enthalpy at each thermodynamic state of vapour absorption refrigeration system (VARS) are tabulated. Heat transfer rate or heat load
is calculated in major components of vapour absorption refrigeration system using equations (3.4) to (3.8).In order to validate energy
analysis, the results have been compared with results of Anand et al and Kaushik et al and are shown .It is observed that lower absolute
relative error has been achieved than the past published work of S C Kaushik et al under same operational parameters and estimated
almost close value to actual past published work of Anand et al. Author has developed the software under Mat lab environment for
predicting the first law based performance of water-lithium bromide operated single stage vapor absorption refrigeration system.
Software layout is presented in figure 4.1.In this software layout; input parameters are the temperatures at each salient state of
absorption cycle. Output parameters are heat load in major components of vapor absorption system, circulation ration and coefficient
of performance (COP). In proposed software, author has selected 8 input blocks, one solution concentration subsystem block, 15
transfer function blocks, 8 property subsystem blocks, 5 heat load function blocks, 1 COP function block, 23 display blocks. Author
has presented the information flow procedure in figure
86. Smriti Priya and Sanjay Dwivedi ,. Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System with Water Lithium
Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working Fluids with help of Simulink. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied
Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 4, Sept-2017; Pages: 82-89

Figure 4.3: Software layout under Mat lab Simulink environment.

Figure 4.3 shows the variations of circulation ratio (f) and coefficient of performance with generator temperature (TGE) at different
condenser temperature (TCO) for the given evaporator temperature (TEV) and absorber temperature (TAB).

Table 5.1: Thermodynamic properties at the various thermodynamic states for the LiI -Water absorption system.

Thermodynamic T (0C) m (kg/s) X (%LiI) h (k J/kg)

States

1 87.7778 9.008 55.362 191.98

2 52.8889 9.008 55.362 191.98

3 66.0333 9.008 55.362 147.42

4 140.556 8.479 58.821 202.41

5 37.7778 0.53 0 2744

6 87.7778 0.53 0 367.6

7 37.02 1 0 155.05

8 7.222 1 0 155.05

9 7.222 1 0 2513.99

10 87.7778 0.47 0 2656.14

87. Smriti Priya and Sanjay Dwivedi ,. Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System with Water Lithium
Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working Fluids with help of Simulink. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied
Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 4, Sept-2017; Pages: 82-89

Table.4.2 Tabulation of the calculated energy flows at the various components for the Water-LiI absorption system.

Sr.No Description Notations Calculated Value(k J/s)

1 Heat load in Evaporator QE 2412
2 Heat load in Condenser QC 2518
3 Heat load in Absorber QA 2641
4 Heat load in Generator QG 2553
5 Minimum Pump Work WP
6 Coefficient of Performance COP 0.9446

The following points may be concluded from figure 4.3:

(1) Performance of the system increases by decreasing the condenser temperature (TCO).
(2) Value of the circulation ratio (f) decreases with the increasing generator temperature (TGE).
(3) Value of COP increases with the increasing generator temperature (TGE).
(4) Higher value of COP is achieved with higher temperature difference (10 0C for this analysis) between absorber temperature (TAB)
& condenser temperature (TCO).

For given TAB = 400C, TCO = 300C, TEV=7.20C, TR=17.20C: Maximum value of coefficient of performance (0.816) of vapour
absorption refrigeration system is achieved at about generator temperature (TGE) 900C on further increasing the temperature
decreases the coefficient of performance.

For given TAB =400C, TCO=350C, TEV=7.20C: Maximum value of coefficient of performance (0.805) of vapour absorption
refrigeration system is achieved at about generator temperature TGE=1000C on further increasing the temperature decreases the
coefficient of performance. For given TAB = 400C, TCO = 400C, TEV=7.20C: Maximum value of coefficient of performance (0.795)
of vapour absorption refrigeration system is achieved at about generator temperature (TGE) 1080C on further increasing the
temperature decreases the coefficient of performance. In general, to obtain high value of coefficient of performance, it is necessary to
operate the cycle at low values of circulation ratio (f), which implies high values of generator temperature (TGE) and higher
temperature difference between absorber temperature (TAB) & condenser temperature (TCO).

