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Department of Physiology,
BLDE Universitys Sri B. M. Patil Medical College,
Bijapur, Karnataka, India
( Received on September 3, 2012 )
*Corresponding author : Dr. Satish G Patil, Department of Physiology, BLDE Universitys Sri B.M.Patil Medical
College, Bijapur, Karnataka, India; Email: sathupatil@yahoo.co.in; Cell No.: 9986789583
154 Patil et al Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 57(2)
Table I : Integrated Yoga module for stress. the Biomedical Signal Analysis group,
University of Kuopio, Finland (11).
Sl.No. Yoga practice Duration Frequency domain method was used for
(60 min)
analysis of HRV. A non parametric Fast
A Starting prayer 1 min Furrier Transform (FFT) technique was used
B Breathing practices to obtain the Power spectral density of the
1. Hands stretch breathing 02 min
2. Hands in and out breathing 02 min RR Series. Total power in the frequency
3. Ankle stretch breathing 02 min
4. Tiger breathing 02 min
range (0-0.40Hz) was divided into very low
C Quick relaxation technique 03 min frequency (VLF: 0-0.04), low frequency
D Asana (LF: 0.04-0.15Hz) and high frequency (HF:
1. Ardhakati cakrasana
(both sides) 2 min
0.15-0.40Hz). LF measure reflects both
2. Garudasana 1 min sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
3. Bhujangasana 1 min
4. Sashankasana 1 min HF measure reflects parasympathetic
E Deep relaxation technique 7 min activity. The LF and HF components were
F Pranayama expressed in normalized units (n.u). LF/HF
1. Nadishudhi 5 min
2. Sitali 2 min ratio was calculated to assess overall
3. Bhramari 3 min balance between the sympathetic and the
G Meditation parasympathetic systems. HRV analysis was
1. Nadanusandhana 15 min
2. Om Meditation 10 min done as per the guidelines of a Task force of
H Closing prayer 01 min the European Society of Cardiology and the
North American Society of Pacing and
Electrophysiology (12). Heart rate (HR) was
Data acquisition
calculated from the RR interval obtained
from the ECG recording.
All the parameters were recorded after
supine rest for 10 minutes in the morning
Statistical analysis
between 8 am to 10 am at room temperature.
Blood pressure was measured by using the
The obtained data was expressed in
sphygmomanometer. A 5 minute ECG was
mean and standard deviation. A students
recorded in the standard limb lead II
paired t test was applied to determine
configuration using a four channel digital
polygraph (Medicaid systems Pvt Ltd, the statistical significance. Statistical
Chandigarh, India). The recorded data were significance was established at P<0.05.
visually inspected off-line and only noise free Data was analyzed using the SPSS
data were included for analysis. No ectopic software.
beats were found on offline scrutiny. The
subjects were asked to breathe normally RESULTS
during the ECG recording.
The demographic characteristics of the
Data analysis subjects in yoga and control group were
shown in Table II. There was no significant
HRV assessment was done using the HRV difference between the study and control
analysis software version 2.0, developed by group, indicates equal distribution.
156 Patil et al Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 57(2)
TABLE III : Heart rate variability before and after yoga intervention (n=11).
Values are expressed in MeanSD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. LF Low frequency component of
HRV; HF High frequency component of HRV.
TABLE IV : Heart rate variability at baseline and after four weeks in control group (n=11).
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