UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS KIMIA DAN

TEKNOLOGI MAKANAN
(School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology)

Course Code : STKK1303

Course name : Basic Inorganic Chemistry

Number of Units : 3

Pre-requirements : None

Lecturers : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Kassim - Coordinator (mbkassim@ukm.my)

Dr. Nur Hasyareeda Hassan (idanhh@ukm.my)

Teaching Methods : Lectures, Problem Based Learning (PBL), Tutorials, Assignments and Quizes

Assessment :
Final examination 40 - 60%
Mid-semester examination 20 - 30%
Assignments, quizes and tutorials 10 - 30%

INTRODUCTION
This course is an introduction to inorganic chemistry, part of which is a repetition of what has
been learnt at the STPM and Matriculation level to ensure students are well equipped to deal
with the more abstract areas of inorganic chemistry. Emphasis is given to topics such as
electronic structure, geometry of simple compounds and basic theories of bonding.

OBJECTIVE
At the end of the course students are expected to understand the basic bonding theories in simple
compounds.

SYNOPSIS
Perbincangan tentang asas penting dalam kimia tak organik seperti: Hubungan berkala,
hubungan jisim dalam tindak balas kimia dan stoikiometri. Penekanan diberikan kepada
bagaimana struktur atom ditentukan daripada awal zaman sehingga kepada teori atom moden.
Struktur elektronik atom. Pengikatan kimia: Pengikatan kimia, geometri molekul dan teori
orbital molekul. Daya yang menyatukan molekul: Daya intermolekul di dalam cecair dan
pepejal. Asas simetri bagi molekul dan pengenalan kepada kristallografi sinar-X.

Basic discussion in inorganic chemistry such as: Periodical relationship, mass relation in
chemical reactions and stoichiometry. Emphasis will be placed on how the structure of an atom
has evolved beginning from the early day to the modern atomic theory: Electronic structure of
an atom. Bonding theories: Chemical bonding, molecular geometry and molecular orbital
theory. Molecular forces: Intermolecular forces in liquid and solid. Basic molecular symmetry
and introduction to X-ray crystallography.
COURSE STRUCTURE
Lectures: 2-3 hours/week; Problem base learning (PBL); Tutorials; Examination: 2-3 hours.

TOPIC WILL BE COVERED IN LECTURES

PERIODICITY (2 LECTURES: L1 L2)

Lecture 1
Periodic Table. Classification of elements. Periodic variation for physical properties, effective
nuclear charge, atomic radii, ionic radii.

Lecture 2
Ionisation energy, Electron affinity, Electronegativity, Variation of chemical properties.

Problem base learning (1)

MASS RELATIONS IN CHEMISTRY: STOICHIOMETRY (4 LECTURES: L3 L6)

Lecture 3
Atomic number, Mass number, Isotope, Periodic Table,

Lecture 4
Molecules and Ions, Chemical Formula, Naming of Compounds.

Lecture 5
Atomic mass, Molar mass, Avogadro number, Molecular mass, Mass spectrometry, Molecular
percentage composition.

Lecture 6
Empirical formula determination, chemical reaction and chemical equations, chemical
stoichiometry, Limiting reagent, Reaction yields.

Problem base learning (2)

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA (2 LECTURES : L7 L8)

Lecture 7
Brnsted-Lowry acid and bases; Ionization of water; Strength of acids and bases

Lecture 8
Relationship between ionization constants and strength of acids and bases. Weak electrolytes;
Buffer solutions.

Problem base learning (3)

QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS (6

LECTURES: L9 L15)

Lecture 9
There are many phenomena that cannot be explained using classical physics. Properties of wave,
C = ; Quantum theory, E=h; Einstein explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Lecture 10
Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom; Emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom; Rydberg
equation.

Lecture 11
De Broglie's dual nature of the electron; Quantum mechanics; Heisenberg uncertainty principle;
Schrdinger equation.

Lecture 12
Radial function; Radial wave function; Quantum numbers;

Problem base learning (4)

Lecture 13
Shape and energy of orbitals; Multi-electron system; Electronic configuration.

Lecture 14
Electron spin, Pauli's exclusion principle; Hund's rule, Aufbau principle; Shielding, Slater's rule.

Problem base learning (5)

CHEMICAL BONDING 1: BASIC CONCEPTS (4 LECTURES : L15 L18)

Lecture 15
Lewis dot symbols; Ionic bond; Lattice Energy of the ionic compounds.

Lecture 16
Covalent bond; Electronegativity;

Lecture 17
Writing Lewis structures. Formal charge and Lewis structure; Concept of resonance.

Lecture 18
Exceptions to the Octet Rule; Incomplete octet; Odd-electron molecules, expanded octet; Bond
energy.

Problem base learning (6)

CHEMICAL BONDING II: MOLECULAR GEOMETRY AND MOLECULAR

ORBITALS (8 LECTURES : L19 L26)

Lecture 19
Molecular geometry; Valence shell electron pair repulsion VSEPR; Central atom and lone pairs;
Guidelines for applying the VSEPR model.

Lecture 20
Dipole moments; Valence bond theory

Lecture 21
Hybridisation of atomic orbitals, sp, sp2 and sp3; Hybridisation in double and triple bonds.

Problem base learning (7)

Lecture 22
Molecular orbital theory; Linear combination of atomic orbitals.
Lecture 23
Bonding molecular orbital; Antibonding molecular orbital; Non-bonding; Types of interaction.

Lecture 24
Binuclear molecular orbital configuration; H2, Li2, O2. Heteronuclear molecular orbital; HCl, HF
and CO.

Lecture 25
Delocalised molecular orbital; Benzene and carbonate anion.

Lecture 26
Electron deficient molecules; Bonding in B2H6; Explanation using valence bond theory and
molecular orbital theory.

Problem base learning (8)

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES IN LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS (2 LECTURES: L27 L29)

Lecture 27
Intermolecular forces; Dipole-dipole; Ion-dipole;

Lecture 28
Dispersion forces; Hydrogen bond.

Lecture 29
Band theory; Metal; Insulator, Semiconductor. Superconductor

Problem base learning (9)

SYMMETRY & CRYSTAL STRUCTURE (3 LECTURES : L30 L32)

Lecture 30
Types of crystals. Symmetry elements and operations,

Lecture 31
Crystal system, point group and space group

Lecture 32
X-ray diffraction and crystallography.

Problem base learning (10)

REFERENCES
Housecroft, C. & Shrape, A.G. Inorganic Chemistry. 2008. Ed. Ke-3, Prentice Hall.
Christian, G.D., 1994. Analytical Chemistry. Ed. ke-5, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G. & Gaus, P.L. 1995. Basic Inorganic Chemistry. Ed. ke-3, New
York: John Wiley & Son.
Ibrahim Baba. 1994. Inorganic Chemistry-Concept and Structure (Malay). Kuala Lumpur:
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Masterton, W.L. & Hurley, C.N. 1997. Chemistry: Principles & Reactions. 3rd. Ed., USA:
Saunders College Publishing.