Fig. Variation of COP and circulation ratio with generator temperature

88. Smriti Priya and Sanjay Dwivedi ,. Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System with Water Lithium
Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working Fluids with help of Simulink. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied
Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 4, Sept-2017; Pages: 82-89

Fig.Variation of COP and circulation ratio with the evaporator temperature

Similarly the whole process had been done for Water Lithium Bromide

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT- MATLAB SIMULINK

Mat lab Simulink
Mat lab Simulink is enclosing model that enable you to reproduce and investigate systems whose answer alter greater than time
consumption. Such softwares are going over and over again, is known as dynamic systems. It may be genuine human being kind self-
motivated softwares is used in current circuits, power absorbers, vehicle stopping systems, and several other electronic, automatic, and
heat objectives for estimating the performance of the respective system. This example explains how software is running.
Simulink model

It is a graphical description in numerical representation of block system. A geometric example of a Simulink description is described by
a position of equations. In this description of the program models are identified as geometric, discrepancy or difference equations. A
characteristic programming example of a useful character domain is having an example of software solver.
Simulink block diagrams name time-based dealings between signals and state variables. The key of a block diagram is obtain by
evaluating these relationships over time, where time starts at a user specified start time and ends at a user specified stop time. Each
evaluation of these dealings is referred to as a time step.
Signals signify quantities that modify over time and are distinct for all points in time stuck between the block diagrams begin and end
time.
The associations between signals and state variables are clear by a set of equations represent by blocks. Each block consists of a set of
equations. These equations label a relationship among the input signals, output signals and the state variables.

Simulink Subsystem
For any programming map may contain many portions. Every one portion is distinct by a program. It is ingredient for total program
figure and similarly having contact on the subsystem chart. It may also provide principally to withstand in Simulink software.
Programming map does not characterize different system of formation. It varies along stuck linking along with a joining formation of
different types of bitable and blocks. Controlling of the function of any form of given function of a reference system of blocks are
reduced due to high value. In the preparation of a system, it generates internal blocks they are group of given program methods
involves in representation of output. For a regular interval of duration the programmable file takes its own output.
89. Smriti Priya and Sanjay Dwivedi ,. Performance Analysis of Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System with Water Lithium
Bromide and Water Lithium Iodide as Working Fluids with help of Simulink. Journal for Advanced Research in Applied
Sciences. Volume 4, Issue 4, Sept-2017; Pages: 82-89

III. CONCLUSION

Specific enthalpy of each point in the vapour absorption refrigeration cycle is reported according to the working fluid concentration
and temperature at respective thermodynamic state of vapour absorption refrigeration system. In any process of temperature rate at
every part of the system and few piece of vales are considered by using analysis of first law. In case of water lithium iodide, author is
observed that the maximum value of COP is 1.001 and minimum value of COP is 0.658. In case of water lithium bromide, author is
observed that the maximum value of COP is 0.91 and minimum value of COP is 0.770.From outcome of system we know that value
obtained at higher coefficient of performance and evaporator temperatures and moreover by the side of low condenser and then
absorber temperatures. Here circulation ratio which we obtained having a significant position in solving coefficient of performance of
the system. Then in absorber and generator at higher circulation ratios occur in higher inner irreversibilitys. Performance analysis
shows that for getting higher COP rate, we must and should manage the system in presence of lower circulation ratio (f) vales.
Thermodynamic design data is presented and the operating temperature ranges are proposed as follows:

0C < TEV < 20C

30C < TAB < 50C
20C < TCO< 45C
50C < TGE < 100C

REFERENCES

[1] Aprhornratana, S, Thermodynamic analysis of absorption refrigeration cycles using the second law of thermodynamics method, International Journal of
Refrigeration, 18(4) (1995), pp 244-252.
[2] Kaynakli, Omer, Thermodynamic analysis of absorption refrigeration system based on entropy generation, Current Science, 92(4) (2007), pp 472-479.
[3] Kilic, M, Second law-based thermodynamic analysis of water-lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system Energy, 32 (2007), pp 1505-1512.
[4] Avanessian, T., and M. Ameri, Comparison of air-cooled and water-cooled (hot-water and direct-fired) double effect LiBr-H2O absorption systems:
energy and exergy analyses, International Journal of Energy, 17 (1) (2015), pp 110 133.
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[6] www.mathworks.com
[7] S.C kaushik ,akshilesh arora, energy and energy analysis of single effect and series flow double effect water lithium bromide absorption refrigeration
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[11] M. A. R. Eisa, S. Devotta,F. A. Holland,Thermodynamic Design Data for Absorption Heat Pump Systems Operating on Water-Lithium
Bromide:Part ICooling, Applied Energy, 24 (1986) , pp 287-301.
[12] R. Best, M. A. R. Eisa, F. A. Holland, Thermodynamic design data for absorption heat pump systems operating on ammonia-water-part I. Cooling,
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