OBSERVATIONS AND TABULATION

Table 1 Results of Centrifugal pump (rated speed)

S. Pressure Vacuum Total Time Dischar Time for Input Output Effici-
No gauge gauge Head for h ge Q Nr power ency
reading reading (H) rise power
m3/sec sec ()
kg/cm2 mm-Hg m Sec kW
kW

Dimensions of the collecting tank = mx m

Distance between the gauges = m

Energy meter constant = rev/kWh or Impulse per kWh

Speed of the pump = rpm

Exp. No :
Date :

Statistical and Error Analysis of centrifugal pump

AIM
1. To study the performance of centrifugal pump.

BASIC CONCEPT
Centrifugal pumps are rotodynamic machines in which the dynamic pressure
is developed due rotation of impeller which enables the lifting of the liquids from a
lower level to higher level. The basic principle on which a centrifugal pump works is
that when a certain mass of liquid is made to rotate by an external force. It is thrown
away from the central axis to rotation and centrifugal head is impressed which
enables it to rise to a higher level. Now if more liquid is constantly made available at
the centre of rotation, a continuous supply of liquid at higher level is ensured.
The centrifugal pump consists an impeller or a rotor provided with a series of
curved vanes or blades encased in air tight chamber. A suction pipe whose upper
end is connected to the centre of the impeller and its lower end is dipped in to the
liquid being pumped. At the exit of the pump i.e., at the exit of spiral casing a delivery
valve is connected.

The following formulae are employed.

i) Discharge (Q) = Ah / t
A= Internal plan area of the collecting tank
h= Rise of water level in the collecting tank.
t= Time taken for rise of water level H in the collecting tank. (sec)

ii)Total head ( H) = Hs + Hd + (Vd2 - Vs2)/2g + X

Hs=Suction head in meters of water (Vacuum gauge reading in mm-Hg) x 13.6
/(1000)

Hd=Delivery head in meters of water (Pressure gauge reading in kg/ cm 2 )x10( m)

X = Vertical Distance between pressure gauge and vacuum gauge ( m)

Vd = Velocity of water in delivery pipe ( m/s)

Vs = Velocity of water in suction pipe ( m/s)

iii) Out put of the pump (P0) = Q H/1000 (kW)

= Specific weight of the water (N/m3)

Q = Actual discharge of the pump (m3/s)

H = Total head (m)

MODEL CALCULATION
iv)Input of the Pump (Pi) = (3600 x Nr)/ (Ne x T)

Ne = energy meter constant in revolutions per kWh/Impulse per kWh

Nr = number of revolutions of the energy meter disc

T = time taken for Nr revolutions of energy meter disc

v) Percentage efficiency of the pump ( ) = (P0/Pi) x 100

Specific speed of the pump (Ns) = NQ/(H/n)3/4

N = speed of the pump

n = number of stages

Q = discharge corresponding to maximum efficiency

H = head corresponding to maximum efficiency

APPARATUS

1. Centrifugal Pump

2. Collecting tank with piezometer

3. Stop watch

4. Energy meter

5. Meter scale

PROCEDURE
MODEL CALCULATIONS
GRAPHS

The following graphs are drawn taking Q on X axis

1. Head vs Q

2. Input power vs Q

3. Efficiency vs Q

MODEL GRAPHS

RESULT

The operating characteristics curves of the centrifugal pump are drawn at constant
speed

The design head :

The design discharge :

The specific speed of the pump :