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"I"nold
The Early Episcopal Career of
Athanasius of Alexandria
OIriIrilnil)' and Judaism in Antiquity
Owlcs Kannengiesser, Series EdiICr
Volume 6
1HE EARLY EPISCOPAL CAREER OF
ATHANASIUS OF ALEXANDRIA
by
DUANE WADE-HAMP'rON ARNOlD
~CI99I~
Uni...m.y otNoue oa- Pre.tf;
Nolx n-e. ~-465S1l
AD ri&l=I ,.... WCIIl
~iad>e ~SlIIQ:ot AmerQ
e-.. w. K.
"----
AmoW,
T1Io urtJ ~ __ of _ ... 01 Aio........ 'b,. e.- Wodo-
P. ..... - (Cbri>Iionil)o and J........, .. .,.;qui!)' : . 6)
whol.. biblia....p/licu ,d.,_.. ond !nol...
ISBN o.261-OOnS_2
I. ""'-I... Soma. Polriu<h of Ak<m<lrio. t1 371. 2. Sp'lOII of 't)ft. L
Titk. tt. s-t..
BW~7J 199.
nO.2"'fl92,....c1c2
(Bl 9O-4H96
.,
=
To
ARTHURMIQiAELRAMSEY
rtquksaJI ill po
Bishop, Teacher. and Friend
ConYel1i me ad AlllIDaIiunl ~
~ -.mi. et er.il Yin Idminlio
lelIlIil. lit lib eo di..elli _ p(ll$im.
141 duo:I ciIU; b1lrol.a.a- C.....ilet::
IIUIIqlOe. irI prinlo Oulik ~
. , . ill o.u. K dmna
a ......... _il_.. _
*i _1'l, ==mri .....
~ . " ; ~ u ~...
1M' - . .. priIniI a
IS a fl''''
_ l . di.... _ _ .....
"""'-- paao ...-. LtP"
llr'liK _ 1ilIrw ad _ AriIa,
_q' I et ~idc
~ ... . piecIlk rdlo::u;
- . III IilliI _ tt&i-
'n a,qd_opericmtm!
poail. ~ ... IilRns
~'Iiri.u ~
lUJn _limwn, ......baWIi. di:pa
poOCckl,qllPlll _ _ lI(hirencur
CllGt'iIlIr, ~mn_
talISAm.1l1 cIi&n futott, lICit
tunClaliQIIC l1liul: haera1Iobltuiooa
;\& aperit. quit, ~ftlJlt. IIftlaQllt
SaIptwnrwn ..-ncrua cnodnl. UI
eIlSitiaoi tillP lec:lione lIIItI pouim
Quid f1)wn.1 SLaUtl apud me CIIIlvcrte>ldo,
iJllOll ac COIlles~ homini dtbitis lTItis!Tlt
lO\tIrn dedete: I; ClIIid otii $lIJlpedi~
jIIIIllttO: nihil onIIlIllUIlI cklwlllllt
Hlubriul, llIillil ;",hiu, ~pcriri ~
IIDIIAIllItr tdf""""vtrinl.
AMBROOIO TRAVERSARI
nFdnwy 1&24
CONTENTS
""'"' I
ATH.I.NASIlJS.: ~ CI1Ol.A1.AC1'Bl ANOo:m:xr
I. IniliaI 0 'f _ _ _ _. 9
'2. ilwelpa:aal ","""p._ _ __ _ _. II
2.1 ,.1t4oden~ ..__. .__.._ _.._ II
2.1 Ni I dK 1_') CoIIlpill'" _................... I.
2J CwIUII Views _......................... 20
3. 1swef; in DispulD 2.t
3.1 Aakkmirocationallbelssuc:l 2.t
3.2 ~udlbc:C ., nciaIle-oou., _ 1S
3.2.1 " . .....iMC:O'- Pnl;licaia_
o.aolAIt. " . _ __ _.__. 36
3,2,1 f'JQpIr . .lI51popel' I ole M'
.-:I C . ' '11lei:IDl Uld a.if.cmc.
. . O;uoei of ro:-. _.._. .. ..._. .3
3.'2.3 Ii! I Ij,.Iavd_" _ .It.,...".
E.."...,..-I E of AD 321 _...... q
3..l TheMc~_1.ondoII1'lpynof191 62
3 11M! Onulon 01 Orepy or NWan_ 89
COnc:ludin& ConsidetJIjoas ..... 9S
"''''""
ATHANASIlIS M'Onr!Sna>(lFT'o'U
D.W.HA
2 FdlrIwJ 19!1O
TIle FI:u. of lbc PI ........
AIlIlRYIATIONS
nrwcrisfJ/AI........wafA~
M""'''''
A/IW
All
c....
M __
Episto/# tid AdtIpAi..... qi'N'p."
t:pisIo/4 ad A,/roI
Ap%fI<J tld;",,-_ _ CCWUUIIi_
M
EpUIoIa Gil D,/Xt1IIti_
Ail q. MI. " Lib. EpiwJ4"""Jioutlrt>" M~"~
,..,w
_.
j
AilJ_."AM.. Epi_b_J_.,ANi....,.....
AtlLaq':
M __ 111 E? ...,,,,,0. ib_ , ..
--
!
E? ! ._ :~ ,
Ap:>'"..._........
ce_ """""' ~
o._ Epi'" tie dtcmis N ~ rJI'ftIdi
o.fop Apa'".. tIe/qIJ ,..
0. .....
__ ~tlek:oa i_
f't>"rroI,, _ _ Nii
0. _ _
Epi-ola _ .......... DioaJ#ii1piK:ofll
0..,.. EpiJI4 ., ~ AriIoiloi J~ " S4'1ncMt ia
fsawitJoWb ..",
Of ""p. fhl'irJUi_
Ep.PqCL EpWoIa ad"?JC"IW~
Exp. ,~ ,,"- E.xposifi_, ill "sa/lOtOS
F,no/lA/u" &Jot, lA/""
HiJ/. NllUI. HisIorltlA~"'"ad_1ooI
Or.C.N....n O,atioM,_o Ar/Ivw Im
Or. c. N. IV OroM aMUlJ AriIlIw IV (PJwdo."........)
S.rop.l.lII EpistDIM GIl Suapic>o Im
T-. ad.AN. T........ ad NllilrtflOS
Vi/o AIIl. VI/o N%M
AIIaIIIl~
..........." ... J_NIJ fJ/ Mdul Hillaq
...un;,. de /itJb~ d!,;,,;P"
8'P" ..
1'...6.;....... 'hitxWfl
... $otilq ~ D-dl
CbrclI ms-, (Tllt"";";1ic:M
...."
o.q,w~ ...
..... iptiIas .. Bdla ' - <"-iI)
D.m_OIIl:r~..,
,...
Die piocma.e.
cnra. (dml
E. Sdlwa:u,
dris:"..'"
J~ Leipli ...s
Sc:WittItdkr de
"
f lU
JTIIS. NS
JDlITNII D{ RdiI;-
IaIInIIII ofT1vtJlDIfaIl S"',. 1899-194~
JowlUll ofT1vsJJJJ,wM $DldUJ, _1lCrieI, 19SO-
..,.", A Sdt Ubnry of N!ceae IUld Potl-Nic:efte
F.tbers of !he 0uUtl1ll C1lutc:fl. edited by P.
Scl>arT and H. WIU, New YOfk. 18991900;
Rqlrinl ed. GfW'od Rapids, Michi,III, 1952-1974
HAXG Nederlands <Veldt!_ Urt~J(~1IIs
NtUl<T NedciDNU IMoio,ucll d}dIclfrl/l
HGG Na<:IIri&hlt" """ tkr K~IIi,Uc/w.1I G,ullstlql dIlr
Wimo:/UC!t<.1I :w G6UiJtlfll
H" N,... r .... _1Il SllIdiu
_m.
(Vii f '""
Die Apol",i,". edited by H.G. Ocri.... 8etlin.
""
""...an.. W....... ~ ... A~der
ICitdoen.I!UI>Ollllllluiooo doer Prt,,; ........
Ahdenw der Wi MfKa, >Oll. I, 116:
U.I 1- ... Gnc"kW . . . . . . . . SftiIu
J/6-:J2lJ. ediIod by H..(l. Opicz. BeNt. 193'
Cft<l'# ~"M '.
~ e.- e-.... ScrioI G-.
161 'IOls.. ediled by J.,P. MJ&-, ....... 11S7.
''''
ABBREVIATIONS ..
PC Pau<Jkls:iaea.n... CGapleq. ScricI LUoa. 221
...... edie:I by J.-P. Mlpe, Paris, 1~1-1164
ro '''''"*Cia QrieataIN cdiled "" R. Clnn"i. - ' F.
Nu., Paris, 1!lO7-
ItnSIt It~.,. ~
...
"" ~4~""U . rir-
ItHf'1t ,II,.... ~1risItlUf ,we "W'I,dli-su
ItSLIt ,II...... is JIIriI. 10_ _ ~
,IIodt<J Itnd.,,:... ~
Be omxa_ e4iIal by H. .. l...ot.:: aad J.
SaIIR:a
C S PaOI.I"'I_
B" $I....... f'"uufi.. ..... purOlUld III die
~ em . . . . . . PatriItic Slda bdd
on.. C1lottcl.. 0:danI
"nJ ~"""l'Irie
T~
j ".
_ U I l _.......... o-lIid,... dcr
IllclriIlIicbea LiIInlw
TLZ Tl\a:IIo,...,..~
"'"
TU,
TIIS,K,
nwo:..,uu.a~(TlIbmp)
TItuJIGricfJl Silidill
TMoIDIUl:M Siuditn IIIld KrlriUn
T'" TltmloliuNI 'hitIC/v(I (Ba$Ic)
,C VltiliJJ< C~
ZXG Ztiudrnfttw K;,r~IIJ<No
zm uilxlvifl filT 1:iuJIDI1IC/w TIwiG';'
ZNW Ztil.lClvift fir tU IW'wt _fIIfJli< Ito W1J:JDu<1tQji
wtd ~ KIl1IM .... "lenl KIr</w
17woltl""
t...ri<:t.. fir 11M K"tlttt. I. cdllica.
cdiRd by M. Bcloberp. Fniblq. 19lG-193I
..,
Luiam fW TMoI",ie """ KiTelut. 2d CIlia"".
edited by J. Hllfcr Illd K. RalIlIet. Freilxq;, 1957-
MiWcI",~ unCOil AlbAlJri""...... ediled by Q. MIl1ler,
Bcrm, 19.52
ODCC no. O>{QId Dicao-y (Ij w C/WtNM ClIrvdJ.
24 ediliOll, odlwl by F.L Croa IJtlI E.A.
~ 1..oaIIc-., 1974
lttQ1wa- f'r JuWU ud CNUi"eNaft, ediled
by T. K1mIa', SruII.prt, 19S0-
~fi'~n-q .. 1lIOd
Xirdw. 3d IilUl, edlaed by A. Hau::k, Lcipzir:,
1896-1913
A e-cr.: Coptic 1I11is11 Luicotl. aliII:d by R.
Smilh, Gnnd bpids, Mic;1I... 1m
INTRODUCTION
In. work publishecl ill !be early willlU of 1981. !be Iatt. R.P.
Hena. ...... dle tollowint <otIIti .1Iion -...;", . . _ of .... dm<:h in
~ tourdl decide of Ibe fi:u1h oenIUI'}':
TIe'I;"olofA" IO . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . _ _
___ __ of I.h= bru;k bel: _ _ ui Md I.h= Wc:a iI AD:WI
. ,of"'_ _ __ riicJl.,
'4_e.tr~ ,,_I
_of ' i I _ S~of~ MdIkIli.lllcp1
." .. ~
tI,L'
, I ..
KDdy 10 .....
........
, "" Olftn...... 1111_ ,.pow of
.. deuIJ dle eutr !:p', : , . 01 A& villi &-c. kill
tlIe...-
ICU ill AD mill lUI r. . ".ik ill AD 335. TIe a1kplD of
"""-. ciled Ibowta, ' - beeolM win
Po ~ y COil o ilIterprelIlioI oflht: -tr _
bo_" Iht: ..... oIltIis 1ladJ.
01 AIbn&siaI WId
ha.lbudore. ereoled .,. MIld br. bl1wwd 0fId eriDeII ~ ofll'lose
~ _ wllicb Jlf'O"Xle lI!Ie bilIit ror 'ljCh IlI.IemU!. This
lbIdy _pulUdlllfl ~
Bef'ore the eJlplol~~ _ IIld the COIlIIrUl:u.:. or IIfl
hisaqic:oI I\IInIlye untuin. ~poe Lhe S1flOlI or Tpe. IIowcYcr, it i.
importanl 10 ll(e ~ the preoel>I opieiolll concunln. !hi: w1y career of
Alhinuius ~.uo 1hemJel'IU' pan olllllllJllrlcal prDl;CIIwhictl ClMot
be .;ewe(! ill iIol.tioIt, Fot 1lI1.1 reuon $oction I eJl.... irlu wAlhanuius:
Questions of 0lIrIc:kt and ConteJl." Willtilt llIi. IIIlCtioti II'Kldem critical
"I'll"OI'Cba 10 Aihllllsius tr$ oompared 10 nlllelellnlh-OOll'y ""oIuations of
IIlP.c. H_. TIw S<JIIdI "" 'Iw c....... tJoarW '" GGtI, EdiJl'-IJI.
1931, V1a2.73.
,
die ........ arder D NiU. t.si<: 1Iiibicc>...., 01 C 'a, Illd
. . .~p;nry AU e.
JaotieI. Alth""&I' iI il; ioop-H=b'
lid. IloIdr tel be "blaine <- ..,.
lie uboat '""l1 18~
UKMd III . . .....:n;J, fie .am ..,. be -.z
01 toe " y III ..tIicllllle.
..........._ _ 10 ...... ni. . . bra. UctaI
- , . . TIe , . to. 01 drc Iir1t
....... -'Y_ol ... dTni.. widl ..
_
;. de..-.i Ill,.'
01_ ...
~''''~
I I.,. ;
___
,kwp I 01 _lxr 01 ~ _ ..lIidIlIIMlS bdlia:I_
dr:tIIlied dw ___
Thul: apa. 'I. . . . of ~ _ ~l bavin, beeII
.....;.&rnd, k g D
Mh'_'. ud lllC S~
"",.ides. Ioi.sIoricM lIIlTIli... Il'Id ua'
ol T,re. o...;q 1M .-...m -t of R.
II)
of 'riga
T_. Ot.
2.. lMeIu.. 0., "'~~ OilLa/uflwiq w AI ....
_.b_ _ ~_YOfk.I_3Ol'l'.Tho~or",-
,ito, _ A~'
.... __
" pI
Ii.nI< _
-,
.-..:
rar;...6-1(1915.1m):
_ _ .Lc...-_E.I
Low. f _ ....... <P_.
'ni,..
B.N_ C.,. 11') (PI.
M
III
o,;"....Ji.
._..,.. ..
un.-
IA oM , . - . Il (1912): 1J7_ICZ: _ Cupdo: _ ., . . . . 19. l,
_.1 wioJI. r.-. I". if po;"' c;:.q... -L- '-'U FaoeIa
.... +._lC"C1101~ U._~IH . uW ipiIFAO.e-~
(J'\Mdooo X), 00" s. ~,...-w.U (1-'): UJ-U."
,
chronolop at " - eweIIU pm:.edin& Mel 1llnOI08di., IIle Synod of l)re.3
Much of lhlt wort ba. of COUl'Ie.lIlQuited ecOi ,'~;..uo. of doc IWldlInI
A1IaMwrslIrl chronolo&Y wfliell was ~;Ihcd by E. Scll~ ManIoYer,
die Synod of T)Te, .. well. dlose _ _ wIlld1 boIh peor:ded IJId followed
iu .. _ilia. Iou ,Clnaincd _ 1 l I t enitJuUo:- QlletlioDl - . iii..,
~ _1llIlIlnJ .l)re
..iqIoila'" WIoelIlef or _l!Ie rllllll~
llP'e'"
bceIl o....toobd or ddw" I ..
bildinaor...,.
ad ...., lou abo """'oj..... -.dear. h illlopie(\ lhallhis ........... will be
,odI l wiIbiII " c:ocr-. 01 dlir 1Ddy.
n. p_ijMI clif!kdy wllic:tI ca lIM 10 0 e:: _ .. wriOnt: JIUdy
ofcloe~,op ,+I_olAr' ;"" paIlIapIdoclllllil
. . - wtI, _mmr' aocIerJI ~ ~ ) olllle baIlCIp'" JCl
~tia ill cIoe _ I&I'Id ...,.;.,. ol Ilw. _....... A11:11oaP
A
~.
..,.. lUlly
~.
~isu'
~r I ~' ...
ns~;ad;:.:g;:As~~;
botIl earl)' 1lId~,
oJ;,,_
-...cI1Iu:ir _ _
..
_'_e
'29 Q:w Ouc/oJdll. HI ~ U I. N(;Hf; 19001) _ _, bo GS IV.
'*
~ _.lho
B.w." 1'160. 1\1 ("Zln ~ ..
/19151: 12'I1J7). Allhool&h IIWI)' 'l"'U"- __
FUUIl t..~ _HUlOd "" SdI
p... ........ V.I'tri. ...... 0. Io.....r.
doo to J - ZNWI 24
"'-... '*'-lofJ/
""'"' poi.- 100ft lot-.
_lOll 011
'Aro_',,.,.. _..... .._ f_"'''''''
r. ~- M._).l (I~I): zt.I6: Mar. Lofon. -1M _ .
A. . . . .- ......... --..
. . .dr.- 19 t19$)): "16S6; .., T. D. B _ 10M , """'' ' ' "I
P " _ oriwlj _ or ........ ill ""' .....ww or A. M ..... H~ ".IT/IS. NS
)1 (1916): S76--m.
S,. .. P"'l" of ODld)r looo' j ' .. of
K.o.ep;a. .,.or . ; .. ..
U....~ ........ L'.. ~_ . . ~wMt (.. ~_
~ n. IIcrlio .... I,.o;pda, 1m u:. ), __ >ala . . .
_ . . . . . oflho""'''' _ oM 0.11oo; ; _1IIa
.-... Ir.od __ Iloo.-ll of ..._ ..... ....,. alibi
-"- dL I.......... ; I "" AD:ua _ HIO'" _ _.
Ills been ....... ID wllect ~_lhe 1IU.IleIt.,.,u.;'" a1lnrOfll'llu... eilJoer
_lain or mm:IJ probIble. ",Ilk' 1IIi&bl emllle .. D m ... _ ~
,.aflI es"......
ud ~ picbR ollhe penonalitJ
or IIis Abo. patIio;ular
lien: at AlIIInaslus Ia tlie-'Y
limI hili bII Ii- 10 _ _
upccu: Or Ilia _ n o o . 10 IlIe ~l III 1M. MdeIlaM. 10 Ihe
~ IUmlUllclln, 1M SytlOd. 01 Tyn whil:1l blIe - . ,eceioed
Idr~~f . . . . . Mol 10 _ _ . . . . . . , ~ 1lIs_~
beaI rll1lr ~ irllO ~ A.... ;,1IIOIticI.. TloeIe aoe. 10 _ .
I'cw: Ale.uoDiIIl" iMMI pr.-a afIu die e-nci' 01 ,"au: die
I.,C _umber of MeIelilM _110 pve l,brir Illqlanoe 10 AlJlMuiId
'01110 _ aka: dle siIIlllIr" $ 01 eoma IdalM II) ItIc
10 . 01 111... til AMio:d: Ibe e/lo::t 01* r.-- ~ ......
E(ypliIlI ~ 0Ilb; 1M lid 01 ""- ~ EcP bet ea AD 328
IllCI AD lH;.-I dlol paBibie 11_....... ." ... Of L.-bI """',..
