44 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS

and r2 = ( s x) 2 + y 2
Substituting these relations in equation (3.9)

( s + x) 2 + y 2
=K
( s x) 2 + y 2
Squaring both the sides and rearranging we get
K2 + 1
x2 2xs + s2 + y2 = 0 (3.10)
K2 1
( K 2 + 1) 2
For completing the square add on both the sides of equation (3.10), the term s2 ;
( K 2 1) 2
we get
Fx K 2
+1 I 2
F 2 Ks I 2

GH K 2
1
JK
s + y2 = GH K 1JK
2
(3.11)

which represents an equation to a circle

(x h)2 + (y g)2 = r2 (3.12)
2 Ks
where r= 2 (3.13)
K 1
and centre at
K2 + 1
x=h= s, y = g = 0 (3.14)
K2 1
An equipotential line corresponding to voltage V at P is drawn in Fig. 3.3. For higher
potentials, K increases and it can be seen from the equation of the equipotential lines, r decreases
i.e., r approaches zero and h approaches s so that the equipotentials are smaller circles with
their centres more nearly at the line of charge.

3.4 TRANSMISSION LINE

CAPACITANCE OF A 1-

Before an expression for the capacitance is derived we define the following terms:
Capacitor: It is an electrical device which consists of two conductors separated by a
dielectric medium and is used for storing electrostatic energy.
Capacitance: The capacitance of a capacitor is the ratio of the charge on one of its
conductors to the potential difference between the conductors.
We make use of this definition of capacitance and other results derived previously in
this Chapter for finding out the capacitance of the transmission lines.
Consider a 1- transmission line as shown in Fig. 3.4. Let a fixed potential V be applied
between the conductors so that the charge per unit length of each conductor is L coulomb per
metre. The length of the line is very large as compared with the distance of separation h of the
conductors, and radius r of each conductor is very small as compared to the distance of
separation. It is to be noted that the charge L coulomb/metre is distributed on the surface of