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Specific types of wastes are produced during oil and natural gas
exploration and production operations, the largest portion of which is
naturally occurring material removed from the subsurface. Exploration
and Production wastes fall into four primary categories:
• Produced water -- the saline water brought to the surface with oil
and gas;
• Drilling waste -- the rock cuttings and fluids that are produced
from drilling a new wellbore into the subsurface;
• Associated wastes -- a broad category of a variety of small
volume waste streams that encompasses all other types of
wastes uniquely "associated" with oil and natural gas production;
and
• Industrial wastes -- these are the wastes that are not uniquely
associated with oil and gas production that are nonetheless
generated at well sites. Examples include paint, spent solvents,
and packaging materials.
The first three categories of E&P wastes are managed under special
provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) that
recognize the unique nature of these waste streams. Requirements for
the management and disposal of these three categories of wastes are
set by state regulations. The latter category of wastes, industrial
wastes, are managed and disposed under the same set of state and
federal regulations that apply to such wastes from any other industry.
The total volume of waste generated annually by the oil and gas
industry decreased substantially over the decade between 1985 and
1995, as shown by the table below:
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The East Bay Regional Park District uses software to make
business processes paperless, and to prevent the unnecessary
printing and disposal of dated forms, publications, and letterhead.