I". Ia OPt 01 tile C(IIl(1I$ed tdiaiou lillOlCioll ill EI)1Il duriIIl
...dna,,;'.' ...,.' ... :; r
!be . . , lei ~"'J thea pMieIolar poiIQ. eapociaU)' 1l:l6 wert oIlU
Bell 01 I ...... hp)orn un_, Ul: bII ll.pJiJhIeCl b)' die. fol.lowiq
alt",aall 01 HMIoIl:
T _ , ~_t 1912, I). ...-p ....... fIl "'" . . " ' - oI .... -.!y,
OpW,', .......... of 1M
ohIooooP
'n'-.I \llo ~ fIl AD 3"nn _
r.. 1lJ"" ~ of Iii larJ!O _
-.......
1'.
of
lop 'M"" TIM ... ..,.... of ' ~ "'~.M.
....... Iidk 10 tloco "'" - - " of 0piD. ;TM 0.. 01 "'" Apai<>sia
. - . Ari_ o f " ' - ' - '- nu, tiS ~ [ltul: W.227).
,
H.I. Bell lIN publls/led the plpyrIIS .. bidllluowt: ....,;hI lwidlilflt Oft
the bchavlDw of Alhanasilll ill hia _: IIloup lIli$ _ publw-cd
nearly ID.I)I yeMf IJO the sisnif_ of it Us noI Jet Junk in
f:..er,wl...... .. It llSlOIlishinl 10 lead dlc..ue:k in TJlE on the Illbjec:t
oI~~ by MuUn Teu...ntu .. _II, .. 1977_ fdld no
~ 01 Ihb clocunIenl, III IJllpDrUDt for 0\Il' atilIIuioll of
Jilt '.' ctIa""...'
ne. coma iaIapoewlu- of l!IiI ~ ill viuUy iftl90nMl 10 __
. .in ' . 01 1M -'Y ~ tl&Il ...dl ......... II will kobiowA
hoWCICl ... die CDnIIl of !his alldy, dill . . JlIIIllant ir.lup ," I wtlir;JI
hu beea &U:jMid by " ' - - ill <Uan "OlD NIl, (llllln, boa IIIllda
_.iI.......
I)~~,,_of_ L)Mddlrity,'
It - ' d be ouweaIisIlc: OI(X 10 ICQ:pI tIoIt lhctc'C!I i" lIlUdI dla iI
~ QV;"ial ~ iIllbe career 01 Al!lIIIl$i.... n;,
_y.IIo.,,,,,. II: ~ iIIlbe hope Ihal by I.eaa-d ....... a;iI 10 !be:
~ -.::a. new""",""'*'ioll oIllle -..at, dIInr;Ier, -.llCtiouol
ltle early """M"a...ill -ae.
.....'M_
~ A Ir 'j' of U' t9t. I io"
II ,o........
....,..,. - .
_ doll IIoIUl ..,.. of
IoU ~ ...... -..<
,.. ,.,..... ill "'""
~ ulllJ ~
---,.,.-1 . . .,. .. _ -11 " b ... ~ ...--
" ............ can-.
.... _ fIl H no'. cb
lior.-., ~' -_.
c.. ell. 2S2. IlL IJ).
~ b_
SECnONI
"''It.L
0-. no. s:.#J If... ';0 Od..... I~ I&.
I .... EMo... _
ScMI/!_ 01 Sctto<-.
H.O. AIM '
~ ,.;.
.w'.
as m. ....... 1959. oi:: <f.
f... IiMir pRlooo . . . . a... . . - I
'SdL..-. ~ In
lo".H.~., ';"'$l"'_Or_~.~I9U.367.
IIs-....aslD. IlL
12 19 ......... of eup. ... s- _
It Coopor. fhaltidt. 4u
'''~I, In:_k..... s-.C~ _ _ ... iJ .
F_e-,.~ .. s.r..-._."i ... ""'T....
19011 <..-..""' T.... 1961), n.
B
-
hoklillJ power 1t ....1 t(lSl, cIcccptioII, and rodIl_ 1Iawe, however, COlI
tribultld and IenI aedtIlot to vc:ry partkular .......1<Priont of Athlna$illl in .........
Z.2 NiN~."e:-v-u-s
WrimI .. IIU, JA Moehler. !be ae.- __ eM"'ir bioI-
...... d. At' . aMkI speaI< .. a ~ ~ _ 01 doc
II<sIlap ...... _ _ dImq dae a- tIL ... 1'O'IdI. au; i.. 1& .-..n.
aUy""" Aft ",'sowa ..... ......,.01.
ea1y f1ioMois11ip widI "-1.
BeJo-d lhiI. ModIlcr. in - u d CGIlJ'Ut D ' - (lama tdIobn/lip,_
wdeM IDfahJ IIld ope. _pasiaI as IIID ~ 01Iloo 01
AdlMaIi... F. r.... ~ " piaun: 01 ........... _chi or powt:r_
IIunwY ~ Mod>lel' lIMeS IlaI.
all l/Ige. .110 lIacI1lloe ................. II> bow Altwnn&'1 wdl loved. 1Iim
.... dlooIc lID wbonl be _ ~ II8d " IQIrhm, .....h_1 III IWn..
He blew how 10 Ift:ll$1lIu lIioe wartII 01 ~ .ad IMl hiply pr!)-
claimed dlIt ...... He *""ed INIdl iJldld~ lor Itum.m. b ..
ftA . . die QR 01 111M _~ -iMs III ~ 011 bitll: be
prden'Cd 10 lUlhlilltt IlIe tJ1Idl wllid !lad t-n .. ~ ill .jlb
faItdooocl. IllCI be !mew -r
_U Ioow 10 dQcon:r ... InIcrior f.w.
conlaine4 ..itllin an alerior DC crmr. When be lIad completely
unduIltIOd I pcnDn" cI>arKl<:l ond I'llOOllnhcd tlllIl the penon WU
inwardly ~ be defended that petIOfl .,.w-..t III t1anclu. &0:. time
!hili hoi wu fllfC(ld lD .... i1l: ago.iul. men 10 whom he ...... loyal. h.
foo,hl their rille principles. buI rduxd lQ &iWl\bdr lIIOI1,",:1
caIJ,
?
_leA. .' '
"d hiAory 0I1be pIlriIrdoIlcs 01 dlr. Eantn dudI wIlidI, lJIIi-
obl1l. III wriIiac "'c:twoU;le oldie ...
01 .... " ... Ne*IOQt;~oI.Mdllild_... _oI~
tundInl ""'Illd !ifth<er1WJ dlu'c/Illisilaraa r-Iudmt: 1M S) ....... 01
PlliIllIlor&i,") as _U all !he ~ Cop6f; ..... Syri& llistorie&. 35 In rEI,
Neale _ able 10 ...u "" 01 almosI all tb8 _ availlbic ID Ihe modem
tIllaldl hblOriln ae-t fioIIllbc men reteQt crilical ediliou (ecqltilll til
IltU'. '-dolo P"PJri 1913-J914. whicll wu ......1:ilabk lIIUillhe 19201).
~ rault of WIlI'tilIt willi JDdIIn3Zriab. Neale rum dlc _ _ lIlC:icIu
..... Ihe ~ modenI 8CX-X- apinst AihlnasiulIO be 'Withoal feat.-
dMJ(:m in tbe .Vllilahle evidence.. 1DstelId, AlhanNIllI is pitnnd &I "'boly
cCllI(cssor,"36 ...1Io has ~justlJ~ claimed "llle m~lllhatriO\lOl plAce &lllOI'lI
!he ConrcslllOfl, and" i. ''known in hi! ChW"Ch by the title ollhe APOSlOlic
Patriarch."3? As ",pnI.IlO ...y r.cgative uiliqlle of lhe bishop of ALe...c1ria.
Neale II only ... illinlto ollte in his chronicle 01 'ella I!IaI ...e M".., JUspccl
IJlII A!huqjul _ not I lIIIJI of 1ll...:11 pllylical CO\II'lIC~ Auonlina: 10
M
!'bk, howe_.lbU IhcNld 001) ad Itt -.0 lldmirc !be pace wille" elUblcd
him 10 Ji...e 10 Iant: -.d .. "OU'-. pmofol nnl _*Yl'.K
A~. ~ laIer, Henry M.",m C; ... tkin _ ..hat_1O
~ Ihe IlaIldarcIIUI ror lIWI) rem (:OIICCmlai'lbe Atian ~,.
A111loudl k is 1101 withal>! ;11 critics. as i. Ihe ~l "'OIl< 01 0"," and
Groll." S/1IJiW of Aria.olIoo. r... published in 1182 {wilJla -=end ~
ClCllllU Ill'" =
do d!o: 0I'aIIll IIllI odilllilJly of Itlt
biIaDp 01 ............ a-tia, ta !be MsiI tiL .... &val. . . . flI Ute
~4\ .m- III llle fllllclooriq: .............
A. . . . . . _ before III dlillll I ..,. ...... wtIok Ii!e __
-..ced. III llin&k purJIOIIe.. If it _1peIIl. ill ~ , .... _ ..
IBCO'I! ~ if 110: ...... 100 eaJily Illibe JlCrieI dd
IliaIIlf l/Ie MIll ".; , ILis ~ II III __ ClC\lIItd by Ihdr
lIrOCioat Ireldlay. M far Ibc r;harze tiL pcrxcution. M: ....... ill
uplicir. <ttnW of lIoa EcJlli.m hi"""
r-... _ qUasI. lbo; Me"';" -.too JCIQk lIlroup EPl:NaiQ 11K
And i t " like ialo _
hiI GWII plcQ fi;w ~ a<ld die _~... tMnlY of Ills d4
- . . . . . . . ., - .oQ
.'! .
;r~...,;I 01 tile COUllciI tiL ... "".arwtria, _ mUll 1I""N""1Ql' die
dlup.1IIlpOOOIS. If we CIlIIId &qet dI 01 hill tioIdI. T)Ie.
_roph bl' ItC. Gre.. lIIId D.E. Gfoh, EM? M ~ v/ow of s.J>"'~
U>ndon ond PlIllodoolpkl.. 1981. Ore" on4 Groll ...,.u: of """'" ... ponm....
l!Io mi" or blu," bo'...... ortb<>do'J ODd .....,., (0 Ihl .. ri",,.,.ol
l>o<mMou1lc of --. pony ""fon mol:iDs judi "" tl). Tloe .~llIot. ~
th.ol ddI 1.1 <lirr. ... 11 .....,.... beer.UlI -Iho , of lllw 01 ArI...lom" is
...... .. ,lit
_ Ott...... c""" pleoo IUl.
01 -.utAka __ MD
0.-.
- .... ~ qalIu' pnciMlJ 1I>Ck. _.....,. ('~ h io .. Iloio oIli>K-."
willi J.M. H _ loN.D. K&1ly
of _lutlll, (33, f 31).
Hotwi_ _ 1q _ ~ . . . . - lIIb60iJnpllic ......01 of ~
~ - . _ 1M Ali.- eam-....,..
f _ Y~ plooe-. Owo4iB',
~ 0{ M ~ ."qti+ "/J II, ...,. t-. - - ' - .. "'"
M., ,(Jf .w. v-. F_ 1'1_ CAN: L ' 1m. )),).
& ... 'ly, Owd:\o.'. dIo ' 10 , . _ . _ _ ,: ....... diN
.,e-t.
_<lI.," _<lI ....... _F.' '''LP.c.~.nus-d
,. .... a.u.- Du<rioo F'W .... 1....
Sro4io:t.,""-'- <-- ,.. ) ........ 19O1I. n,
~ .. <IOtI.w.
~I
0--.
olo.o,-', primory _ '., _ if. OWOlltia.
~..~ L
~'lo.1IIklot, riI. 14.
10........ riI_ n.
"
Yet ~ Ieic DilllUlelltlo-a:Jllury esc"'M,
of tK dwKIer of
Alhrn'l'"",,, br AIdIibaId Rd>r::i ..... biIDop of EI.eIa' Ind ror-
_ _ III ~ Coaqe, DurtIaao..iI. 1M iIIlI'c l few 10 die wriciap of
Ifte . . . . of Akundna I'or'" sa-
UbnrJ of lIa. . . . 'OIH'~
FUwt. tJ/ IIw CIlrlJrIa CA.d. F"1Ql pabllsted .. 1191. it4Ila. . .s
........1I1Wld. ill, . ' QXlllIlic'io....... olSocdr. pIIlIli$lled...,
ti~,..... .....'" AIXOdi"IORubaI:aM,~
H._I"1 lid,
it
/I
dloroaori"- .. DO J. Cab .. "tlio petkl.....
iuoWn doli ~ ..... ~
d .,
~.., r",,_
"
_.
~
~
"Wiled bl' Robensoo bean IiuIe. if uy, __ blancc 11;I tblIl.
COlllcmp<nry Seect., allJoou&b, . . . . boIh _
' InIklq lISe of dle _
AI. *-iI poln!, _ may WClIdu ..tw has QUXd. or KllWty saad:I
bdliDd.lIle daMp ill aaitude .bid! ... I.IIkaI place U RptdJ I/Ie dlInaI:r
of Al/laIwilll in tilt lwealielll CltllWfy. A Iimple. e><planeMr ""&1M be lIuoI
just.1Ile. n i ~ wriIUIwcre c:aplive 10 lIle IOnlC..1la11l)rlLMtic
rdiliowllfld lilelW'y DIe of thU' day, IllClIr. who have fClIla-...d. Socd:: have
boell CIplic 10 the equally tran$itOr)' erilial spirit of lheirl. Allhouglllhis
would "plain 1M m()livWoa. behind. 1M 1_ leU of wrilen, it dt>e:J not
Mly like lIIlo ~ Ibc CfDl'Si_ 01 f>Cw IIlJlOl'lcal _ fNJIor new
"IeIIlodI uJed in tilt i n ~ olllldl Ullal or ~ ID-ws,
In,crpn:lUions, however. by wit vrzy 1IIWn:: lend 10 be IUbjeaivC
nlLller m... objcctlvc ill lheir auetnpted pe=plions. In \be cue 01 AthJna.
liUl.1h.II1Iat re.Allt.ed in lWO aAUSmemslinLerJlRWi(lll.l whkb now IIlarad
.ide by lido. One i.!be Slal>darlI hlllOl')' of AllwIUillt which view. him. ill
lhe main, III bqioJraphical fllute. The Olher il U almost hypercritical
view oJ Adwlulus whicb Ie>\dlIO ~ boIh hiI chnclct IIld conlril-
tioL BOtb. however. clainl eenala IOUn:e ............. cviderloe for IheiJ
~JDiIions.
2J C_ 1I.w....1
111 lIM \aslIWO clcx-wdro _ _ >0 0WMi.. ..;e-.s 0Ilh& ~ .-l.
,..litbililJ 01 AI/qrq;',. Iort<e boca;o;..co by .Ihinlllld _,,*....,
~, lIllCIII 0I11loq1lL SdootIn IIKII I f 1aI~ W. BImInI, frInca
Yf3IIllI. IIldo. ~ SIeId IlIvc rome !O. rme...ed ~ 01
"
Am-wius ill III. or wlllll!leY _ u IliI _y rallll and roibIe.I tbc-
CJlo&ian. bil/lop, MIl biJ\OrilfLS. Anol1ltr ItUIllpk ollhill oenai-.lCbool 01
AIhuulan IWCfieIII !he (lemwlldlolar MWI Tea.. '" _ ~ "Zar
B ~ da "lIMN.- 'I'OIl AIuaIldrien, ooSS T_ caDI b radic:aI
reYisioll 01 tbc crWc:al vft 01 A1JlIJwlus QIeIl .... lIlIen lIalII ap die
... ceuury. He 1hII AltlINIi.. war -.:lIoqlIy ....ocuMd widI
!be iIJriMM _ _ IbM 111M)' ..adenI1l:idIrs ...... carlI(110 ~ - '
dla SCripIIft. -01 per--.l or pol"....' ialri.-, _ be. _ . . . _
DaIIlI _..,.;'" IiIc:Ior ill ..... ='111. _.56
". - . . _.w"' rell.JlliIilIUou or AdlaI\uiu'l _ . . r
..,;w,p ...... bcca lIkaI .. by et/Icn.. .. 1961_ A ... I" I... !
_--
.Is Xi 0. !oJ AcIoku. Tho....;o; l"'~. IooJ .-...I ....,.
.. oDow .... ' ._
_ oIkJrw_ _
......... ,.-"'
.w... ...
~ical _ _ I o ~ Ii _
._~
.. u
""- ~.~ ..... ~ (12S:3l3).- '. . . . . . . """,,w.
"
3. ISSUES IN DlSPU'T1i
-~
y-.: ~ refuslO. RCeat JID:ty bf William Ruc;h in wlliclllle
e.umine$ ....... _Iokb lie Itrinb _ be COI\$\IIIQlIn lhe COUInICIian of
..... hiSlOrical picl,,", of AlIIanlEioas.69 The Wee pIIlicular ,!emS
",1tidI
R~h leu II beln, of imponana:, aIon~ 1M lllhcr ~~ -..:eo for
such IItislcwy. a. LhoM::
1. 1JIe rqIOfU of \he rtflh-centllfY church hlSllxian PhIJollorzius. of
...hleh WI pos_ only frqmenll Incorponled in !be ninth_
eenlUrY Epilo,"", oC P!Iotius:l0
2. London Plpl'fUS 11114, fllllnh-oc:nwry EJyptlan Iemr ..tlich
e:ame 10 li&bl in !be early ,....... LieIh ""'Ill)' and wl:I edilCd......
1IIDUlaI, WId publisbed by It!. lieU In 1924;71
3. kWvll oncion 01 Orelory Naz.iaftwlln ..hlcll the life IltId
rbeolorical ~ d AlhanIshIlIn "'*'Ilzt(lln(\ defended..72
6., .
"JtN.
. ,. _I.. . . _.IDlty_
....,
""
<krc-DrE
7Sk
7'LW
Oir
_ -.
cir~ Sol..
n.._ ..
lll., _ _ ...,.. . . . ~
. . " . dlW ~
.1D1 ...
~1
An. OJ :
. - is
~1ao_.N'
:1 .... " . . . . . . . . . _
t: (Ill:. :,,); I.t; U)
_
tclu_iftl
Ilo'
H~
i
:
witlF.T_
l'
_ .......
1M
1O""""alI E-ita ... .' .....
(Of) _ ~- (f. Y _ "p. ril,)OJ.
-
>I_ius. 871 I'tlOliuI bimItlt describes ~ U in . . roll<>wiq
_ ..
At........................ by I'lIclim falIawI::
'Iq:""... 3-.
12""" .... HE.. n, II (8-.. . cir. 'J2.2J).
13,....
u,'"
lUe pillee mlil AD :Wl.1IIlCl t.b<Il it ...... 1M td>ea 01 !be S}"lOd '"
Andocb.. 15
How Ihca .e _ 10 eYaIuaIe !be .........1 01 Philon:q:i... CI)D.
oeniaa:!be d' roM _ _ Ofdlraa!p 01 A""""'" rnl, we .... ..., lha
die -e<9- 01 Pllibupa _....-. ... wid! die lldlet h' iQ 01
Soa-. IN So. . . . tIID bllIIdred ~.ncr _l:'I'ClU .....
r
.-1 _ baed lIfI(WI ~ - . " y _ . bOued A n . , - . 1 6
Sel d _ _ al lpolha 1M _ _ vlPWololqiu
is c.ly - . ..... _ y -.II ""-. E " M -.I M" _ <atlkIl
_ D Ila.. tIeetI.ndcIy ~ foIowiIl& dle demo 01 Ad 'w Del
wbidI CIIled iu:I qnrim Illc 'O"I1iclilJ 01 ""'_Qt'1 dot.... Illd 0ClUI:0a-
_ II hi*lp vi .. In-'riIL AI" dlalI - . I......"". IlOIlC 0I1llc&
_1Ilcak>i .I.,ee.cilberllaa:a . sa~ __ 0 1 _
or ia .... ~ d=ilL
'The d1arc:h hislOriu SaaueI. usinl. il would Itppcar. _Iy
..dI"ma ..-ialI .. Ilia ~rI "'-.s
ia IllI E:~~H'-7 dial
I IiIorI titne. ilia" dIcir fUlIn r... uile (I.... roUowial NiI;aea), 1be
FIlM"
Wore lumillJ III Allwlasius'. own ac:coont 01 IIi, tJeetion and llfdi
..-.Ion III bisllo::lIl 01 AI.nndri". tl!<:rc .e )'Ct two Olher IIl:l\IJII 6clII:ribiJIJ thil
CY(n/ whlch Ire of inlt~ ond impcrtanc;e.
