DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

Whitepaper on DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

By
Yogesh Vats & Deepak Rathore

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

Contents:

1. Introduction ...................................................................................

2. The Problem ...................................................................................

3. DI Technology ..................................................................................

3.1 Data Warehousing .........................................................................

3.2 Data Mining ...................................................................................

4. Architecture .....................................................................................

4.1 Hardware Architecture ..................................................................

5. Features ...........................................................................................

6. Advantages ......................................................................................

7. Case Study .......................................................................................

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

1. Introduction

“The world is becoming digital by the day – for good as well as bad”

We live in an age where most of the information is raw digital data. The
information may consist of images from a satellite orbiting our planet, a credit
card transaction verification system or our criminal or interrogation reports.
However the problem with all kinds of raw data remains the same - What to do
with all this data?

The value of raw data is typically predicated on the ability to extract higher level
information: information useful for further investigations, decision support, for
better understanding of the crimes plaguing a state, for storage of all data in a
structured format.

“Day by day more and more data is being piled up so what should we do with this
data? The answer lies with the problem itself. Since we have this data we can use
it to its own advantage by using data mining and extracting useful information it”

The process of Data Mining – To analyze data and find hidden patterns in it has
been in vogue since centuries. However, with the rapid increase in the inflow of
unstructured digital data, sophisticated statistical analysis and modeling
techniques are now used to generate patterns and relationships hidden in raw
data.

Today, multiple Law Enforcement agencies across the world are using statistical
analysis and pattern matching to catch suspects and criminals or just to draw
intelligence out of the humongous quantity of raw data available with us.

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

2. The Problem

“Criminals leave their traces behind huge amount of data – however manual
analysis of this data usually takes more time than it took to gather the data”

As the focus on extracting intelligence from raw data has sharpened, Law
enforcement agencies need information that allows for quick action at all levels.
However, most of our agencies have fragmented systems and maintain
information in disparate systems, thereby making it difficult to find and access
the right piece of information quickly. Reports can take days or weeks to produce.
Answers to queries vary, based on which system is used.

The problems –

 Digitization of current data – A typical law enforcement agency has many

operational systems that capture and report crime-based information. The
challenge is to digitize this data, integrate data from fragmented systems
to provide a single view thereby increasing the ability to analyze crime
trends using data from all systems, accurately

 Non-clustered Databases – Most of the current records (for instance, FIR,

Investigation Report, Missing people register, Auto thefts etc) have
separate databases of their own with multiple common and some unique
parameters. Multiple attempts at digitizing these fragmented databases
has lead to duplicity of data, redundancy, data integrity and non reliability
issues

 Data Analysis – The rapidly increasing inbound flow of raw data has created
the need for automated extraction of useful knowledge from huge
amounts of data which not only helps in finding new information about the
criminals, their associates or modus operandi etc. but also helps in better
understanding of them and their activities

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

3. DI Technology

“Unlock your data”

For any country the biggest problem with digital data is how to create it, how to
store it and how to analyze the data. The typical police department has many
operational systems that capture and report crime-based information. The
challenge is integrating data from fragmented systems to provide a single view,
finding the ability to analyze crime trends using data from all systems,
accurately reporting crime statistics, and complying with state and federal
reporting requirements.

3.1Data Warehousing

DI Technology is designed and developed to maintain the details pertaining to all

the activities of the Police Stations relating to Crime and Criminals. The details are
stored in a cluster of databases so as to ensure –

 Flexibility – The system has been designed keeping in mind the

requirements of a state police department for the next ten years. The
system is flexible and new modules can easily be integrated or deleted
from the system without much ado.

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

 No duplicity of data – Using the self developed clustered databases

technology, DI ensures that data once entered never needs to be
replicated. For instance, certain information such as names, address,
associates, modus operandi may be common to both FIR as well as
Investigation report. Now instead of entering these details in both the
databases, database cluster has been used to ensure that the data in
entered only once and automatically linked to other databases

 Data integrity issues – DI Technology integrates your existing data into a

new repository of consistent, accurate information without modifying
your existing operational systems. Data entered is consistent in nature
with guaranteed data integrity and availability

 Report Generation - Easy-to-generate reports greatly reduce the technical

skill and time needed to produce information that can be used to make
key decisions quickly. The DI Technology helps in digitizing the current data
and generates reports as per the user requirements. The reports may be
generated on the complete profile of a criminal, incidence of a certain
crime within an area, year to year crime trend, crime patterns and trends.
The system provides required information to the higher levels periodically
and as and when required. The system also generates various statutory
reports for the smooth functioning of the police station.

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

 Quick and easy retrieval of information in multiple views – DI Technology

enables the quick and easy retrieval of information – permitting officers or
crime analysts to spend their time gaining insight rather than dealing with
complex data access issues. Structured to support analysis and decision
making throughout the organization, the solution integrates data into a
new repository of consistent, accurate information, which is then
presented in multiple business views, including offenses or incidents,
dispatch and arrests
 Dynamically sort data by relevant dimensions – location, date, signal,
incident priority, relationship between offender and victim, relationship
between parties involved in domestic violence, and call-for-service holding
time
 Create and quickly distribute presentation-quality charts and graphs.

3.2Data Mining

The value of raw data is typically predicated on the ability to extract higher
level information which leads to the need for automated extraction of
useful knowledge from huge amounts of data. Knowledge discovery and
data mining are techniques to discover strategic information hidden in very
large databases

Algorithms used

 An user friendly search filter, customizable relationship layouts like

o Tree layout
o Ring layout
 Data mining algorithms used
o Statistical based
 Regression
 Bayesian

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

o Distance Based
 Simple
 K nearest neighbors
o Neural Network Based
 Propagation
 NN supervised Learning
o Rule Based
 Generating rules from Decision tree
 Generating rules from Neural network
o Association Techniques
 Sampling
o Partition algorithms
 Minimum spanning tree
 PAM algorithms

 Database clustering using BIRCH, DBSCAN & CURE algorithms.

Logical analysis is done using Data and Task parallelism algorithms The application
is programmed to perform investigative analysis on the data stored in data
warehouse. The application will be setup to automatically identify the data from
the input media and alert the administrator about the input option. The
application also maintains an index of each database and correlates the
information so that the search takes place faster and easier.

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

4. Architecture

4.1Hardware Architecture

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

5. Features
 Software designed using state police departments requirements in
view
 Flexible thresholding
 User friendly GUI Interface
 High level of security (Multifactor Authentication)
 Possibility of connectivity between district, state and police station
databases
 Reduces repetitive manual work
 System helps officers –
o Draw Patterns and analyze a given situation graphically
o Draw links and associations between multiple entities
o Link past crimes of an individual
o Analyze the progress on a particular case
o Study and analyze crime trends in respective jurisdictions

6. Advantages

The main objective behind developing and completing this product was to
help our Law Enforcement agencies save their energy and the time which
goes into manual analysis of the humongous data which most of the time
does not lead to fruitful results. The product not only does the analysis but
helps in creating a database which serves the objective. The automated
tool leads to discovery, extraction and linkages of sparse evidence
contained in large amount of classified and unclassified data resources. It
has detection capabilities to extract relevant data and relationships about
people, organizations, and activities from source data. It will link items
relating potential criminals, terrorist groups or scenarios, and learn

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DI Technology for Law and Enforcement agencies

patterns of different groups or scenarios to identify new organizations or

emerging threats

7. Case Study

“The world is already using the best technology available to combat crime,
terrorism and other facilities to make their tasks easier. Why should we be left
behind?”

Snapshot by agencies during the 9/11 investigation where similar tools were
used to discover the relationships between various terrorists

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