21.09.

2017

Genetika
Pendahuluan
SIGIT PRASTOWO

Animal Genetic Diversity

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Sapi Potong

Tampilan luar atau Phenotype

Kualitatif Kuantitatif
Kepala dan leher Tinggi gumba
Warna kulit Panjang badan
Dada dan punggung Lingkar dada
Paha dan kaki Berat badan
Pertumbuhan Umur
Testes Lebar dada

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Animal Genetic Resources

Why genetic is important in animal science ?

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The breeding concept

The central equation

P=G+E

P is the phenotype which is visually observed. For example growth rate, feed eficiency,
reproduction, meat quality.
G is the blue print information in term of DNA sequence. Its carry potential trait that
inheritance from parent to offspring.
E is supporting factor to express the potential of G. For example feed, housing and health
management.

In the breeding strategy, G is need to be selected and supported with E to maximize

expected P.

The mating system

Male
A A Elite stock
Female

a Aa Aa F1 (commercial
a Aa Aa stock)

Mating arranged to ensure

the trait is inheritance

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CHROMOSOM

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PowerPoint Lecture Presentation for

Concepts of Genetics
Ninth Edition
Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino

Chapter 1
Introduction to Genetics
Lectures by David Kass with contributions from
John C. Osterman.
Copyright 2009Pearson
Copyright Education,
2009 Pearson Inc.
Education, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 1.1

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Section 1.1

Mitosis
Chromosomes are
copied and distributed
so that the two
resulting daughter
cells are diploid

Meiosis
Gametes produced are
haploid

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Section 1.1

Chromosome
Theory of
Inheritance
Inherited traits are
controlled by genes
residing on
chromosomes

Figure 1.5
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Section 1.1

Mutations
produce alleles of a
gene

Figure 1.6
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Section 1.1

DNA, not protein, is the carrier of genetic

information.

Figure 1.7
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Early DNA Studies

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins studied DNA
structure using X-ray scattering

From X-ray diffraction patterns they deduced that DNA

Is long and thin
Has a uniform diameter of 2 nanometers
Is helical, and is twisted like a corkscrew
Consists of repeating subunits
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

DNA Is a Double Helix

James Watson and
Francis Crick :

DNA is made of two

strands of nucleotides

Deoxyribose and
phosphate portions
make up the sugar-
phosphate backbone

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Section 1.2

DNA
Double-stranded helix made up of the
nucleotides A, C, G, and T

Sugar in its nucleotides is deoxyribose

Nucleotides form AT and GC base pairs

across the helix

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.8

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Section 1.2

RNA is similar to DNA, except that:

it is usually single-stranded
it has U in place of T
the sugar in RNA nucleotides is ribose instead
of deoxyribose

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Section 1.2

The Central
Dogma of
Genetics

Figure 1.9
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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3D Image of Protein

Figure 1.10
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Linking Genotype to Phenotype

Red Blood Cells. (Note
Sickle-cell Anemia irregular-shaped cell)

Hemoglobin Molecule

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Section 1.3
Restriction enzymes have allowed the
advent of recombinant DNA and cloning.

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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1.4 The Impact of Biotechnology Is

Continually Expanding

Corn. 2010. http://www.soil- Soybeans. 2010.

matters.com/images/farm-photo-gallery/2008- http://www.edmunds.com/media/advice/specialreports/bio
fall/tsm_compare-corn_treated_x5.jpg based.materials/soybeans.500.jpg

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Biotechnology Cloning and

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic mice
Cloned sheep Dolly

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Biotechnology in Genetics and

Medicine

DNA microarray - used to detect

Retinal Gene Therapy. 2010. mutant copies of genes.
http://www.eye.ox.ac.uk/Subretinalinjection.jpg/image_
preview

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Genomics, Proteomics, &

Bioinformatics

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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Section 1.6

Model organisms for genetic study meet

what kind of criteria?

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Section 1.6
Recombinant DNA technology and the
ability to transfer genes across species
has made it possible to develop models of
human diseases (Table 1.2).

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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The End

Genetics. 2010.
http://fergusonbiology.homestead.com/genetics.jpg
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

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