ThIl rU'$l of tht.sclllll'O iOUtCCS is Orqory Nal:i.-.u:ll'1 oratlorIlft honor
01 Athanul .... CommDnly "'fermd to .. OT~I",1I21.101Lhis~)'ric WU
deU-aod II CortsaMnopte by Gregory at llClmfl POinl bc:tWOCll AD 379111\d
3B1. 10J Allhoo&h Orat;01l 21 contains .. disp~lCd panaat C(lIICemin,
..,. ... ccald we ,.... '; ="", ;" Lha olctioB .. dl&
..... "'AIu-.a. fiMdIis ..... io _ _ ...
,.1', iI...,. "'-ly
......._._Df..
-.. ~ _ .... ~ 0<fUIIfly _ _ ' " ...
..._io,. _Ec7lB-...,..
__ __
pM ........ ' " A.
~""'",", w-. __
M_ ill. ~~ . . . . ,","'
.. ' .Io .. . ' - " - ........i.,
1M" . '.' .fJI_iII. , _~_ .... _
The IeCOad 01 ~ l\WO -.n;u hat its b;a;it i Ccpdc cnI uwliliDa
.. hit~ Ut foancl iIf .... y inlo pzristic: IiIr:nl1lre in tile ApDp/".,,_f.
!'WHo 73)01 A1lhouf;h dill. ezact Drip, Illd d.e cllbe rwnti .... Ia qIIa-
tlCIn II more di/fll;a!t 10 ltICe 1hIn unain of the QtIllI" rail .tOch """'" been
ted above, baIIl the 0DlllICll1 and IIIbject mmcr point to ill beillj Il!lCOl'll of
.. iIo;:lclc.tu ...mctI to<* plaI:e ill EcYPt ~ the .. ' .-'!e
S-1dIolIn.. v. T'w<mey. I\aYe aJu&Id to let. dIIe Jliablly.ner die
of AtIlaasiuI.
lkadt of ~ (AD mj far dIit leU, a!'",1lliI 11 ~ _ _
TIley 1E..c_ Ille Fncbi_1 prejDdic.ed llle E.paor ...... kiln Ii.....
A... '1111;.,. fro. lily dw I _ willi o-cik; a t . ' -
IIRmbiod T)re; IIld III d1is dIr Ibcy . - . _ III __ ..... _ .
MIl _10 H J '4 lila 1lley IMllIiIId r.II willi 1m Ipp"'i-_ III
....
YiIifJ1IIiI_ dloi .
lIa.coa. 1lIoe 'O'UJ ....
..
Ille Fphonpw ~ ~ _ _ of ..., tlleire-iry S'ld ~
dlllira,~~~~~::tj:"~.: :':CI:..:.b
'
dle de (Mp;a ol1berdly
wt1id111lley _ _ . . . . . lIcI
bal CllIIYicIIheiI" f(nDCr _ I I of beinl hbr"oadl, alId. IIIC:I'e
alIlSpiUq apiIrI hinl. Ale Ille, Ia)'. dw "afIa' Ille delIIh of Bisilop
,,""....... a ecrulJI kw1laYilla muililwoCld Ille _ at At .zz,.,;..
01" _ 8isbclp1 declallIim dr' . If .. a _ ptaa::'" .-I dtis
...... lhey ...- 10 Ille EmpaOlS, 1Iavia& Il(l PUjlIoI about IAICfIiII&
die tmlLe$l ral...baacls No-.. Iha1 Ille "'1laIa lIIuJtilude CIII all IlIe
people ofllle Ca&haIie Cburtb (6 Mods" rill" .... /iIlW.on1r Iw",nr)
wembkd ~ .. wid! 0Ile lIIiztc1l11d body'" erial..... , ....
AdlanasU shau&d. be Bishop olllle.. Outctt. IIlIde Ill.. IIle 1IIbja:1 (II
1lIeir plbllc pnlrm 10 ChrisI, and COIIjnred 111111 gran it for man, ~)'S
and IIigbts. neilher <leparlinl themsel_ from lhe Church. nor sulTerlnl
us tel lIcIlO: of IIllllit we . . witnusel, Ind 10 il tbc wbola cily. and
tile province 100. NO!. MlIll did they JjlCIt apinsI hilll. IS Ihcse
petDIJ ~lIIIcI, tNl gavc him 1lle IIlO'lll1OClJenIlitles lbey coulcl
devl.c&. ,.1Iinl him lloocl, pIoul, Christian. In ascellc. a lletl~ine
Bithop. ArKIlhlllle ...as e1c:c\elll by. majority (...... Iowrj of(lUl" body
ia tile lighl IDIl willi KCIamatiIIIIs af aU Ihe people. . . woo e1cdecl
him abo lC:IIiry. "'00 arc rurdy lDOJe CIIIcIibk w i _ ItIaA lhca
who _ lIOI P"*ftI, mel _1jlIaId Ibae talle _ I U
It is PDl$iblc IhIl iI .... this illcident .-hldI CoftAanaiae Ud ill mind wbm
wrilillllO'" pellIIk of AJeuMril in AD 331.332. 111 Conmmi. JlIWI
IhK A. . . . . ." -us ....-ecl befofo Iriln. _p'mint IhaI -.a ..
c. II 100 old; saA .. _ II ~ 11: 1Ile offici !ltQ,p ID 1M:; ill is ....
ID - . .o.:e it II tIteII ....y 6uIl bini. I wiD p i I _ III ........y iii*,
. . II-. I riI . . . ._ wi\.II .y po"'Cf 10'" w.,-Ut
....... 10 dll:Ie ~ _.., Ill
0-..-',
lid dIl:iilioo _.,. j r p 1 of1lle
_ ...... ...., lhM "'lXirs!A .;.., _.01 is IDe _ ~ of
1I11~i<I.
II'A,.I. 61.62, die uri Uclnt ot AD"2 I'.d....... f rloio
\."-' (/. 0pitL 1.1, _ 2 , TIob it. - . . - ......,. _Ii. 6atiq
..... AD Dol. _hOok iii ...uOOll<lll by '.R.
ColooMo.",_ _ . _ s...." _
C~ c~ .., u..-.. lll66.ll'l.
1I9A,<>I. 62,' (Opim. \.2"): EII1dI ....... uqp,.,.. ciI.. 133:
..........iIi ooSoSod, ........ 01 A........... 1M Ii_ of 1Ilo " ....
~
Alb
'" ... "" 1_ of _ . . . , . A. hi..... _
:" ...,. Ir-.l ...... bIaI,...."... _ "'" c
"'" ""i,' ....
. . . . . ot <hirf)' (willi
m _ II "" f)'IOd 01 t'o. ... '1I(3:lO .... !If, . h 01_ ... fa<
"" . . .; II) in -....._ ot'" Maioifolo,-.,.. clI.. n'I: c/. -A... oripa
... I' lito oopM: L. ~ ot If ......1= .. ,.' i ' _ EQpoc
(!"... V" ._~ Ia _ ... ', !OJ ij (1"11: 3S-S6,.oIoo IIy A. Iobrlioo..
A10I 01 ~
;" OJ!, H=( ' .. -I n-.
LN..........' ( of . . H'-M
.:tIec!_. '"
p<>iIf 01 ,,_ _ "'" ""' . . . oIllb
do
1&Jef!".sJpda.- Gorlok 2 (I_I:
_ . ot ..... =.=..,
.
~ ~
t
odIln. lIlM tile IJIWD wlar:br "'" bishop al le.......... ekalId IDd
_ _Ied by lIl& AIc.uAdriuI poeIbyIus lei aslock 0Il1y '"wtlcoI
AlllIIuIi-. deIICllII III ...... awW. ...' . . ;. tile w-.w oJ SI..
Mlrt,.1%2 ~ ID Tdfer iI . . 0IlIy a raak alibi: rc.dt.- of
Ihe 0--;1 01 N.QaoI%J Iba dlis c:t.q,: a.e . . . . . III IIld .... _ _
in. . . prcbUili/J 1I1!R111le oW _ . . "",",""IWbecI...-a " ' - '
dIM A'r dle 1m AIt........;... JIlIP" II) lab off_ widIooII: . .
impolllion alii epixopaI Unds .-1 d..a _ order came in widI
A1UuJi.... -I~ Wrilin&"" similar _leU in 1955. Telrel" lIpiD_
lhal. '"lIDliI Kae&. Eosxl- ideal Oft jo! 1...: ! __ poclItiiIr" all
lUI Mafter Nic.M:I lllom is Ml re-. ID ~ ~ ortloocloa ED'fII
avpcrilllpoled .... requirmooma al_ N"1CaIe e- .. dle lndiliolW
EIYJllia ptIllenI in thea Ill3UeI1-115
Telfer's view hi been 1ICOeple4-.d <IChoedby H. NordberJ...110. In "
IIlOIlOi"Illh publishe(l ill 1963, scalCld that ..... ben BiI/Iop AieJ<ancItf dim. be
bad "!reIdy rude arralllC"""'lI in t_ respecu for lhe dcaion 01 bil
.........qor. F'lI'Stly. he bad !be eleaion pnxedllRl chInJed, .. dIM Ibl:
Atd~ .... 110 lonp:r ro be cllolen by IIld within ltoc ~ler'
collqium in Alcundri., bill jointly by the Blshop.l of a1llhe ccderiuck.1
prOYlnccl,"llS Nordberj is of ,he opinion Wllhll chana' was mille
"mainly In vlew olllle Mcletiam," .... hom be bdic"llI wCft\ sellO Uftllllc.
_.
CJ. HtI.t.. A Hill.., tJf ... C
Ediooloot.... Ii'll
ot ... _
IUrott.. ""E~ S
1,311. It. _
.-oIA1u.
,t'l
IUr..... "1W
...~."". N ' .. ~.t
__
f
-._.........
.t l, I r - .. <it.., 236. U'I.
c
xxx. 3. H...iftI:i..&lfi:qfon. 1963. 17. It M_
n
c "')'
" . , . . . ." " . . . . . . ' " ......= r i M . .
.......
_
C
no.
~
'""",-,.
_
r.. Iloi:o ==6 . ;
i
, ,.
t.
"I ly ............
_ _ k ...... il
r- drlo _ '"
..,. Ginnltt 11.__"""""....... 3f). ;. . . . . '"
, , rhl po ..' Pw (aloCoI. cit. n. )IIt). no.
- , .... ooIIIor p>iMo _ ( .ad), .. _1iIool7 . . - "'
.......
.....
_
- -.
.... I f
'
w . . , _ I U604
7io _ _ of _ _,_..,-nIoo
l!oII MelcWn bIslIop ......ed JoIuI AIdIIpI .... pIOIpOCti rilJlu 10 ..... III
W A"'andriI rollo'nl& IK deal), 01 Ale..undtr \lte. IUlIIlI 01 ..
...- !"'wUII()wwt..jgc~lheu-oINe-.I" b-.d.
_ dIM -rdler', ;"'0" ~ will _ bear crilicaI iD.w:aip.
.x. RSIinI It does. mailllJ OIl DlIII;.c_ <ahef IbM _penry "'-
o-:e.1'" BamInl ckx&, .... we.... _10 roDo.TeJta _l'bdbo:l oal
.-ber at CIIIwIr poiIu,' "~q lila ollbe IlH:IIkd _ ' 10 .M. ~
~ _ . " .'IO _ _ dI'aa.lhe . . . olA... ' .
a.r-.t c::o-....... llIIt -A lid_ he dild.1Iladc...
AtM-";"""1 e""'*'- _ rgr Ihc d' 'Ptl oIlIle ~ l ~ oU'
-q: b'
1~._.riI.
'n.u.,'t(.Telfa,-rr' .ooJsU<U......- . dl,.6,l.
l'IQoooMod "" Ie..".., ,iI~ 1)7\).; e.~Ioi. ~ p(J Ill.......
,1:2.
'.'lCMIp. .
dr. 13
"0Qy.o_ OI)lkI . . 1' ,.tri .. -. ,... r.ir__ ~ ..idI ...
_1 et.Ie II> Alu_;".., ...,. ~. cit. m. '7). TOlIf.... lao: 0 .
...... <II Old, Do;. ......... _ F 1 IoJ AIu.~("Fpi pal
5' - - <it. 1). C/. KuIp, ._ 1:W. u.
.. ISlT"'f.... ~F,.. ; to 5
" "'lor.If. ('"Fl
L"'. I ...... ..,.,..
,;""... til. ..1; ~ ._ <if. 132-
"'_ - - . q. 1:_._.. .
r.- ....... _s.-- _ _
15]~ ... C'fI 1)(,
131.
.-y
1)6,.....
15s-r_, ....1 pol s.-...... <iI. II.
U6.......
U7~ d.l]6.
15'~ rio- 12&. 129.
1J9&:a.p, d~ U9.
1601lIU.
161 .. _ _ ....."
UIJIVWi~f <ffH HJ,p
~~!n ~h~:~J'l~w~~~r;alfH'l{ I!,HI.
~lill' ~
~'l [
It H'~'f"'[ll" Cjl'th:l~ l~n ~ ..
! l'.t
:I! ~I ~~'r8 . rllrl .' If! i-iil~ ~lll 111,. I, ~ I il
i Ji'
)0
beioI. -=.-.:1 II ThoopIttlUl I66 &fld rouo. Ihl: ......... or Gore IiIIt
Pw_ _ u-Iy I well maHjstw! ~ \Ir"" A.D '''.lt1 T1le
alI;cr;t or eMion -'4, lkitkft, _ Iitdr be cilllef A1hr.
01_ I N' ". Pte. Fn:n . . .u...:.01~ill 1lIS_",
die _ ' . Tdfer lkpet 01..0 ..... WI dla ...
dllbQtql"ll..-l ,eiocd ordiIlIlicla ffOIII plab,ItlS.-16 nil YEw, ......
_.doesROl U4 iPlo 'ftIlllcS,nx oasiDn 01 .. ..,. wf\idI5PCib
oIlhc~or AJe iDlhe,...I" de:Irly~IIle
anin udllnp k:tUir::ll ~ ill 110 U . . K:Cqlt Gore',
dull 01 AD m ror Illis rlarY. it an IiItd)' _ ... pIIIllllK or
dlolilander _1WOf"Old. FiI1l. itflU)' hae baeII _110 CUI aspeqionl on
tile mclllOl')' or Athanasiar. who had only ~tly died In AD 373. Itld
Mcond, itlllay bric IlJII&hlIO CI1I inIo 'I.QClIGI the vlliltity or arden COlI'
femd by A",aP'$ wl1il:. _Cll oporrQ'o'C ill 0I'lh0d0a E(ypt. AIlhouP
Ihl: ICOrJ _, a.c IIId it! ariaiN ill tloc _ tIirlaM partcooce..... 1be p.
c1CIII method or IppOinIinf bUhopr or Alculldria. it Ippeaq rrtm tile eY{.
delICt that tlle..., ..u no basi' in fact 10 opply IUCb IUur 10 L1Ie memory of
A1lIanarIus.
Ftom III or L1Ie abo'o'C we may 00I1Ia 10 cenaUt reo_lbl$ QOnI;lusloos
conc:alIiIIt IhoI ~ Dr Lhe ple-Atharwlan COII-oon pnctica of Lhe
cllurtb 01 AIcunOria. TM rlfSt COIICluslon II tlIat Tdfcr', iqoenio\lr Ie-
COIIllNCtionr _unablc LO be maintained Itf'I<kr Kemp'. c.....,M ICt\ltitly.
belnt bued upon eiLher lIIVcliable ...filUi far fl:fI'lD\IDlI in ~mc rrom the
tCftU bela, 0lIllfid=d or IlpOII "Cf}' dti... UId Illghly dirpulcd pa<Uiu
rron. ..IR ~ - . Sc:t::PId, we may fllld 611>11 willi the _
_m
- <>1_11.
," II' V IfIMH""F_ <i'~ ..l ..
-......,(l.
--.-_
. ",..
Ai7'7 jel
""AiM 7 : elA'" 7io
7..-
....,I_
__
'lib
.,hilL- Ct.
C' , ..
..........
about OIlly afIet !he cadi of AJeunder lind dllrillllhc aubaoquen, ekclirxl of
..,...:e ol e-.
IU)''' die
_!!dill. A,....,,-,_
ao...k4p 01 eiIller Ibe attul t-.-:tI 01 . , ~ dourdI Of IIIe
dIe,1etlioa 01 A*
foacI ilI_
',. Siolli!utT, we
73 ia ill pRlpI:f
.......' .,. via" AriIllIlalld 1Udio per'. *no uc- -era folk
len tu
.....,
III as IIlOlie I ca1<
1lIIt.,.
q.-bl 01_ 'IIlicliIr 01 ~
onkrs 'OItIldIllid Ibtit toun::e ia dle ,{ ,ol
w. -.y. It due. ""'~.... ~ wtIidl..,
ele"" ol AlIlInIsIu 10 Ibe IlIrooIe of SL MIlt llId
.Iius.
un:ulCled !be
w ' -__ ..
t
"'Of'"
1.1.1 <lIf4 1..",...,- /tIttItQds of e-trOli<M IINJ CIIItOItiaJI
If.tIIisIl1Io <lIf4 CI<vf'r=i<M all~ C_iJ of ~~_ T1IiI is-... follows: 11K!
iI ~ ... itll, Illt ql'eSlion ollbe pre-AUlIllIIian COIII<UIlion jla:tit:e.I
of the clIlIIth or AUandrilat 0Ul IboYe. T1III polnI I I . diIoctlr rclau:d
10 lbe KCoynl of AtIl.,uiYI1 elecaion IIlCl ordinali"", provi4ed br
Pbiloslorlilllln Ills EultJiasliJ;QI Him"l,l12
h, the ~ of ~Venll of Antioch, I 1i11ll0(:1I:I\1I11)' MonopII)'Iitc
biJlqI 0I1!Ial-. PlISAit- bas como 10 lijIIl 1lIlIlclIlmpliellhlll'ft'lbyle-
rial eon-.ioa oonlinued in AlelUIIlC~la ylIIil IIIe time of the Council 01
N'1C:al:l. In the COIlf1C of 1/1 arpmeIII dial old ~ " r IlOl be rcuintd
followillllaler J)'IIOclIl deaeeI. Se_ _ )S.
on. biIhop abo ol1lle cilY. lellOWlltd for ill ol\loodoo faidl. ollbe
AIe..a.IoUiaeI wlllia old tae.1IJIPOOn1Qt bJ prab)1cn: buI in lIlOdl:n
tiInaI in ICCOIlillac wiLllllleQliOll ...1lidI1Iu pR:VIiJed '.ur.....'" IIIe
...",... insti~ of Iheir bishop perfOl'l'lllld bJ I! I : an:! DO oae
mate.lilbl ofhaccwue plClice 1M! ~ in lbe holy d1o:rd1es
17'llr.u.......
.
", '. l)\l.
17'T...r. -MalotI... of L~
pol s ;",
W
w
"". 'II. ..
rir. :D7.
rir. n.
\lOa., - - . ... _. ... ...... _ el. cll-&- " -
~ 10 '1" $ el . - . . ric- Ia Alu_ _ (I......... _
. . . 01 N..... _ l><~ 1'" - ..... 01 ~). T<lf.. II
~ """"" i 10 _ _ ..jIo<Ied . . - - , . '"
.. I t "'_ ~ "'''-* by....,. .. ..IoM
_
; oljo 1'aOo"_cl..-ioo .. _ " ' "'.... ......
_lIuocl II,- 1M _ II" F cl C- INa, .. 1"1
t witlI lie I I
01 "...,.,. o-..rl. _ 1<tloo4. .. wloido _...., -PwM- """ .....
,.., I'aon 1M -k' I e-.a _ _ I r
S- e-iiclN o. T r-,.,..
boat. """ .nor "'" .......... e - aL NiI:_ A+..... _ II,- lie
r._.
a7pl;-.....,... _ .. _ ao.u 01 mot.- ..,
0.. '
~
- (TIorCAwdo4/u,'-' _ _ C_.Ner-,.D<-*._
'"
1m. JO; ~ - . . , ..... __ . - . T<IJ.. _ . ~
.,
It is CD I/IId I doIc:re:um1naioo or bollIlhe oonwnMd lk inl<:nl
or foun/l_ i$ ~~ The founll CIIlOIl or JIlic8ea '-. follows:
A bisbop 1lIoul4 II\Oil eenaialy be clIMca (no.'"'"......) by alilbe
0lIl [hisIqlIJ of the province (, ....p,rl.). But if 1lli5 poJeI a
dirn.:.tly. d..lIfprIt Ileed. 0' hr". or the IenclIl of l!Ie
I
.Jour-ey," Ill'" three I'b'*Jps) 1Ul1_1II_1*ce. Md willi
Ihe _ or IIao: ~ briI'I tIoee- ., ....$
d ill wrilirt&. l!Iey
PaD jOWO\:tQllO "'" ,.... ~ ." nr.llCIllf"rtulica 01
wbat hal bectI doole.. bowe_.
bel"" ill ad! fII'O"ina: '" 1M
lKrllpCIliula ~q,p=::ollyv)"'l
(...........)_-'"..-..,._._7.
;. I _ir.. _ .
IUn.. I'M! - . . . . .
Similuly..... IMiotII n,"'"
'n _ _ Itiq lMoIoctlooIlIld M
of .... _ ...... or A.oli.o.
_
of bioIoopo wIoido . . . .nee..... NI<... _ '" 100 ~ 1IIIirol, ;. I
d1_ of -""<io r- dol joiM ootrrea- 01 " . , IIld .....".., '"
... "'. . . 0I ... ~ 0 I ............~te-4). 0 - _ - " ' _.
w... _ _ ........ _I' ....... _ _
_.
. . . . jolM_... oI
- .....
It\ ~ otpoeiolIy io !':or. _ I' :.... ! " ' " ' po;.,
--.. .
_H...... T,.C-. c....ril.~AD,.J,:At ' .......
,_......
E.l)'lN ';
..1Iloo"'_,.-
.,c_'-,OJonI,lm~ ... io ....... _ .
-..--,......."" ... __ (,..,..; ,.'; $0 _ ~-
_
...,.
(TIoo ~aPG< T'l>dili<wo.lll. \.2, 04. O. DiI, Loood<>ft, 1961.2,'1. n..-.a
III "i~
"'" _r-
bo '" . . . _ UrnpcllUDl
b '" o.Iy '-"'1
, . - 'b"M'
'
ir .. rIC
01 S)'rio ..., EQpo
( do., ,. lao l1li)' ~ _ _ - . . 0;.. fII ... m1......... c. lID
2U (op o.uoil) ...... _ _
..... ~ ::"t..;.!<lrud-
is"'" -&10""'" ~ T..-- ..
.. 01 ~_01 PO--', ',..
md. : :of....:.~ ~
I"H_. 109.'
(Moo&. <iI~ 153).
I"H~ AcopM:o V (I.Nl'f _ _ ............. ~ " " " ' _
.'.'_.'.'." ... ,.,.. cf. "'t.. P ' . IikIoo .. ".. . I 1 . . . . ' No.-
. _ 4u.iMI# ...,"";6.. lO (I!IIW): 212, 211. "' . . _ of lIlio.-
_-W~ .. """ ofA.C_an,"'I _ _
... 11 _ _ .. IIoo ..r.
I""',
t
U.
1",,,' ' ..
H_ 6-
ItltJ ....,. <iI~ II; Ginrioc, ...... S6.: .......... -r- - ..
. riI~ l46. AM cf. .. .... . .. " ' - 1)01.
199Philao.....- . ciII.
.
1111 im~11O _dill. apa'l fionI ~ 110 odla allllll ........
eidlo' ~ or 0UII"i&hll1 _ _ ~ ... of violotiq \his ~
CIrlOl\. We...,. ~ SlIIt 1tleIe boen. '*"
ilIl"loc:l fOr..,h. _
ca, ftre -ad hawe bel:JI yOil ~ OM t IO~'" no wouk1
_ have betII ~ ill lk a. 10 . . u:lI. dIIrp!.
In 4eaIinr 1rilh llledisc:i;*y ~oI"'lowUI_olNicKa.
iI woald _ re tbIr to follow I!lC judp I I of Hade. lllM -Mdeli..
.... ~1 lbe occac. ol dlIl c:a-. -100 It II III ... MelctiIa
;,,01_ .. tlle "K111ed a" n ~ _ _ of ".,._,;"" dW we ..lSI
_ ..... __ , i .. I dlird ltifflcoll)' .............. lbc olllle
_ _ oIADl2I.
""""n"'"
liJ, . . . ..,
10 complain Iboou 1Ile IICllons 01 Mel i'" ol Lrcqx>-
bbbop who Mol l'l:p1Iced ApoIlDnl.. tLL~ wbo
hid ,popKmd,20J The lour prisoner bilhopt;. HQyd!i... hchcmius.
bad.,
-
tIlt 7 iRIenIiooI ol bratiaa ..... wilk 1Iia,- ne Ic:llco' wouI4
-... 10 be bellI:f .duAood - - . whidlllad .n.. _ olll'llOlbled
I>Inla dIiiI period we Ire ......... U 10 !he. CQCt ........, . . tJI Pt:ler.
111I biIkIp ot A\r....t\l. W.m- it _ ~ 10 plxe tilt birIIIql
.Ik:: .,;u Eppc c. tlle . . ciCada V _ LX _ t'wdler qaes
1llJf. Wol:Iecios .,.!lim. . lUI disrNric anti,.... olp_,ltu. jed r I
_ . . . , lsidlft IIld ~ --.:I Arias. _ dariq iIapi , (tIoe
;;;,;;;.; w\cw). but dllriq ;...;0.. of Ak...... .tIrft ..... "".
CDIIIU..uealelt _ _ pratJ, loyal 10 ~ ",,110 _ _ ill ~.107
W\Ia Pna .... int0nae4 01 Ibil 1(* .. _ Icucr 10 his IJoo;t ia-
SlnEliq IbenI 10 hold Meletiu _"""*- For W~ thudore.
Ihe ~ ollbe. KbisnllIIIlO do willi IlnIJPe _ ~ QrC II'Id 16-
III.inisuIIioII 01 1M dlwdI in \oolcr El)'lll dllriat 1M Umr. ill wllidl YOid
'*' ~ QUIecl-iac 10 IIle anatolltap lIWlIbIw at biIbopIllld 1M left-
ewve bold 01 Ptw:r upoa AJexanc.-ia. III aadllll lnwp"'UQOIII of c - .
MelelinslUld be_ u AmpltOlle wllotetp'"Mrd 101 need Irisini OUIof
~ lI'od ... bOIe mOO_ were u1lima1e1r mllunclcn&ood..
Willllml'. teC(lIl$tIllClion doet teem pla\lSlbLe 11m! the c~iden<:c
""hll:II it pruenltd.ll\loou.ih it d~y ClOnIJ'adielllhe ICClIltDCC of _II and
cilalnls_.iven by Epip/lallilll. ...110 molt likely deriYed hill malaial cIi
1IlCII, from Mclellan ~ 203 AOOOrCli"l1O EpiphaDi.... 1hc iIIitill Ida-
~"~
"!IOrI'n "-H' : :4i3 :<1'-1 '6U 'tlIdol '" """l'~""'ltlt
1. US 'R. 00 tt"'f7"by "'I'l'tlt
11..,l (II .,~ . 'ofaH ",",_...-.."pOltp
qlacopp . . . . . . ., - ~ 'Pm I!p", _ .... JO ",1ont "Ullt
."~,,, ---m!Jl\on
"tot "'J . - 'bfIR
11'rolf.
111IW,
")4_.
11S...,.,"..w.- ...... 1oWIo!loM,-.,. ""_ 46-oW.
el LJ"'DjIOl;o,".,."_ m.
-" ........
iood.ed ... ~ willUa doe. ~ dlarct., for AT' _4 ... aI-
rady ill JI'
~~_;:
of dle - . . dliI tilDe - ' -w ..... 1lIId II) qrce 10 Illy
"m... q:ree.idlLW.8amInl_Ttlfcr'.-~
. _..Iioa will _ bear aitit:aI ifI~ ~ ... does, ........ y
(WI eGIljecun rJtW;r daP QlIltemponr)' evidclIee. .ofll For Tcl!c:r.1bo:
"ri(tG- of Jolm ollrkmp!ris Ire inwric::IbIy 1Mbld.,j.. It.- of MdeIia.
~ lkleIlbe - - . . 11..,.
\lilIQ. 1Ioe:tc&wc. die rWSl ~ bill .... die parIIR of eoidm:e.. 10
alIo be - S _ die P'u- wtlidI foIIooooI
the _ _ of JofIn of Mtcpbis ill Ihc: .reYi(u~ J,idMj b lIy JIO .......
QOIIIC:Iusive. To be "Iftwd ".Mwrls- np4 ~ z!:f1lAiwt'
~r....
~ '"'" dp"'....owdroof" is w:ry PIlbipousll1la&. ~'I
rolMIeftl, followlnl Newmu.. is ~ 1M -.-eIlbisIlop- Idmtd 10 IIcre i:I
Mek:UlI$ CUI !be _ _ that he. wu Ille -nm- i. preemi_ _ tbc
Mdel;,n biJbopl) and tIw IIliI -IJ lbc Ani oo;clllTUQl oltlle wool"
tJpX'nnft6lfOv, it dQe.s IIOt ~ iw lloter "flied _,-223 He (lUther
co-_
cau. "-'0'0 !he rliht 10 puticipale in IIliI election7"12'l FIOnl!he ewil:lcnce of
S~. wbo. IIOCCInIlni III Mania, ~tJlc'w YU'J -ell the
Wu Me.IetiIIl ......." ...;.., ~ is lillie. obItIlllla the "MdiIns ...-1
R
of Ooe"
l~.
216
"Nt . . ,_'lwf:; ... 13.
~s...o HM<o, R dr. 401. Opi... _ 1 .. _ _ ....
10100 I t .. io_~1bo_ol M' '= btooli_
...,.' ,.,. boJ-dRf AJ b '0" t
$;.:0 !he tyo ..... di<!,,-, 10 Ia tiDdly. for III JlrIa jusUcIl lie
worthy at ll:niency, it _ docreed iIlII MeIeciuJ Il!nuld IIlIIIIIiD
..... not
in hi. o...n city and lIl.Il ~ would bal'<l no .uthoril)' lD ..w
.ppoi.IItalClIU (ttpO,"(<P(Eotitu) or lD lay Ollllanda Wlpo'ndorj or
lD appear ia IllY cily or village for 1lIClI. ~ 1M IhouId JlI>DCIS
OIIly Ille tiUe ot iii, rant. bilbop. 1lIoIc who bIooe aa-dy bc:ea
~ b7 _ , atlel- they u... ' - coM..... b7. _ aaaecI
...,inH ' " (jLocm.all'r",oa ,"(~l.., 011 . . d!iI '0 . N "
bc; . . .;oW 10 fdlow*ip IIId have dlelr .... ..:II 1M: ~ to
H~ _
1"1.."". . ' ..
~.,
".cr-"- (...
SdIrOo. ..... e-.iI.~"Sd
DonI< Ibbo~ C b'dI..
.._.
1f71, jI,
"'-
U7........ rill!.l. na.
ToM.', -,. i ,.. risb" _.
.., 100 4 _ _ . . , ...
of
. rt4...:... L; $ ' ..- riI. DS)
loa .............. . . .
.................... .......,.
of~""'"
"' ..4
7
_ _...,.
- -
_s
_ be IUIpliIed IIw il .... mID the lhinl year bdln IIoe was allIc 10
PRIe'" 10 Ale.undcr !be .. bole campany of pmon:I 10 be ~kd
and 10 bcndit under Ille of d>e S)'ftOlIaIIel\a".:l:S1
24'1.1<1,
2.7 Hor. , . c;", 'II, 3a1i.
_t..
241"",,, "". N . 3...
u~v.. Iyn. fro. no.
2500rD. B..... ~..- lho-C"'-k" of J_ _ _ _ ... final
_ '" .... e-:u 01 H;e.. __ .... ~ .. :l:S I,"" AD 32S of 1h&
i t. Ii., ...... ....,;a, __ .. 1 _ I", r.-..u
,,; ..- Ioof_ . . Ioi&loopo i lI:<I le.,o .... _ E
1 219). TIoio
_ .... fm to _ io. VC l.
I~II. TIoo c.,c;. _ . _ _.
""""'bo<.
?
. . . . . . . _. ::_ :
.. In ' . . "..... .,;, _ _ .ot _ ...... -lr"_Goo
. , . . . . . _ ; " ; " " ,",,"I!l&da:.' <11me:-. it ' . . . . . .,
....... ' _Iolo ....... rn.. .. - ' L _ ... Ideo _ . . ..,. L
V.- _ "Mkoo.o o5ooalo _ . . " ...... "'hri. ,..... .... _.,
EiC:_ilio_t-eihol
~<II.
",-o " ; ' S ..
el
......._ fIl _ _~ r""- ...... tl ' . w...- JDJ, lIS 31, 1
1"'1: m._ ,....<- ~ L.
. ..
IAfril 1.51,_,,_
~ , ~-- );
r -
~ .
"
II <oOUl6 lfRICa' lIIaI tIlis process crc:ated JO _y dimeultict and sucb d:.
wlbance IlIaa lbc Usll': once Qlin l!ImMened I!Ie peace of I!Ie E&)'IlIiaa
cl..udL Eutebi.. is vt:rJ dr.-lbat lhedirrotultic:s -..bidl aIII1Il:lCd k _
t;o;. oIc:er-ine ariel" Ibe ead dille Council of Nae. _ spec:ifally
gypliIll in lIleir origlD.ZS2 1k bl'P"'b esir IhIIllltis inOlYcd. f8II KalIlII
lICaioII oIdlt; 0lunciI of NDca, as I oilNMt ..., poitMecI OUI, P ..... y
_ prob!eIIllI \lLan it 1Ol-.a.253 00 Ibe otber balod. 10 'l'iew
~rytlOd" Mply. a nleeli<I, of !he EmJtiM cktJy. aIoq wilh perbIpI
Eutebi.'.
otber eludlleaclm., at whiclI Ccrstrtjpr bn;lupt biI ~ 10 bear lIpOIl
IhB 1*1;0 i1'" and R poe a 'M' ';'11 10 !be dtt;ncs oIllle CIDUAcir would
help to "plain lbcJOiik,~ mrdJ and arUoed """;';':' of the Melcam
ilW) lhe..-sot lhe EoPIian cloD'.lSo4 11liIllWlNla; aDd rJnlll '-rinion
doolIlJIPeIr 10 Ilaoe IUm pIa::c ia Ihe lXIrlIat 01. Of inullediaIdy _
lqe IIIUla otitic c1cr&Y. for Alhanasius _lballbole individlals lisIm
in Ihe B,rNrri_ M~lj~y-eiPtbis!lops, rour preI~'" three
<bcoo J wen: IClalIIly .. IIICd in pc:nrlIIlO AIeunder by Mektius.155
AJlhou&lI e8CIl side ....,. bve beeII p"""wIrd b7 CorI-.uJx ID MXICpIIbc a:.-
cords ICIdltd at Nicaea. .... lber party ........ 10 hDe been pleu:d widllbc ..-
~nt wbic~ Ippean 10 have been cmchKkd duri",1!Ie Iasl few monchs
of AD 327.~ Wi!hin leu than fl"" months of lhe OOllclusion of Ibis $d.
tlemellt. Alennda ..... dead and M<lclilll had abo di~ fmm the
$UIIe, probably dyina within. shor1lime .. wcll.ll7
A.Ie.oandu of AIe:undria died 011 17 April AD 328. just three days afler
Eastel'.25a Ephiphanius informs"", thai Alexander hid chosen ALhanasillll as
his s~sor,. n:port which would be congruGU' wilh Alexandrian tradition
232E;o....... VC 3. 23.
253L.uiblolid., .... cu.. 114.
lS4~ It><. cil.
2J5 A,.w. 72 (Opitz, lSi. 10).
156.... _ - . ..... Alu.m..-<JI A.Iu. . . . dlod 17 April AD321-.
d>o .. idoQoo oflho F_Ifftkl< (Ro' loNPl'. - . d "'OI. ~, ...
lAnoow. Fuo.riq._~i1 . 26, 21), y ~ lhoo ""'" of _
ti"<Ml ,. _.", by - . . i q bod: fi"" _ '" "'" ~ I"'fli- or AD 321.
2H",oJ. 59 (Opiu. 139. 1~.16). n.. _ _, or ~ "'"'
~ loMl ..... boforc "'" e-.til 01 N"-.. (11_. 61, _ OOftOiloly 100
="".
4;
~
"I
AJu_" _
... "" "'" -.11I 01 1M ....
10
.. oklo>t.iP ~ ...
(Apo>L 72). Tho _
n<>..
pbaM 01_
\>y "'_ _ 110 P
elm '" M _ , _
C =f):+ _..e.io:lI
io
1 !lis
~
_'I UIH_. 'oe, cll.; II . - _
1 _ ...
el
on... ..,....
r"", 01.. _ _
])c (C _ _ ..J r.,
Me -1>''''- iii-.
_ . Me!oIl. - " of...... 'Lo
, DO). a-. II ...u.a rcl'..-
.rT.D.
..
io
Lor-.
~I'I"--'J
_ .u.o.-*to. ...... _~It,, __lloot_. . . ..
... ~
,
-_
2f,)
hri1IIullop 01 ..100 Aio-
-r- N _-
,., <ir. 2.
c.-,_ 191" I.J..).
......'"
tbe Melni_ ..1lil:h Ihruwled !he mly 8lld JQbi1i1y of lbe E,)'JIti
<Xl
~
11Cioi ....dec_
_pa-al";1lI Ol!ler...,... ;;_, -..
01 A'_lSia ai_ "" ~ II .. "'-
1lle. M alb
...-
Oldy did AIe.aandl:r faiJ D menD .,. ~ or AriIu in .... rqwd..
rer-- D"
bltt,_ WWlIlN . . poiIIlOd. 0Ul, A....- II1ol'lfraiDed rn-1DIIl:iq my
iaformMioa. TIliIponioI orWlJlillN'1 ~ .ued
pooiriooo
... Melcciooo ~ doo firoo
. . . Irido 101
101
""'" _ AD J22.
toaoI be -.Dr -
Ali_ M. '_.
eI 11M .......
"'-""'01
P""" (L>pectk dI.. 3.
"
. THEEAAt.YEJIlSCOJ'ALC.'ED OF A'l1IAHASIUS
il .
jl .niIncc woodd IIrtc
powIl . . of Ari..', eafliu asMIcialio8 wiJb Mcletiur. roo- _e
_ .-hidl iotriu: .-:II .......... abo iN!ir- 1lIaI dlis blM brief
endtd" _
-'"
epilodo Iikoft!lllllensiadl wIlidI i1b..:Jtp! eol-..al
17'W,l~__ ." ~.
179 EpipI\l1oiu.. II 61.' (Holl. ",. cit~ I..... 1..5~ bo "'Is __ "'"
.....,. Is JO"....... of M..,;,., finI imli,.. i_..... _undon of - " ......
MIlO. w. rna)' - . _ 1lw Epi~ - . ..c i!od;'_ 011)' -'ior
_Iuia
oIli_
.-p ""
_alF I' alM'
""'It ....III "7 ......... AriM-.. dci..
fi ~ _ '.iI'"
(W~ . a...~
1:10"""". SlI (Dp;Q, 1)11, 1:0),.
Z11IUlPF........ 51? 0---. F_ II).
1:t1:l.NPF, ",. riI~ Sll. I ..... _ 101 doo t .,. b 1110 F_1Il
z.-. _ u. _ , . forw.ord tit' L 1.-. 0.. . -
At.. 'W' _ A_1M. a.m. _ _ Y. . . I''''
:10-11. Loo-.. io
0..,.."'1 M
_
";pM."~_"""Iloo_,...
(_hi -a:- b
..........,.
pbriq IX __ ...... '" . . ,... AD n. _ .....
. . . . "' ............ AD Dot ...... AD 1o'S . . ,.... 1M tt_ _
j.... n
~.~.~.~'~_~
oood ........ l7orw...s doe ~
dn.olw
y ....... .. 0IIIy oaodJ'
_ _ __ r... _
liIlb""
.~JIIf')'. lloio s.to.= U;a,.
=. .01.=.....
.t 1
lha...... _ . . " . . .
U~ q <oK............Iaclo. of &Tl"
1101..... 1M of ..... om..:. _ ... M 11.oo l'I' Ie __ aod"
....,.....,. _ . I' Ilw'l io _ _ Itnot. EcJo."'1bo
....., )'*0111 el "I"'f,,' N.Moi ..u... a -
odoolonhip, 100 ......,. of - . looo _ .. ~ lIIio . . . fI:f. B--.
..,. U~ ZJO; W.H.c. F-. ~.iM "'C~.
n.. _ ~ ~ of "",,_,', ow... Mao G. 10 ...... t r _
"'ill' !l' 1914. 5Z1).
q/; ....... tNnto e - - . '" Adun.asioot, _ . . . ill A,.L 59 (Opim. l.a ad
0piQ m. u.w.~), io._"...., . . _ .. ..-it d\o._ to
.... r.llowlh. or lIM dMlocll. 101 odw>I... lin. 0<1"" ...., IhiI _
........... Aria Iba (<I. """'L .... riI. u.--.
"P- cit.
3. 129.131: B....... ..,_ W . 231; I..W, BlI'Jlord. "AIIIanul ad . . Rom...
s ~ LM-.-J6 (1911~ '23... _ bul. r.",). E_ doIlna 01 ......
II _
slrr.),
Iho "'hjo<l 01
01""""". .... y (4 N.
<lou bot........ AD m ond AD 3lO _
S.,.., Alhlnalloa. lEA 2-
pn>bobloo (<I. Doni....
..,. elf. 9S: H. Itf.r~ T:~ K_ _iIu
2J~ aL S9f1".
. THEEAR1.yEPtSCOPAJ..C.fE(FA~
w ..,. ~1We lha by AD 335 1lIo: M' "_ .. cypc hid ll'q_
_ 0"" A oiDbIIIl i bd ci_ .... 1ayIIIJ ... .... 'm ''" ,. !
.,I!'>'i8ri_
III ~
IUc:efllCOl+'
- ' - llaIf of 1"'- IiRd io 1lIo:
~ .... I*'J...... a
wi:lIIF
lIidiril.U
\ \ h\ oLJobo Ard!IIpI..~
I' olN'., S. V.. --.poolP. ....
_.aI-
. . . . . . . . . .,hidbJB.-d.-Imli..QlplEMdeo. . . .
...... Milk.. would ha..e rt&liaed r:L lile W..t pw" . 1
<*loot oL iItc 'Cllcrcll ol!be Martyn, - . . . . . . ID Ilro'C Ii- lIioN aIJ&-
"''''''''P<'
""
"" .""".
u
"""
.. ----
""h _ _ ,.,..
"
".
". "'"'
"
III
4 .... .,.
... """ .....
P<' .," ""
u.
".
Q,"; I
W- I .. lin
.....
.u.. 11.
"" ".4""
"
1
u. '~"'i,,~
".
u.
no........ '"
D~.
HI .. j4
"''''''P<' " "
"
s\IIlCe eilller III AiJww';'", or lohn A/duflll. bul only 10 tbeh 0WIl cenoIlilic
8 .... 216 On t/oe. bail 0/ IIle .vaibble evldenoc Ills diffiaott. if JlOI iml'O'-
sible. 10 em-"'1Ile ~ COIIIIllUlIlI)' in EnJIl by !be year AD 3D .. a
sinsJe. .e.II~ or ....OO8 'IS 0110_11..
'IlItn abo __ 10 1llI..e bcell ill ......it. . 10 1/10 CfIpllellIeCl Mdcliaa
l*IJ in EI)'Ilt llOIDbcf 01 otIla' -.IllS ~ -'ob' IlemlI:aI &I""P"
..too were iIrool-ed ;. I/lIe "r"jrMl potilieI 0/ IIlc. AIealldriall .... dlIriD&
lbisperiocl. UfI1ikcIbf.M 6_, llo.cO'Cl,itiidilf-'t1O 1:: fU1lJ
I
J_.
lO'hldI _ _110 -.......llloa_
to b .... -.;.,...t {&I. I..-doo. """"'" 1917 ill H.I.1kll, w C.....u..u ...
,,,..
_
LoIodooa. lt1A. IO-N~ Fcnhrr <1'
.... .' ) .... lIl' _ _ loa.... - .
10........ .r;,, _
tI7 I!.A. ~ .. .u._
of 1M . . - P"'I')'ri "hldo """ . . 1M col f 1M ottlU'oe of Apo.
PoIMuI .. 'TM EorIMo. U. of /It.......". b 1010 0IttI 1M Oripa 01
~-. ~ 1_ _ 1iI M<iU" C"""'...... 'lO. 101_ 1m. Sol, 1:1,
2UW.M.C. F.-.
"-'!o C-...,.
C_w. ..-. I91IL 30.
.dl._ ,. IM -.I U...,..,.
I!~ CIiNtl t.-le< ito oho
IA ,.. E.q C ~
widI flilh.Ilc.- "'*"''' "wa lnIly ........smid and onIlodo:l. ~...., tbeir
~ Illd apostaly from 11II: ~. he ne_ IlId comlll.... M:- widI
\be Meletl&llllChismltict. And neillw::r lOW.d 1M Manic,*- nor IOward
m_
.iew or "I!lo 5 11m11ed know\od,.; ..."", ~ li1loly .. raldo In ElY!" Ih..
......hera. ""' "",,"' .,... _ _ "'" p<>Wari\Il~ C;..........
li.,ile<l _~. or ..
_ . . - . t Q 10 _ _ "'
Arion pony '" E&JPI (0110..,. . N~
_ _ dh-.... ly of
" " _ . it
Eva rloo M~ who ...., Ila-. bees ......... diOl _ ..... dW poric>cl,
... _ po I!IIc.Io word. n.. klla r. AD 330. _ . opoIko of """'"" ill
.....,.01 -.I II 1inbd ..wo ~ lO.,..,kl " (S, .)"""
OIl
~ by
O ~ )0.)1). . ..,.
if ... fellcwship""'-' 1oi_ _ _ '" 11I& .......
IDOl 1M foncieo Df ......... lnYallioon' (1). Tho ItIlnI FUUII /.At.., lOt AD 331.
odilOt ....... _ _ lOt "0)41 f. .......... O ' _ e
dot. biolIop .... -..r_ .. ,...._
-~-~"'---poGoa._"""'''''''----by
ia IIiI 1 _ Ioloor f. AD lU... _ _ pboio
................... (1).
.. 10 _ poImcol p , l lIool .._ willi . -
..... ...n-.. 111 1ocIOf AD DJ. ' . . , ..
_ _ .... _.OIrioo-lo')' no.
7 - ,
AD J34.3Jl _
F_~. ..... ~
alIyodl Ilnetica did """ profess ~ip. . .. So I. Ibe I8IlIe llWIlICr did
""" Uhor!he ~ oIlbe ""-.~)OI E""" if _ _ pi"" judpDea( of
SeIlw.u. IIIIl AIhaDui", "u:Ied" "'*-y fOl lid __ pollUcai and lIleoI<IgiCllI
......'"
fkIl'Jll*4 hQ J:!WPI"'I 01 tba ~ "';L11 mo.e 0Iha" ....- whidI
10M lNalClIC1I lJoc. Aluuwlrlul _ II ngcni." of Ille<r relai.~
AltI:t brief d,..:ription ollhc IIileft1 of t/le. IOllet Ilidl &til claimed
1tJIp(*d Au.-iuI'I "cIf.:ial peileCacioIl"olthe~" lbepuiod
bd'lR tile S)'IlOCI 01 T'ynI, lie lUIcl1dcd by "'*"'IlIIit c:ommcnt
TIle publie&lion lI&er thI.\ re- of the leD popyri .. JIIl1 01, Olume eIIDllcd
Irw, tJIId Cltrl.rd~ '" VfX pnMdcd !he ~;IY for. _ deuIIled eA-
...inMiolo oIlhe llocuml:nt ",fermi U11boft wtW:h _ CIla10sued .l..onclon
P.pyNJ 1911, or LP 1914,309 (My u.nxrip(ioa of 1M cIocumUIl Ippean
btlooo, In Ihoo "llPeI'd~l
FI'(Mn ialenLal uidence. Bell ~ LP 1911 U ........, been wriuen
IllftlftiaIc in May or J _ or AD l]5.311) Hit ...._ for \hIs.-uewar
clUJ olllle lela fU)I' Ill: ..........nzai .. foIlowI;
Jll/w.l.55.
JI2/ .
3IJ/ ~I,: IkII 10010 <liopIIIU tho ...... He ft! tboiq "" 1 1 _ (1Ii.ol
AO loft r. ~ .. 10M AI) 3JO~ IklI _ . - ript/J _ ... e." 01.
""' 01. ... 'llfoi. l.ittUn r. .. porio<I-W _ _ ~ . s::-
..;,tot tho ofla. ..... Ae.,.''' (l[."be: n. LHl"'.. e!I_ ....... iii:
_ Bell, J,... _ C~ . eil_ n. r... 1). Fa. ~ ~ _
A....... _ , l ........ IIlio porW,'" Nor. . . . . . dl_ n..lO.
"
31 . . . . J_~ _ c _..._ciI~ K.
JUIMI.
)1'"",~ <f. ~ ' - 1'13; 8dL ... ..~ ~-.
Jl7"'/~_~ .... rir~.Sl.
11.,....
U" ....
32/ n.
" THE EARLY EPf5O)pALC4'FF' OF AntANASlUS
Hi/Nol.
)22 Aa _ r.._ <IIU' 191' .. ~ - - . <II HI<opooI;o . . . . _ .
IIl/o .1'.- 1 Ndifti,
. . . . . . ., _ o l ...""'
1Ioqlll _ _ wldooGl ~ 1M .., 'oicWlJ' or
........... (If 11-. --s- Nooooo. M..,.
tif~ 0).
"
A f.nllar bn:i.t ill tile IW lICClQ III U. 41. boot Bell I' .". l!Ia 1111:
saIljoaollk . . . . . . . oIlbelmer . ' _ .. boI All . . 31] ne
Ir:urr dJ ol . . M ~ oIJ. biItop ortile Lowv C ," Mo ... 1Ioea
a.r-t io. _ aPct (1.42) &I'd 01, prd _ ~ wlIoo wer'e aIIo
~(11.'3, 44). HttaiIazI. ..... lIIppOaQ .. -.. . belli ~;,,_
~ Millet. .-iMd ;" l!Ie c-.p -.I .... ~ 10 om.,"
-Sc4lt1foq1l * ~ of faIIr lb)'l (11..43.46). 0. 27 ~ (Zl
May) I fW1ller - - . bistqIs......, aikd, inc'odin, .u _ Pns (11.41,
41), 8cl1 idaltifatll 1Ili:s hlQ "';!b 1111: per-. 01 tile lillie _ ill !he
lI.rNIri_ MiJUll.J 2A
n. i'IaaI portOI oIll1c ltucr is IWn "" widldoe ~ d br-'
""ll!lla Ihc ~17 .... moncd ~ p 10 Itae .. ba liYall/ll/lc. AtIlt.
1rQ.1Ilc reciptna.
l16~. jI Mio-.
J'1'IJU. ~.,
n./....
J29 /1U
nOH.L S.D. ~A''' ... jw: A QopIa ioo 0 _ Hi.laory,- T.~
C....,..~ 0--".,]. fID. '1 (AjIril. 19U~ 161; -.
))110- HE It n. 'l'; 8dI. J~ _ a. .,.
n
In tile Ienu Is batb ~ and JPOC=ir", ill dcIcribIJlIl.he eturp which .....,
.... 1piftA Al1wwi1d:
P*l',...... _
:l4ls-... _ -.....- __ :ioo:Mlo: 1 V. KooAM, ~ S - -
l"qIioo ... q".. 1 1"1po>q_ 6& C_'wia
,.,. r.,.ofdwTwt'II/_ ri "'C""'~"("'" '".T_llI'l'Q,
.,. t-. ~); 1.0. ....... Lit- _ ~ .. "."'" AM Alta. M"~
1m 11Sft'~O. Ie w,.~ T..... 1m.
P" me:-
'lV);Hom
H--. "010_1' n"= .,.~ VI (p._) It14: ,.. ,....1IIl~
H.' .," " ' - - - " tf ..... xw I_~ c~_ -I " ...."u.
~ 1911. "''''56;
LA. hdp, -no Urlioot u. '"/1/_ _ lor ' _ '
(P.00II. Y_ 71) .-6 1M on... "'..........,....... J*""d ' " """-W ...
C~.UU..t .... 20 (19n): 72-89; ""'" LA. ludJo ..... $,R, Pick....... ~1'apynI.
Oot_iorl of Oomch eo...m.ily bo Eppo .. lho ....""""" e-y.w
J""'II-do /ill A.viA.< _ C.,._ 20 (1m): .'71.
ldJ""cc .... 1'iok<rirtJ...u ......bor of.cry holpM .. ;" oIIoeir
o..c..o....-
wI'."......
dlorlc<s. -W
of QDrcll _ Co_onit)o.w "'" rit.. oiJ>& "'"
tAbIf; pi.- clorinc 1lIiJ"'" (66.71). n.-
lho ...W* .._ . .;", lho M'rk_ .. LP 191. _
~opolol1"_IO _ _
(11). S..tl. ot>---_ lObo _
c_"_""-W"
"""''''io)o
.. lho
lho nul dll)'''' off .
Ii _
<tl1loiJ loUl- e-w lho
.
'"""It.","M_'....
114...... Ii. . . ill . - <J; "'..
'_Iy ..._ , _
...... _ .... old '" MolotiM. 0) ; ! '
jI' oado I JIrioilof;<4 p>oi,*,
1 ; .....
F .t' -.;I".
'__-Ioa \lEt,.... I/le. Melcti:aal .'110 lIacl IJlitd
dle e.
* IdYU wido IIIe
.~ ODIIlm.... ~ ... (at ill LP 1917) <o1laap-
pear lID Ill" !lad 1ia.It I) do willi eidIa' I/le. Fe t -'n' or 347 111
faa,BcI""";_lyil r1M IbllbeMdniF'pl ""' ootcdid
I*'J~...... ;00. Ipiu; AltIawiu:s. ~ e - die ...,..... llIM
.. iadiriI:tNI ti.Iled in Illc B,cvillri_ Nflilii,.-:.II. m~ i ..
'/fptIKJI~. cwld poaibly a.., sided ..illl Al.llanaJillllty IllI: lime 01
T,.re.'" For BdL ~ is e-Iy lhc 0IIe ldeletiln 1*'1' II'Idtr m.lud....t ...
of JclIli Arctupl ...1Qc&, ~iDll<> dl:fcclias IIId uilu all lh& Synod 01
T)re, ftICeded N:I QblaoritJ. From Ib: uzummu wlIlcIl ""... boen ",eaoOlU:l
Em!""'"
abcM. 110_+<1, tIUs <lou lIOlaw-lD ....., been lbapnDble silUalioll in
lWIlime. Mooeooe..IpII1l'n:lm 1M _ _ 01 Mus as ...
oritilOll Idhctut of Mde';'.. BeII...at1\S DO (1lI'1ller IIICftlion oI1lle Arian
par1)' ill FIYPl or 1lleir Eli.. itics wilhi. this period. OIlly <Gum_tina
(rollowin. s->ell) ItIal. .... cowx of lime lhc ArianI _ l'OfIILI-ly
uIIecI Mdniat .. ol:Il..:w!I FurtbrnIoore. . . aclIll:reaII ol COlIeNIR
_rd'amllD _all in In,of 1lelI"1 wriutIl WOI1< ~ dolJ_15O
CrmlaIy ltxrc 1& -,. IiDJe l:Yidoncc l(l JuPpClftIUd _pIiM "'"'
of ItIc oj".'. ill E,)'lll III !he !at ,an Mlidl fo/Iowed II-. deyllioa of
AlIanasi.. 10 Ille iIIrone of SL Mn DKII11cre it mlldl evidence q:ain$t iL
A. "- bcea cliJcuued above, Atlumasius hilllRlf ""IS COilCCllic:4 in hi
...ritinl_ witll llIe M.nichaelllll, llIe Meleti"I. III1l "',ians. and lbe
Collulhlans. Nordller."s.-..:h has iNlic.ell thllil is hithly ~ I/gl
larie number of Mek:lianI had liven their support 10 AlhIlIIlIiUllHfote !he
Synod of Tylllllld were activc!y engaged in OJlPO"inJ alld d!stfedhlnJ !heir
former bn:LhmI. Cenain papyri. such u LP 1917. point to other. largely ;"e
depeNle:nt, collllllunill.. Dl McletWu ...110, .... hilo certainly ll(lI Arian (or
EuJebllUl) In lllelf theoIoak:alootkd aUo CllpnlSscd liuJc (If no Loyally 10-
wardI tlle a:c1GsiuUc:al eslablisllmenl. in AIe.r.IlIdria. Pinal.y, tlle Mdelian.
EIIICbIan lJliMlQe .... bitb eWItd bach inside IIIId 0IIIside of EaYPl durilli tlle
Ilme oocb a:nslderIlion 8Id IIU2ClCd many ~ is ...:lllIlCAOCIltl in
....;.se variclJ' 0 1 - .
In..xlillon 10 tlle _ r.a tIw. tbeso....,. ~ KIlW1)' uisled
and ~ iIln_ dlUia& Ibis 1IIrbuIml. period ill EaJpI, __ is eWQ')'
. - 10 jm ._1lIaI all ollbcsc pKtirs,...s tlle indi......... .nJoia tllem,
:I-Ua..L J_ _ C.' .
S4.7q. LP .917 -.
,..ta.a. J_ _ a.. _...~ 69, IL ...
J.49,...,~ .1
_.;'~i.~A 411 ~7 01 ttl. lIeU', : '''eW - U .,. 1M
b '''JA''(I'''~].c6,_ 'S- . , ....,.. ' .JEAil(lM?);
1l9, 1.:1.
"
fQrlnt4. paUem of dlifPIl& alliances mol ..iud Ioyalliel. 1II111e cue of
1Jc1l)ftl. for example, we appan:nUy see ....... -ordained" by Collutbus wbo
etlote 10 mnain in.,;bison after his \QcIa'. ~ I im \lie AIe>aldriaa
dllll'ch.3 S1 "(Ier """"',.:ars ia isnLo'ion. ""'itla only his family as.
priest. it appears IbM be joined himsr.If '" \lie Meletiaftl ~y ara \lie
....,.M
tubrllissiofl of Melclia$, for his ........ docs . . appear on Ihl: .. whidI
_ IUbortille4 10 AI~).JS1 SliD ...... liB is brtlu&ht 10 lhe Synod ot
T)'Tll U 811 _ of Alhanums, m>dcr lhe proltelioll of Euscbi... d:
N' f, .lot. Atd'4. m idyraI wu~)'pcnwdcd by his
rdalivcs 10 _ his c!wges JgaiaIt MIZiaSi... md _ reconciIe4 10 1M
bisbop, aiIlloup pUad undu amun:. l s.4 Tllis situIdcD.~, .....
toOII re'IUXd -..tlc.R lJdl.}'t1lS lIpin bmk. wU AlIwlasias, =ewal his
charlu. alld was -pvell llle nazne of bUhop" by \he EIIHbians.3H
AlIhoug/I dle QIJl: ac IItyrB is br I'mm lJpical, it does il~ the pDlnt
tha !be eor"",i....,, .liWlllioa in Egypt ffOlll SIAbIe and cannot be m.
duced 10 doe IOlPeWlla .mplislic: iao whidI i .uumed by 1ld1.356 1.5
Bell hi1ll5Olif II Slid. "'dIe hisDiuI. ""-va emi-. is. boI4 _ who
-u 10 inle:rtnt IIle hiswry of the bIrth otIIllUy 00 llle lines of InIIdIn , .
tionIUtm,"3S7 While his r e I = ill thir qool3liOll is 10 C"".wlline, if
could ~ll apply 10 any Illempled illlerptet:llioll of lIIe ecdeswlic.ol politia
of poslNicene EmK.
11la ~1I.10\lS and political situation d~bed above takes on even
zrealel' imponallCe ...hen III auempt is rna<k to llIlderstand and evalUl.Ie the
evenl.l which ~ described in LP 1914. As Bell hlmselfldmll.l, \he cin:um_
IlaIICts in which Ihe lOIter was wrillen JlIO"ed a key to lIS in~:
ThI:: Styli:: of lhe Ieue' i. unforwnateJy .wk ard and 11 ~me. obsclU'e;
and ll'\OItO>'er a private letter. tile wriLeJ of hich, rfurilla: 10 malleI'S
familiar 10 biJ C<lfrc.po",lenl, doe& not IIIlt4 10 be II definite as III
biAorian. iI1ll....Y"1JI1 UI be. lillie difflCull of cornprdlenlion. Hence
:
d="='~"~
T'IIool =_ ..
00'<lI . . .U'
..........). W . . , - , , , 01.-...... . ,
~J_ _ 0.-' .,.. <iI_o, fa. 1.
:J61 BolL -,0,. . . . -.,.. <iL. In, "- I.
l6lIlloIl, J~. _ c....-.O' fa.
Al!laNsillS illIle individull who "c:aniaI ofla bi!bop of IIle I...owa' Country
and.shut him up ill a meal marta.- (11.42, 43). imprisoned IIle llt:aooa
(IM).OIdera HeraiJcus ~(1.46}.OIWJed\he _Yea ~(1.41).
TIoose bishops ~ _ iled could. ill fact. bdcInC III . . y ~ IIIoR puties
named Il)c:rte, illcludinl die Alba . ' }69
Funhoer<lcJutq ...y beexp ~ ... how Bd cIaIOIl U' 19.4.
.... _ IIII.ve - . IIle ~ of MayI.- 1.0 33S, inuM4iaIdy before \he
SJ1'Od of TyTe. ... .roved larJdy lIm:lq1la P"O"II of eli. . . . . .
'there an:. Ilc:/We'fer, JeftflIl diffic:nJries in IIle paIIa'1l of e_tI whidI. 1Ias
bee-. "U~ by Bell. AJI!Ioa&b ir. lI'IIy be ~ lhat U' 1914 .....
wrillea afIu A'b ..nilll beomc IIle bisIocp of Akundria, lhat is. afler AD
m. more _ I ~ WOIIid stmn&IY disIptIe willi Bdl', "",...woo.
1IlM Alhu.asius 'I'""'l w fust yean .. bishop of A .... a"""" ill rilil:iYe
se<:Drity.310 TIle Mcleu... ~. lIIC1lICe in E,YPI even befcn lhcir
&llilnu wiIb !he EuIebians. ...,. Bell ........ i"coilcc, i. Q suu.$iIao 10 lbe
conuvy.)11 Furthrs, 'llIIouih we ml)' e1imiU~ I/loIe pc:riods whK:h
Altlanasiln ......... y ImIa EJYllI (It cowt. synods. or ill exile), it dou 00l.
__ improbable to SIIucst IhaIlhe eoenu in the: A~ JOe wen: tuch
C"""
.... \here was conllllll<'d illS1llbilil)' aflel" Alhanasius', rewm (rom lIiI;
fUlt uUc 011 23 NoYembcr AD 331. Thcz lWOoonc:crns alonc opeII up Ihc
possibilities for the dal.inl ollhe Iel.Ier from lhe rnlddk portion or AD 328
(Alhanasius'. election) to Easler AD 340 (the bclinning of AdwuW",,. !ICC.
on<! uile) with those cenain exceptioru ....hil:b Ilave been JK*ld. ~ persoo-
ag.......1Iom Bell IIOlel ....ithin the lext, cspo:x;ially [sue of Lctopoli. (,tparI
from AtIlanaslul, thc only !X'siuvely i(Jenlifte(\ pl:l'$Oll)..... ere ill aclivc
lhroIIghouI the entire span of this \Wclve-year pcriod.372 Finally, the Ilesita
'5".
"'.e ,',,_ ..
_ ............ _ ' .,.._""'_01"",
_ """,.Ilo...,._,
po'
pule' " _ p -...."l7 _
'_i1 _ _ _-(111).
(Ill).
'. . . ...- _"""-10_....,... -
......... _ ,.... ~. - ... _ri- . . d1. _ _ - . - - . I .
r.--so.. _ _1IiluclI""
100. aid
~ .-
(Ii doctIlIMI ~ ill . . _ of.. ... III plOCI puIki 01 . . . .
\enc _ of ~ ' I" ....... AI..;u,..,. piIft (Ii wrioaIlUoricaI
eYidence we _ '*
C(lllllIlUIC lei ccmia 'l'rsriool: II Ill. piece 01 writias
",mlnd I I . -'AI" ~ How are we 10 be CCl'IIIin? W'- is
1lle rebuclIlSIlip ber een 1lle ubor ..... Ibs ~ (or e_> ,...dDd1 How
cIoes il_.... e.itli 0Ihcr ~..-1 111 ClllIcr W'lltdiJ, we
______ of III ..conned ~ ....... _WId IIOl be 4Isa1atlll
_((II
0.'.
tn'
or Ild ...,. by ~ .,.-.- Of ptejudloeL
II II In t.hll mlllncr Lh.II the dem, ",hen he hal 110 1JUt.h llOI hls side,
.IlKQ Ill(! tweaks down with axes and hammers \be door'I of lhem Lhat
admit ~Im. Bill OIIJ Sa.iour ill 10 &C"'lic dial he ~ ;n 1lIi1 ""Y.
M;' any ..... willi 10 came aflcr me,- and "oIlloI:ocvcr ..illl 10 be my
ditt:iple": ud com,.,
laoocb Mille door,)11
JO each penon lioe &:lei noc foml dlenl, but
3aolq FuMl
_ '
,-:r.U/PF.
~ 1'.,
_
. <f- _
--. ..a. .. St1-5n, 1M Dz.IoaI
212 .........
3lSF_ u.- 100"S (LNPF. <p. <:11_ S19).
316I*0I.
Jl 1 HJ v... ~ ",..... Do. tb& Hi.....,. or tIoo CJoudr," (cr.... IIy F.
M<Dooup), C""';Ii_ 19131919. pC. l. .9.
.
-.e.
"'EJnlIi.
leo""
If lftiI ., ~ ............, IK If'C* '''''o!oIic''
dial. A ' 'jm . . , k:a
of ""' liIna. . .
.......iIlIllle lMicy of Ibo.
choQ ... doc
CIeIrty, _ _ pr)
ys
'olpr'1'WQ
-W ......... "OI I i podoc&i
..,.u -...........
r
ill .. hidll.IIoat M;p be rl"
dlC.kIq:_. Mut_.lliJditJlaIlt
W
,an
Is
._ed
_ . llII .......... _ of paDq)ric .. ~ (01 ... -.;1ft IIoq .. irs
iaa:atb lbe exaltaeioaorl!le _,At ol .... biIbop qI Ak.....rla;
.. Grqory .ya. -Ill praisiq AlUmasia, I dIaIl be 'rirI-. To
spcalr; or loiM -.1 III praiae ........ am.- ia _ - . ~ '-d. or 10
spcat _~. has cmtnc:ed YirDoe iD its atfttt _1tiInaE1f.-J19
Y-.: kIwe_.
-.1 11.. .... pclUi'I'C iii Grefory', 0.- -.1 _ _ pdia.
116.
m ...... ~" ,. -"-llo" ,....-.. .'.'""",," hlittfooo. elf ' ."'"
.-IM/bj<l., Ill.
.OS A ....M OIIDUII.K)' of tho ... mll LakinJ plKo dwina "'i.I period in
COl'IIllll'lllnoplo i, p".idod by Kcpocok, ... bo .. I"..
tho .....01 of Thcodo,ius in Const""<inoplo 1JI Woo N"".mbu AD 350
ond hl, ruboju.nt 'lIJ'!>O" of th. NiOll%l. po,ltiOll. AlrMdy in Pobru.wy
of tho 'lImO )'OOl" Thooodosi... IIod lv.roldodlll, !'li..... <:ommi1mOJl1 !JI his
f......... o4iI:l COM'''' poplllM.. tho lhoo!olkol po,lllono of DomISlD of
Romo end P.t.. of Al<:<ondri. >l'G. Nl "" U l/Io. 1OI><JlI.o>1>O' of
impofl.Uy,.ppo-oood -Cllholio- C1uirtionilY. noon. aoon 0.(101' ""
onlOfod Coou<antinopl< in lri""1'lll!oo '""l""'Ot .--..s ~i!lls.
tho olT~oI birbop of IlIo 0"'101. n.-;". po. doo P'"1Mo' ofo:>;u:
_ .. tho Nioono CJ'd "'".....- doo dry', <11"...1>00. 11100 INoI>op
" " - tho 1aIf<t ODd bq.... to oolobr... "'" EoohoNI do< city',
..0110. With D<mopbilos 0" of . . "0\", n.oodoo _poI
.........,1 or .. copiW', ell........ 10 ItIa HeoHio_ ~l"'Y of
f'l~. 0. J.......,. Ill, AD 311 oM ""'Jl<'O" _ Low which
_ !Iio _ _ IuiooIimo ond _ _ of 1'1"0<_ .. IochocIo tho
~ __ ""_.",Gro...,.,.u_
amiro _toni ompiR.. (K...
I ""
, i1._oonomIy .....
SIO) D.
Jr.'" -~,
. 'I eIcaica illeM_oldlat8c"'~~;'~"'~f"';
__ or ID&or~
Ilcid!er
- lllere illinlr. _ to _ cIlIlI:r .. daiI
ar ill _ -pliIce - .
" of _ 'ICiIcd ,d... I 10
1IIol ~ ...... fta or. !Ildeed.1D 'wk .11I, ..... 01
die In mpD"P '" simibr 011 lM; IIOC8Clf'J oIlllc bislIqI
&unl ouuide dll: (I'I/l(l(bo trldilion.
T1Ie coaItllUon or
R,*"," by inrcm.:e YOIlllJ. iI_tiaIJy ..
...,...ent bItelt upo.li~ Wt~"' no ceNia . ., ill .. an .a _
IiICIl:I1IiIIIlII 1na .......... Ufe irlUalioi 01 are....,.
ill OnuiDlo 21. Upon
.......PkHd ~ . Ilowc_. lhe pwpllItI ..
,..... itallty\e e""iduec1 by Reutber lIppt8f III bIllOi
,,'i
by Mosay ..... dle
tw. ~.... erje
or
indicalors GrqorJ'I in~ In IIle '&'litini of iIle ~. ~.
!tIeR. _Id lIJIPW' 10 be. _ dellft 01 jl>StlrlCIlbI ill ~ tftalilN< 21
UI lha immediale comext of lhe _uoweny In ~lInop1c IlIlhct IIlu 10
Q~gory'l eJlll)' Into an billOrieal debau conec,ninl tile ctwxler of
AilwlQilll willi _ whieb not 0111, ~AlIUSpllCl. bul abo _ lIIiKd K-
COIIlIU of wllictl we ...... "uk -walmow~ Allhougll II ill wilhin ItIe
realm orpvibj1ily Wt aoodlu intupmaUoll olOrqory'. ~ . .y, ill
flCl. be. _ I , dwn illiuk, if uy. evidellce.ftiIIbk 10 JllIlIlQf1It1e 'PX'O"
1Ilift-.niom dR1IJdl1fld YOUIlJ.
n<lf_IlfeMd h_.'
.... doclI&_ w!IIdI MYc~ 1O _ _ aiIicII,eo"' ;.
01 ""h. "........._"
. . - . 'I*W _NO hal beeIl Ii- III __ ~ I'qllIl'U .....tIick
' . "' . . .
~ P'fC wei$IlllD IM. ....... oL Fnau$ Y-a D
1la...... 1 Ptika WCIlI:.-
Alhan:asiIlS" "'1:................ It:ICll1oCd 10
i" D ~ ... "'"' am is imptir:d by llood dell 01 e.ideoca:...q
All ~ of Ib& puUaabr doall1lellU dll:d by William R~
PIIiIclwq:iu.....a_ U' 1914, .... Or...... '11 olOn:1IOIY N....zrn-
hal abo boca 1UIda1Ib:n. "" ";tIl <eYil:ws 01 caIain ~ t ~
inoIu wllld ariK out 01 lIloese sourt:es, sadI .. \he cOIlICCfllloa of
Alhanasiul in AD 3'21 and lIIe l'Ok or ... MdI:tiPI within tbc EJyptian
dlurdlia IlIe perbl ber w. I/IIe ClIunciJ 01 Niaci ill AD 325 .... the Sl"OI
CllTyJe ill AD m'uo
FIVIII dlb llUdy, ~ prelim;....,. Cl*l. . . . . . .y be II -m.
daald be IIOICd. '-"'-er.
l/Iat ~ prdimiDary ,..-J'1Iiont _ remain
_llwe. rMlIer !han absoIuu:. _ .... 10 th$ iJllt.rpolationl ill I.hc.
~ ~Ii_ MId lhe<:UlllialOCllllllCaainly. 10 I/Ie allall COllIUt
ID .. Wc/I LP 19'1 wu wriltCll. b m..... abo be ..know\edted dw. badl
V RusdI ...... dOlI dlefe ueelemeau iII ....... 1ood cnditlon-whiclI
- eaulnly rip!. willa !be IIisIariclI Alhanasillll if; litely 10 be round
M
409y_._ cir~ ~.
.U Oa-a., ...... ~ 161.177. n-. .. _ ~ ......,.. ..........
::7"......;.,;:
..."._. '....:.~~ .A~
. .m"'
c.i.:.."'::::
. ..-..t.
-..~
........ .,
"..
00. .
........ "'S"".
-
.IIY-. . . rif. 6I:boclo. . rif. 116. rn,
.12V. _ , fa..5<I. f.......... _ _ , .... ,......
_octo<
ca.
.. oL A""ori". _ _ I ... ...,. fill ... _ .. '
.
IICCOUnIl of lIIe _
IeftIIlCft/')' c _ v e n lIae _lIined In histories
wlUdI.e not ..l1oi11 f.-able 10 AdwIaius.41)
Th6 Philowcq:ian IOC(IWII or 1M ~ of Al/IInuiIll renlains a
~ in poi.~ .. \4 III Ibis ~ narnli... It Is dimculi. if IIllt impossible,
III .IqWMIl ~ rcpon of PlIiIoaorJ:illl fi'Olll !be edilorial Cgmnw'U or
I'boDIas. AInIlemloIe. lIle roprtS wbo lie - - . I ill tile JC:ClOUnl, IIIe deIails
whi;il . . otrm:d., IIld llle ..... ~ 01_ ""*"iI pooidod In aI
-.:tI..-iInce .mIllbe 0lheJ" hilIorict and ~ 10 'IltlIic:It we lRo'e acc:as
as 10 be U - ClOIIlplctdy witlloDt aedca:e III . , _ p 10 pnwiIk
I ,_tWo '$I
cana" wriu..
~&iii-nalNl'
I!lIl "Ik pcnrail 01 " ...
ion -"!tso
_:1.-
....... 01 wbIl-.uy lOOt place. CcnaiaIy, RIIdI is
dlaI iI pOfidocl "by
""'1l1oi ~_ oIlhc
In....odm...UJ To 1',llowcwa. _ ~ Ilu po oed.
_dlcid<M I"IdiDooI t;Oii\;UaOq AIM '1II1Nl II of eqaaI ftID& I l l ' "
_ 10 III be~ wllaIlIlec doc_.., "'14
: ,: . , _ _ ..., _ ..... ...,. IeC IIidoI c.I)' . . . . "riIt mil peril"
.s-ribed IlILP 1\114 as bei"l _ 10 the tit, IIld IlIn1 by !be IIliliury <:amp
i. difrll;U1llO _ l i e willi CllIIer ~ rnn doe period. '9 Taoe IDeS-
.... or !be pIpJnIS. as Bell hinlJtlf ..smits, illO tome awn IIIICIcar owing
10 \lie perJOftallOllUR or 1lle U..........lOOlCL:!ll 1118 ruder of L.P 191 ....,.
C" be IaMCI for biJ~y ill owe ill whit;lIlIlcy _ fooIJld; tbty If'"
.... rily IIIbjec1td to ItIt aail:m.-l ..aIo - - . . d Iht -.ller IDd
illlerJlftla'.122 1'lIoI$..,bo woul4 oertI< to mate lilt oILP 1914 II proold
AIlunIIi~'1 ~Ioltrlol cn..:1tf haYe ytllO lIhow dle pIpynB 10 be decisi>'t
t.idtoIf::c; I.r., ewldtllot ..bleb CDIIlirms ClIIIy ore nc..,1lllI ududu lis ri'tlls.
ClaIty. LP 1911 is 1lQl1UCII. piece <JI evidtnee ill iu cumnl SWt IIld,
IMrTinllirnha _,uboo:MiOlll matmII, is litely 10 remain III ia Iht flltare.
O~1OfY Nu.iIIIwI'l O,lUitJllt 21 ~ At'-iu rotl illIG 7<l
_her eMtlOl1 of c~;lkna: IlllIlIfsume.... RUld hal l:OlIUlIded !tIM
O"'IOIl",ontion ....., alltast ia certaiIt _tIoos, moclYMed by 11i16e;M: 10
dispel ",mo... QllO;ernm. the blslIOp's char8c:tu ",hlch bad srlIta rfOiil
far "'" _
_ .....
.. _ _ ill
~_ _ _ do'
__ '" -.loy" clra1r. I.. ~ _
"'.0"1
is _ _ is
W-.""
is Iittlc
I'
_
__
_
WI do poMoMf
" " " - ef Iloo _
-.... '" i
'" 'p ~ ....1oN,
is hie
, _ _ laItc . . _ _ "'......
_ ... I
i t
_
.. wiGlla . . . pcwnl '" _
ic._
__
SoodI.
"
AelcL SIdI pn)Of _ -:t onI, 1 .....;-:! frail wilt&loIl pIrIQlla 1b-
--,~",.m.._bYe.n. J.* _ _ .......
be eM 'widI .....'. ltilb<;dyol AaaIly.
1Ile"
..-..
~ our ftitJOi&" IlIe!lc maaiaIs
-.IDCSpHish _fIllIionol '
01 ~ be
Ylewol1br.
.ip.-
_ad 01 ~
_
.'fe
pIiod.lI
. . - .......... U Ibis
be adlailllld dIIIIlK....., .,....,..4i.c is . .
criDa 01 .....___
rlObl .. ~ CD md .....i&ciq: e>i<\EaIee ror. ~ pcnait
01_ biIiIop 01 ... 100. .......
A'oa doc.clotI4noeIIllmd is:Iacs -.tlidI
ilc"'lNIl11l,YiewatdlecarlyC3rlUoi Ar. .
'-'"IId lIuI
_
f.,.
lUJ rdMionJllip "';11I ltM: luga" SlrEtIInf or dle clIlIfdI or his cia,..
lJ*ifallr doc. CCUlMnlaJ and poviacilll. S)'DOCls. Allboqll He- piDcd
pater j",porIaIlOe ill IIiI lbco!o&Eal1hoa&b1 willi IIle paainJ yean. lIlc
provilICiaIl)'DOd wl\ietlloot pb<:c T)nl in AD ill !lad all _ Il'O(:ft im-
llledllle. direct, lIIId llnmmc: impact 011 hbn, tellLlti... ill lIiI uile from
~ lIthe ClOIlClIllill'1 01 dle Dtfti... and taler obja;:lions toltis _
llIal rd. Vol.427 It is alao "';1;hi!I tho! rer;ords 01 dIU I)'WXI #1&1 .." rlllll
IJle r,"" ddIIlltlve 8Ct1lWions lNde :I.... Am-Jllll bJ lUI POIUempo-
I'Iriu widlilllll ea:letWUcaIlCIliD&-4 In the _ _ .alan d Ille puent
wort.lbel'll(ft,. u '~pI. will be IMde ID l'IltOIISlnlCl .... lIiAQric:aI """-;vc
IIldcllronolol1 ot~ ~1I ..hEb Id .. dleS)'llOdoll)ore.u ~U ....
uamlllalioa of dle proem: by 'OII'hich Ihc syllOd wriYed III iIa jlOdpnems con-
cemlni lIlc bishop of AIe~ which .rro;:led him 10 IJeatJy lbinllllc
rora lWOdacldi:l of ~ lpillOOp;lle
SECTION II
I. ntE8ACXGROUNDOFnmSVNODOP1YRE
--~,~,~,.;,Y;.:_~~'~_:~M~':_:'~.:
2vw. - . s-iao L In. zu.
,c.....~_ ~ 1913, 67,
'''' TIlE EARLY EPISalPALCARW OF A'IllANASltIS
....."'je... III An.... liO the clllud. ia AIc.ondria aIoII. widl. dM)'
.w
dIadI.
fa src-r MdeIiaa I"oaa:t:'" rDk ia Ihc 1lfairI1II1Ile EfJJIIi-
~ W;Jlia.l sppean ID be aomrt ill lIIcioIIl/IIe ,mesis at lim;
_.. 10 the Bidl}'lWal SJBCd III Iele AD 12. wtlicll _ mdor lbc
~
IJ . . .ooi.o'.,"_IU.ADJJJOJ2
The Arim-Moirciln alliaao;c appan 10 ha'IC beeoIlRnrIFd by Eusr:toiI<s
01 Nioorne4llo dn,lhe ~ ....Iricb inunedialcly {oIkl.. ed Ihe Synod III
Bithynia, thM II, CII. AD n9-AD 331.1 Acc:otltiIlJ 10 Athanasius, E.... biut
persuaded LIle Mdeliarlt "to pmdlU $OIIle pmelll. IIIICh U !bey hal ~
_.ains! Pela'. Ac:hll1M, n Alr:nndet. iJlllI'der" Lhallhey ",1,111 -invent Irld
Ipfead. reports IplnsIIII U weU. w9 EpiphaQ.iUII plal;u Ibc beJiMin, or !he
alIiarQ i:n Illlglldy d.ilTtte'U camc~t by ~Ilbal .. lie. I cIl:leplioll of
Melelian bilbopl arrived It alUl1 10 pcesenl petition 10 lhc WlpUllI' which
req..esled Jlfl*IC:tIoo for lbW cIlIIrclles from repcMed clllIolic inll"USiou, the
emporor"1II1CJlllaJ1t1 tdllJed 10 p;lIll ....... _ 10 ~nc. RClUinin
in Ibc qIon at CooI$Wllinople and N"ocomodia. they lUmlId II> Eusebi... ol
NioolnedIa for - U _ ill 1Jrin&ia1l1bcir case before cmpc:rIlI". Eucbivs
pWed IllW ~. bul llR/y with \be condilicln ~ would .ccepl
AriuJ inIo fellowsblp.!O
Ono;eapin,~. Epiphani... ~ ~ i11lt'pnIlD daIiDg
alld conw.l, indJcatinllllw Illis InlCrView Ild: place wbile AJeundcr .....
~--..dt ...
I~ ....~ .. _~ <t. i. SdI...... CS m. 191. IlL 2., - ' ILW. <lin<dor.
.udwI. ... i<.... n. sa.
1ST. B__ no. 11_ C-Vc of DMdoriM _ C_ _ _ ....
1m n.
ul.. ~., 7L Ilt.. 132.: Epip/tMi.... H_. U. S' (Kol~ I.S. 4(1'_); c/_
S--1I L %7.'
(PO '7. UZB).
Ul6
..--
30 ~ 80--. ,,,, "'/I'; ,.. ,...~. J12M;""}~"1. fr-
,... AtwIo C_ _ Orlord, 1916, 91, In; SooI_ HE L n. 9 (I'G
67, InA).
'IHI.ooin (A. N.o<tiII),. ... ciI.
32J, Hof.Io, 11'-1 '" 'M c.......,u, '" ,II. Chrdo I. 221; ...........
~IO 1 1 _ '" .... MJIOtI oIlIoo .................. AcMa.i... 14
.,........ L ,,! . 3..2 """ , ~
llA,...,. 60, 4 (OpitI, 140.22.2]).
]<Is-- HE L n.' (J'G n. UlA),
35 Cf. a.-. C -'- E4MW 316, .. tt,
'''n.. _'" ,."u.I~ "' idl iI _ ..,. A--..
....... llnlo_ ~oIdla :1" M' o' . . widIin"""
....
.~mbcr 10 ~ w/lich .. en: Ie>otled lpill$l A~s OIlly I ftw y~
The eUlel11 bishops at Slrdic. hinl lhal the bishop of AntiOCh was
dcpoud not for doclrinalreasons bill because or his e--il monner of lilt,n
Alhaoq'u,. writini lhirly year. aflU l!ll> event. "'t WI Euswhlus. M.
coote..or ... d .....a of IOtII>d flllh." .. as deposed (/Win! IQ "invCllIoed
KCUJlIlions' apinst him, incllJdilli Ill. cbArlC Ilw. ~ had KInsulIed M
CO.....tlloe'. llKIlher.3' HId EllSlfIthilll beCII depoced 011 cIIIrte of
Stbcll;,nIPII .lone. one ....,..ld _ Ia~ ""b I characleri:wion by
AlhmaUIaIli_ lbe. ~ cIiJnIll: IIIlrilid1. _ ........... 8&meI
...........ua 1Ix case nlIde. apiIur. EiIII&Ihi&Is follows:
....
Ilt;
""oor: tf. C_ _F_
AJI./oC.....
H. ! ... rre.....
,... e-...... -t
C_lIw '" J~
&_
a.-.1_1961.
a.-. _
..... ), 19n, 171:'" W.H.c. F-. n.. ,,;. fl/C........,. L - . I"'.
$lf., AD tr ..,- .... ~io_r .aiIlo< doo
~ ..aJ,o:;oI .. ....,.... ~ il .. <iiIficofl _p.
~ "" ........ lit' _ _ oc-. _ .. ,...r __ If,. s_
11IU_ (s_.. Mt:. .....). PIor"L
C
.il_.... -no..
_ _ Iwr...-_
1= r
.... _
~~ Ii flo: _.
""'"
_r_ ...-..,
""' _ till
__
1*tIao_ _al puuiptioa ollbc ("......U.: ne chil dlaps of
Alballasiul at- iflomedi.....,. If... 1IIe ICIIlIIl ~I ond would Ilaoe belen
IoM/Ie 10 leICincIao:b .wQ:i<w Ii'lal ..... ~Ilt ~
Some 1la... 1llailp!Cd 10 inu:rprel; tloIl rharaa ..hidl_ plIrcd opiDsI
At!wlUi1l:l u bcin. primarily of a civU, witb only IIle Il:CUtation ronccrninJ:
lbo! brealtin. ofl/lc cllallr~ bcini ec<:lcsiastlcal.4.S Sur/I .,jew. booi~ver,
'~IO lifIoOte tI>c IlIOlIvalion wbicb ItOOd behInd !he c~J'=1 onlbe p-I
ollhe Mel~lil.llllnd llte ElISCbims, namcly, lhe rclllllalCment of AnUll,
Owing 10 Alhanasius'. imtaMi~ca>ceminl AriUS'11'CtUlIl to AJuandriI,
llIc OiIly pouibillty which ~ appeamllO be lIle c1epoillioll of lIle
bisllOp of Aleundril by Illy meIBI poaiblc.. In lho cue 01 Eoulllbilll, lillie
aucnlion ..... JiVCII to whedle:r lhr dlIftes _ cld or ecdrIUicaI by lhr
Synod of Antiocb 01', IJllIIrcmly, by CclllswIlilIe, ",110 ..mwc4 Ibe CllSe
aftuwll'lb. ClurIy, lhe only point .. issue for II>e Ev.Mbianl ..... lIIc.
rrmovaI 01 1IJta!hiI/J by Illy IDCanI pallible, Ulldct lhe second c.- 01
N~.n 1llM .... ".... I ) fora bisIIOp', depoai!ion .... hll conviclionof
III oIl"en& of a lUiably 8Crious ~ g".jJ or fICClrtilStiral. The
mllltiplirily of d1..,.1iIade apinst botb EuItatlliul and A~Ns, civil
UId ocx\esllqic'l, ~ meody _ I to prootick IUfflcient _ for JlIdI a
depclsilioft or, III 1M Ieut. .. provide fe.- III ern~jladieiII inquiry by
a ~ IlII : I" DurlIf; 1M CUIII1Ie ot aadI. illqllirJ', runhef aDep'.....
miPI be Imed . . ill a C8fetmIIy I d -..lIlY: . . filIIf 'I'Udirt WOIliII
bcabe.-_l ' .
Wllca A"'_I. arri'iCd at Pso",.. hi, Now bl:l' of AD DI, be.
a;lllCal'IlO r - beca _....., oCtile ra.c..s ..bidI_-re4 .... 1iat.
Cv"
oWA.H.N ........
'l.no,
n. r.-._
L ,
51,... N. I (l t _ ~ SII~
.....
.,
C _ oN
"'" r - "'
Iscot .....,. '" ConI_.,
- ClIJ-pic _ _ b b ..... lD
<f, HiM. NO-. 69, I (ope.. 221,
'"
o..a., ........ Illey pet ed lIS wriI:IoDoIr. - . ...,. _ ....
fmal -.. 01 ~ -'-& _ to; i ~,...
b ""1Ok 'We
will dq _ 1M Lord.. for lac is III be sJorioa$l)' Pi' t; die "ant ancI ...
riI:ltrllc die ~
~'.D. /II
, _ ...
PI 17fO,
Sow_ C_...._ I I - . . .
:z.I. . . I:l2O. ~~
i r CMIJcN.
..
s,.- '" A.MdI F were. _\iIrltIJ'. _ _ .,. . . S,- _
. . . . _ MId AD :uI-AD l29, (q. J - . ~ . _ ~ , tip. <il. n.
1........1). _ . _ _ S , . . A ' 'cf.T.D.I_
";'1 = .. aloloopt. AD 324-3oW:: _ l"> II ~ - - . . . J _ '"
"""- HUt-, ) um): 5).S(,. !oI 51 -';. ............. '" _ _ . . Jar
.. t" ..... of . . - . <f- Kdcl&.. tip. <il. n......... .. ' - '" .....
c/.li.Koao..ftI.. "'1 f.n.l'~_1SQ.
SS-. Lfu ~ c..,w.. tIp- .... L 91.
".
eaa-wi.lldd III the.-. principle ...... k WIll the ri&bI Uld duly of !he
InlperiaI JO"a1lIn"aIIO SIIPPfQ1 befu)' and ICIIiJnI. oj6
T1w AIIlanasiu did Il(Jl ~ y" ' - this c:orMttm Is C'ridcnI
tro. hb earlier rdUllolIll obey COIIatarItiK in IqaI'lIIO bCllll Arild aDd die
MeIelilnL n. M did allow lOr Ibe 8UIllorily olllle ealphOr i. sdoet issues
1ClUiClIlrlI ..........bl ~ Ilwous:hcut 1IlI_ it 11110' althcu&h
.111:0' the dudo ol 0-,,',,;'" ill AD ))1 .. 'h. . . . is a1Io -.iIliq 10
Ie .... _d".. III
Made til' _perorlI wt.idl ~ 'tIrimcl:..tIII bis
0. . podu.:a.. S1 AI ~ sup ia w relalionttlip ... iltl ee.-tiftc:.
_e,a,
"1614.
'1~ _ ...... m..- _ ~ __...,. lC.M. Souon
1Iu 1-.I "'" Wahop 01 Alu-.." ! 1 JNI' I ~
JI'O"'-
,.. F_'"byC,,,,,,,,.
"'" GodIi>
N
Enlporor'" (C4tbf,- Al,it
York. I!MI.~). "'" "lII
_ I ,.. c...,. 01 ito
IM bipo-.;t11
_.iw
IIoftilo ........ iol ..dlori' <I. So....... ,,_ <it.. 7Irr
Mpp",. ~lff. A . _ -..r"=M...... ohio _. of """" 11M -.....so
by s. PI" $ += :l....... lI!I' 6 ~ ". 4 1r<WcrJ(. ,.. of.",...........
"'<ltd
Ar.......,;
......, __
ri.... "'
__
~
~
Ooo-)-....-e-
INd ~
n-
...,. Iu....,. Jr....
_ ........01_
;",p.;oI iMafa
r.- .. _
W a-...
--.ipoy _ . . 01 ... CJMq" t"hf,. 4J5).
'"
s'.'
IFF bo
'iro . . , _
C _ _ -.l .. . - . ......
__ ~ ....,_IV'*"'idl_ . ...
....
."'_L-JorADln.
'2c:r. I ..... no. 11_ u.,Mr. 7f; H.N. a-.;",
et
U _1 _ W. fir
s-ia., ""--17.
-r-,.-- _'[
......
___
_
1<1 '
Uc/.Jya
io _
v c_~rv.2<lOidooLOCS'.I).
7. (O,iu.
10 _+Iy io.
_ _ .h1K Ii,.'
147. 3"'). n..
""C . _,.'
....,,",,-
k_
jr%
~
_mp..l_w.-'""""_ .....
__..... ..,.
.... .
wabd
v.
iii)
......... io....... I 4 Ii ..
r.- .. _ .... (4. v. or-,... ril-)oIl" 3<19).
16~ ~. .y.4." {O;Ii<z. 1)9. 20).
n F.....
....1oIi.atoI:'u ........
ooI
_ od. IV. 5 II . . rit. 517) ...... ....,. 111&
'"
MIT ..... (Lib)'1l""" 8d LibJa Iaferior)." II appeon-1boo.lP
AlIuNIilll"S risk lOW Po................. vdy Ilrief. wlIik hilllay iIIlk
_ cr ""a" '"i_ (Uie .-sis III Awnoa, cklle by lAIc QllIll.a depieQliaa)
-Ioa&a'." AII:IlouP.,;IIK ..... ackIlO "'*__ ~ 1JlIds u
pin 01 "paIicJ of ....... lnIIIWed __ uder /ail ;.nf!3ir;1io!1,- . . .
joIolli).... 1O lIIendleid _ . . wiluu 01 AD 3m31 "'Ill Ul71IiII AD
1J2. 1M)' ~ _YC
beIllI 1I!Ie ..... . - - ci _ ..... DewIy tkc:lod
_.....,.,iIM.
II - . Mo boa JuUwed I!lM Alhalwi....... y t.lv~ 'tUiw:d Uby
...... !his cilne ill order ""to interome .. UI>y:B epiKupol elliou" 00-
..... iUlC=at.viM KJiviliclia
-.y _ plalDlIk. Rre is Iillk PK$
tIIe-." AI .etI .. up'o.....
1Ibk cawa . ,1bc.
Merion .. ~ ..... 6iI pcri;ld. DwiIlc dle MM f ....'7 P"'O"ti,.
ea....
till: j! 01 NQa. AriuIi!/Il appean: Ul ha'IC '* b JmIIeS
..,ppon wil/lia U~. In 1Ill: T'~Ja",u al Niccw Choniatcs, ..lid is
*.- 01
10-.01""'
II
,....
_..-.,...
Far
,01 _ _ 01 Eo
I' Tbo
"1'kiIDoMq.... HE 1. 10.
. "cr. s-.
"0.
'i..,~ 1
H
Ce....i o. 4d U _ _ " ' ~ "~ ill l.....,.j
IF-n. 401.
10\,
Ar>-. U. J lOpitl. lIP. J""l:'-_ 11 (Opila. 121, 17); D~
s,. 12, 1 lOPi<a. 13'. '20); AI q>i6. M, .. 1M. l' (PO 25. ""'.~ TUI
s o ..... 'CO ' " ,otI.o<I boJ "'" En _ "' ...-....
.. wi,. .. _ ..... r1I< ..... Of _ I : ef.,w Aq, .. u., 7 (PC :!S,
"3A)-
9'H, Qodwio:t. ""FMIo """ 0r60t "'" CoocociI of Ni<M&: A ~ .. "'"
_........- of .... SirIII e -- Hn n (1960): 192.
" I..... IlL" <f.lhs,... 11. J (OpiQ.14.. 11 ..... _ OpiIz', _ . .
"'* I "" _ po<-. ..... _ _ (oW_ liM I. lIo.)..
'00, '1 - . HE 1. I. Ib.
IOI.y.t. 'lot. 11 (OpiIz. las.. "IS~
10'l:Will,- . cif~ 16.
IOJC/. a...t-X:k. ",. cif~ 119_192-
l00tc/. Willi-.. ",. <i<.. ~. n..
I~ SlMia '" ~ ",. 0.. to, r.. 1-
106w;u....... "". d'~ 16.
100F- , u- 1Il.!1 (R t _~.,.. ~i1~ Sl.).
lM,N.... V ~ "". <il~ !I19).
'"
III tile.... lI. [licl baweea 32S -.I )l5C 'i-btnyIl wi3lt
to 1\'pn1 . . . . . . . Irenow....... hi*""
or tbe
or
_ tile ltapua<: . . dQcpIirtary dcc"iPonl die CotIIlcIl NDca
but Ibo 10 wacda
or
(Illd aIIll or oltltI s)'flOd$). This ai1l WOIlId _ ..."D' 10 ..
or
be
~
1,_or
Ia"llt_ in ..... ronn.ioa doclriaIl dadIlou. but .-Id tmhcr
.. IItiI _
tllar 'tI1icliI)', in IlIeit (~ (or
we l1li)' GIldenuJIcI lIle.,.;sa
or
till: tIOil)' the
c:oiacd by
EGKbtu lOr w. COIlpcnll. aile II ... till: iaspoQor paaal. for die
abIl:I , altho dec:nleI or die _ i l . Il2
TIu lleut] MIl Imds .... Ii'taIlbe CI'ClII' 1lIroolP dlit -'d 10 IhIi
whldl II befotr. . . -.l God p:nldxa _ _ m. iI . . joy of
par_ 1aMti... briJI&inI .. lD 1M _ -.bly, ..., In "r
plaoI ...itant; all 01 IrS iD spiril; ~ III _ lOren IIlCI
COi'_ pc p.....cdinlliona ...., b l For Ill. is dle mawl of hill
loWlP ind " . tbat lie sbould ptha' qa/ler In !be _ pIKe ....
wID _ "i.......... _ . . . . * - wllo IppiCIr 10 be r. oil illlhc
body, 10 be _ IOIcthct ill Dllily 01 spiriLl)j -
1)"'_1;" HE Illl.
\.'---.Cr-.'. -.
loW. ., . , .,. c;,~ l.l. U.
&<.tiu,.,. d .. 251; <t~. 119, tlO.
loW,y.I. 12. I (()pill. 97, 1-9).
as.
I.',y..o, 1 (Opic&. I".
.....y.... 11. 3 ~ UI. 4-11).
7).
151 1...
1511....
ISJ,yoot ... I (()pill. 1.tJ. 1f.2O).
1Sol",",",," n 1-1 (()pill. 162, I_II).
ISSApoL ... l-3lOpir&. 10. IS-I..... 'l).
U6 n1... r _ ..,I plw ~ ft."" __ "" ~~
lriftlt.... A"'. 6S. I (OpQ. 1' ol-S).
157,.".... '" J (Opla. 10. \1.1]).
'"
~irial .ad requesting for myself 10 be p~ w,thi. yOld"
COfliJepoon.IS.
by ,,,,,1.,1 .... Ilion to <he epis<opa.. one! Ill. bIllldtn f ehouclI ill .iI
.m e/. IlptJl. ~. 4 (Opl~ 163. 26-21).
16:lApol.~. , )pill, 144. 6.7~
16Cf. BorMf. T~ N"", &o,ir... II)S. n.. ........ of W. ENol;'"
-Ool-loll... 00_.... Holbbnodor Kollltorllln.. I." 'Jon..ue~ oW........ 1.
(1'29): 199212, _ ~ely ..... Socr_ .... .,;...un Ie ~ chi
Iidrt. 01 .._ ... Cano<orItin<'.IIqIIl<w. Coo. . tIolnlod lID.oo 0C0IIIly chi
.... ol FlaYiuo ~ die e_ .IID _ io O>io . - '
A""'".....: <f. _ _ HE ~ V (PC '7. 1S7A).
lM_ _ HE ~ V (PO~. lHA~
166",ol. l:I. 1 (Opiu:. I... 7-.1).
167fjlr. . . . . II.""'S'. 5<=--. Hii fl. 2S (Bid<....... 11)). T h b _
~ ....IUI- or HJ. B,1l _ """ 1IIirt>' _ "
...... be, cu",", _. ; .... (.lb .... 7) Of! ...., m.. _
!""" by .so-..... .......
.... eorlicf _
If 1hin)t _ _ ioo4ie.oI. "" .. _~ "" S,- ol T,... . .;q m
A~
10o
AD ns..... Feo.
__, i
_ paiad
0Dl)' _ _ "'" io
f _
-.101"r _ ~ AD :In.
llrD", olllrD
!r ""' .....
_ "" 0 AD m. 101 ibI fDr.;"'" . " ' " 01' f." .....01
01_,.._
t
. . ...-Iol _l&ined ;" ..._ [,HE n. n 211-. 10. 21l; <I. t4p<>L n. 1
10pllZ, 1"5. ISoI?II
75"'..... '7. 1. (Opiil>, IU, 2\%2).
176,.",.
177,IlU. (Opit&. I.'.
n.:IA~
171..,.,. '7.] (Opla. 1"5. 27.29).
119a- Crn', ..... _ ~"'. 230'. TIlo 1IlI1"""" _ . . ..-
rqw 1 7 ~61.'(Opir:>,14S,2I). It_..notr_~
_ liM, MTIq ohMJ _ ~ b&r.n .... lila. "" . . . . _ _
=:..L
. r
I';;' ~~ "'". -c.::::.'
if..t.ct....,._
Foo _ _ .. OJ
::'="..-__
_ ~-=: br"
-.i1_...,~_...,.
C.~
._tbo-.,.
! ( I). __ ~. .. _ ...-..iq ..
d>o _ ... _ ...,. "'1If. A,-f. 67). C I J 1M jrodIieloI_ of - . .
.. dIU POrio<I..,...... I. . t _ c...w. . cfI. L '19.'20.
ftGr-~ HE. L 2t,:u.
".
AIhlInI&itot -.d "'- bUhopI hc:ft 1hc primMy .........lIili'y (Of. _ ..... -'1
ariel crt YioIem IIlXb IIJDI CIlbcr dill/til parties i. Ec'PI. .. -.II .. kw Ihe
QOftliI"in, ~vlJIOIlS 8ftd. lCIlisnls ..hicll "-' come 10 cIIar1Ic:Ieriac !he ttgian
_die. . . decak. 111
At ~1II. Can Ii... Idc:Iud Bd called ,..,.. J)'W3d 10 _ .
I12 Ah!loqb T.D.IbrIa
("
Del was.
.... h1c
be.
ClIIpctOf u Nkaea.-
-=.. ......
*"'
~iq. ~
is DO doc_ttl'.,.
dIal. . . . CUSOI'
10 dIIt 01 ....
e>ideace 10 apport Ibis
riew.'D 11 it oq1lIJJy pnni!* lha.t Euebil>S of e..:- was dll*Il 10
pmOck _Ibis ryql...tIicll_ 10 _ io. .... _ clIy.l" c , .....
_a_.,. -.
_ pKJlJebt)t" " cd F '0 ... II Ioclldillt II UIIIIisl .....;0. .. Ihis
I:iIDiW IIlquir)'
IIIbc arti= S,..od 01 M.ciodo. _!lid $I ., I _ .
..... Eu,,bi. of Anlioc'" CcnaiaIy, .... Fnt"!
lAfur INIu VI iIlOfican 1ha.,-tal AltIanasiuI'. m-a.IlD Ilend liIitl)-..d
wu bued upon \he Ioalion ond, IlmUIIlab!y, !he leadenIIip or Ilw:
","li lll.11S
III early AD 334. ""sa:ft:d iIIlperiallmtn'" _ _ 0011 "bJ .... _
pious emperot e-llnc ordcriftt otrUin ponou from EanM. \IodI
bls80pI Illd pritIUI &lIlI Illay Olhen .. 10 procDCd 10 CktareI ill
PIiIIlIllnlIn SyriI" (or ella 1ym>d.1&6 Whelher, in f.il<\, DalmaliDS or FlISebIllS
had beerl in,uve:1Od 10 prai<Ic over !he worl:inp oll!lc MWI1b1)'. I, is dClll'
tlLII ConSlanline .... rup;lftSible foe' cilling tbe synod and lila. llIi, ...u
-=c:omplislled net throIollb cpiscopalletlm" bill .. imperlal JummOllS, One
of IllllK calle4 ID Ihe SynOd of Cxsarea was tIrti.. ~lCr. AlIfdilll
Plielllw I0Il of HoniJ. tbc bcIId ofl Il\OIWlic: C(NIlItIWlity at Ihe wi\bp of
Hlpponon in !.he Huxl<opi", nome,'l7 011 IS Much AD 334. IlIIJ nalive
ElY]lIian prieslwro&e 10 leaders or !he monas!k commllJllly II HIlhor III lhe
UJlPl"r Cynopol;ll nome lnformin. Illcrn lhal. c\epllty hid been appolnled III
...a1Ch O'I'et Hipponon Ilntil his ruwn (rom lhB $yr.od.1U It is puulill, .... hy
......
IU, buI
_
l''uo 1913. I .... (Bdl J~"'" CIori>l .f9).
''',e,
-.lh&,........._ ...... -..... ...,.-. _ _---
117,,,",,_ l. 1-2,
......
,.~
-"""-
~_w.
__, ._~.
.-
...,. ......
.___ .
on ei
folIoooc ..... 1 .,11 19lJ.
_ ..."o_""".,.. .. .ma.b _p. _f
-J'
I
T-.,.
0I . . I'
lor;'" _.
.. oIel~....
_ ......... 01 . .
P'qelI$. II ....u
~ prieR. _lei ~ beeol aBed III Ihc.,.....
inlprobablol It\aI K .........1IKIDCd 10 be II direct panicipal ill IIIe
II ts
"fly
o""
i~ qyp"
ti.o~ .~d "'"
Thoir iMp<><lO>I""
'i'''' .....ubnque"'ly
_ - - . - . T1Io .._ <II LP 1911 .. r....... Inf......... "'II
w 10"1
1M)' 100 0 ,...illl. ror.._
*", .,
....-d.. nl ~ d . mil. 13. wIbdo
""Tf/" ..
dopu\Jp_'.
bo,,,, 10 diMini.h dwl", "'"
R01IIOD
lak.. up 1>1 tloo .-on...;'
".. Ibo _
_lloiliIy._ r..
Ilo "'__ _ tI. >pAlO
Ibo . . _
t.t; 01 _ _ ........ pwiod.
..- _
_
I'~.
1iIot_ '" . . pwioooL
it d PO'" .... _
ltoa. w. dr.
I"/~.
1t2K.,.. '" ..... H ~ _ _ i
c...." .. 19~ 43l-46t.
w s.-, -t._ t-.
".
~ upcaed 10 l"IlOl:iYC: &1_ iauncdiuc CODfIl1llllion by ConJlIrItine..I93
cu be flak lIoo.obl .... the F,tSdli_ ...., Ille Meletians enwiapl
There.
A~UI'I allllImllali<M as the pmbablc _ c oIlbe proceedings a
e.-e. and bcIie'OCd t"- Cu ililll' as in the c:a. of "-tIl... -W
Iu dle.. I:~~, Albuasius abD nlC:II:i..ed Ik ~ _ _
III lIae Sr-od of CIoesaru. ifu ~ of i a f _ .. COWl 8lllI
lInJ. . . . ecn- -wid omaialJ!DYe int..ed _1:1 llle . . .-II of
il,,~ wIlicll weR beiaI t:<Dded lei ........ _ _ ~ deriallike
J'Iccu. Hrtiq wi. 11lle '"P'isim ot. _berolpro-N"1Wle IliJhops
_1lle prerious ..-eta! rears by lbe E~ Am"ftU;'n Ilad few
I,., III _ _ by .. wail .... lIim III D ca. ~ III Tliaoduia.
..... _P._"wdI._ot1lleewil . . ,. loIlIboJr.wto_1D1ry
Att. 5._..
1lioII-_"td '1O"llPQl'.dle~-It4h _ ~
j ' ..... oll:lae who!lacl phc:led aI C
dle~oIabisllop,~lOI.l~ lIplanal..... ..-dolA
wdlbM
.... - - . 10
v."s
J
_ , ~ ' . prior
....
...- ... -Ai io -'OinIy """'IJI .,.... .yM. U. :2 (Opa. 146. 14-
'" 102U.
11'01. 21.
TiI-. H _ . _ ' b ......... III /tI1-.u, hrio,
*"
nP' ............ d ....
i,x<'fI/"'OIi'S' c/&
,+-.._.
'A>oo.
Sear_ IliJ _
~ ""~_ ~"' .. ........ is.''
of Ibo _ . 00IIl)r ..-... _ _ 'I .
(0pN. 144, 19-21).
01 die. d.
.... ~ of Iho u ...., "nn " ~ ~~ POl ,"- ... nJo
........it;. .".". HI I. n (PO ".1$711).
..,...... 201; '0 HE n. 21 11 <a..... 16. ~'24).
210.y.l. 61, 2 eos-. 1... l:l-I).
211.y.1. 61, ] (Opitl. I~. 16".).
'"
IllelUlled ffltlS. 8ec:ausl:: we see in so;:h c:ondua lof lbe MeJcri_llhal
d>e:re Is SJIIIl orrauc.1ct 1hcnI undcnund _ I have;ud&td i11111is way
a<ld .... ve _ ID Ibis doenniDabDa, tbal. if lbe)' pIOlIlOIe uy funbcr
Il'OIIbIe 0( liIiI IDrt, I will, ill my ....... ~ late IIOIict or !he
a>Illet. md !iqe) _ -=rdinI1O ""1e Paa nt buI ...... diaI ...
pWllr;: law. 2I'2
111,y.1 .,. 2 (Opioz. 1.7, 11-12); C/, Opkr." _ _ ..". ...... Nll
/JIIdi ....
ll~ n. ..... ~.""'.L'.
12O,yool 1 (()pIa:. 141. 14-15).
11.'
Ul..."..._ .............
~ I". :zo.UI, 9).
=
''''~J ....... ' .tf,....,."..
"""'''.1 \'OIIic&.
213,yo,t.".1 co.-.
'.1,
1111).
141. 11.-22).
2'24.......... .,.) ('Clpil<. \1. D.14I.]).
'"
__.a...d . " ' . Lknlup "'1eUcr1; of pe.KCI~;'l !lid. IInICWrld
m" J 01 : . l;N. pouDj ..... IUId _
t -10 "y _ iI ..p..al
i'iiOd:s; IIWl . . ~ 1M YaU4iI J ol f .'"
_ _ beNt 1114 odlcr c_ _ ect Q1 .wen.. ArMUo.I t...,.,
......... _tIll: ........ : c of Nh ....-.nc, _. __ wtlidI
_~IO~:t l ' IDlIldle-."pa'L rd....... bKJ<DIbe
K _ - W _ a I q dw ab!IOIlIlIe ~ ritt* ol AIr''dria or
dle Il:aI7 ..-hlc~ lei fonIl 'fie ICmII ol1lle Mdclial _ ' DO ll. nI6
A1tIeftitd IJIPI*1IO III~ ktfIl bia p/I:d.ec olloJKJ. fa ItIir1fIttI JQtlI
1Ucr." ~ E.asaet Icuer of AD 341, ...b'_hn loIl_ ~ readcrllh.-
ArR:Ir.I ill ilIli)plck. "WriDe Ixa """"";led wiUI_ CIlurcL -7ZI Tk
~ fJl dlll adler bl*'PI """'* "_pi" In
k-. otn&ia. It b oqullr ponib1c thal.lKy _ . W'n'
. 1 by Anmiao; is
(two ~
....m ". . . T)i lie 1illecI. ~ trid pi t D ,.Ie.."",) a1lo
bMI bed, boc:II oecowikd ID Ad' Mm. 01'. Ill!loqll '"""" likdr. Jilnply
""'die biIIlcIpI wid! ..... A/1Il::l>iJtlI _ ...... ;.e1 m r. cidaeo' ~
A/l'WoPiP Illd T)11l~WS 1ft Iisaed -.:II t/IIo lIipcn: 01_ pe......1lidI
... p ......lCed III T~ 0- bebalf ol AdIIaasi Z29 ..... Ialcr. ;. AD 147,
lbe:r In ,tjlOtlCd .. Uvia, "* In ion of thclr - . perhIp ItIrou&tl
dea!lI.no 1lIe remainin. bisllop ..... tiQncd. PlIniInIa. would ~ III
~ 1CC.aed by Ille MclctianJ. surprUingly "'-&!!. of pllyin......jar ..."
In IllelIlplinllO mlltder AncciIlS 11111 earliec ~"",.~1
There "'at. nn.al lind iDlril"inlIeqllel10 lhc cvenu: 5W1'QUJIdjD' the
SYfIOll ofe-.. JoluI An:haph, d>e Mtletian biIhop otMempbis II'Id lbe
chief ..... l>JeII" or Al.harwius in the Anenius alTair. ICllt .lctu:r 10 ComaIlIine
In ",bleb I\e. confessed hi. pan in the episode Ind "f.Ipres$Cd his
repellanCc.-132 Fllrlllc:rmore. it is implitd WI Arclllph infllmled the
elIIpeoor lllal be Iud ioInod dw: COOIdl...ion of the churd! and "M It peace
..illl Adl..wi....uJ Finally, he IajIlUled pe.milSion 10 ~'It'11O coun
(probIhIJ flOll\ Alnloc:h) 10 "I'PW" be!OR CGQtalltJ_'2Jol Thl: emperor
lmnMdiwlJ replied 10 Arch;iplI'. rcqucsL He _ ~ lOr "xDin& to
\he side IlII pmJ foelinp~ and ~ 10 mab l1li: of IIlc cwsw.J PI'b~1Lf
...e-. .136",
100 ...... ,
1- II'
'101 IIO,Il.alt.<IoI, plOOOlllllo ......._ IH,_ """" AIdIopIo
ioo AD 3D. Ilef<ft "'" S)'IOOIl o l e -
1Jll1'Wl~ 16-
Ul h _ .. 1/6 U. 13.' (8.... '1. 29-12. 2).
n,,,", 11.1 (o,ia. 14, 2S-2tJ,.
'"
2. lHE SYNODOFTYRE
20A,..,. n. , \OI>i... U7. n.2a): tf. ",. 71, S (0pIu., lSI. U-ZS)
~.:.~~.(~~I':,~;~),_ '. ok ; ..... _110&
ai_" I"Oii' D_ i......, ....... ~"""" I. 1
i .._I'd" ~ ,.,~ """ pdM>',
........-...., dr ."....._
a; t , .. ~ d_~AooI,I~.., (w It.., . iftrtJl"." r.. MIr
.....s.,. i~"r "'" flIIi_ hoI*f'f ...........,_ .. ; [uebiu,
v.... c__ IV, 0" I (Hciktt. ocs 1, 1)1" 111.).
2A'I...... IV2, ]; Dl- 71. 2 ('Opoq. 119, 2).
.nld"
m . to' ~t . . . . . . . .
101M.
l5O,......: ..... ,..,. "" " ..
n.
I (Op;Q, Ul .).
,.4'_ ..
~Nl. . flJt<w ~
llls.u, 1_. _ C",~.,.. U1~ 60. II. Jlfr..:..-...,..... 19'.
boo .......MI"'" ., IoqIh ill occtiooo 1.3.3 of . . ptUaII -*- II ill p<ri>opo
...ll"lQenI 10 _ " .. Ill.. jIlDo......... "'" sua ltd r..- ""P"<'i"I of
..-,.... po ..' ...... 5""" of Tyra ",Ilk" U' 1'1. ;. ..10 10 <OOIUin ill
r., rrom _w.o. AI !lao boa ...... ill Iho lUI, "'" U<inI of ,..".... ..
",1if.1y m-..w" and, .. has boon _ _ ..... ClOJIbdonblo olilroewJ6eo do
"", .......... 1lI~.. Iho.-.. of"'" 1_. F - - . . .. "'h"M'. "'
w.,. <II ""'" AnfIopil', polilioll II> lilt _ _ ..., lIio............ i; ..
....... iI - . ""likely lho' lie _101 hy. ""'01"" 10 pol;c, of orMkuI<
";'1-. .,,_, "'" Mollfl. . III E&7P< .. "011 lbo I_a u- TIoo _ of
di,,_
of c_. ""or
Atluroui.', 110-.. .-LaiIlOd ";llIi1o lIM Iww......u ......
.iIhin 1M Mclfti. .,.;.,.. _ _ IlIIiI8d .. "',.,;od beI_ "'" SJDOd.
..tioo,. Al th.l1
rivolty,. fr..... _ _ .... _
.... A ~ hM:I. .. _ poio"
, ..
of
~ ..
-101 ......
"'" ..'100< of ..........
,..,..... e6od . . "'" - . . .
-pow <II eo..y, to di.-biq "'" ' ........ .-... of "'"
tdd.cu. -.*rtk
it, ill f.... I 6 1 '_ - " ~
",..
~,.
-,bilil}''''
i
LP 191.
bodI..,ap<I
.. ," t Mr: f_lllnd
(""-" -illiloa '" .,. porioI ........
III - . hil..,. .. "'-~ - . . .. e - .. Tyn.. S 'opoR._
.... CO' - . _
..... .,.-. Tbon II J'"'I.,......
Iorto. """ .... - -.I _
P
., "'"_,
i-ilj'JI _ ...
OJ; ....
..-
_ wIdI, , .;dI S,- T,... .... S,- of e -
of
ond, .. ku _ "'W- olw>oc. ill _w.t "'... . ~
............. i " .. ill EI7JIL
,I '
'" 167.
III 1M __ "' . . ._ .. _ .. ..t)r AD",- an.-.
1
=f _ _ jw-
0
r
_ _
w--.
""....... 'iii' _
,-'lor _ _ . . . '" _
0inriI0I. F, ,. '" N'
1M IoioioI , _ . ia
,., ... 'nooopio _ _
.. oct II . . ...uIII_ (oloooa with """" ..,joaojlieil ""hDpol .r ... ;,uJr
ildtpl-s" _ ..."" w_ .. io>_')0:1....- ...... _ - . . .......
., TlfE EAltl.Y E!'tlICOPAL C\RED. OF A"T1lo\NAmJS
eM ullall,*-lIIlaaha1ldam-rrv"Mol
cwId !I& IIp'IleCI ~
...._ .. rr.a
m"""" md
mel-.:eo.
1Z F
dIIIrdL-
.... :_-=wtlidlrIlledAlhpasjaswilh.......,..forMM C' liod
-1iUlllclnlJ _ ....... IIastilc D Ibo FiaIll,.1lie 5,.... of
,. ..., ~....
h' ,. el_ ' bid
2.2 ~"'AIU~"'.S1-Jr;fT~
II Isdiflkull 10 NtC:fUin willi...,. dq:ret 01 ""inodlllbe~
wIlOdl_ anploJulllll tbIo Synod. olT~ P. BaliITol di~ betweao.
Eallan lad WQIImI.....;lj. proceduret. He ClllIUilIoR4lb11lyngdsol die
EallD ......b18 ... p t 01 opeft debate .. bidil WIll prIail;ed ill , . dIoob;
n Wut IIIOdoIcd chwdI t;OU!1Ci4 oa lbI: pno:aa. .... pItQll__ of IIle
R _ tcftalC.2'H1 N.H. Baynes. 'lli'id!oul m.oIdnlllle diJtillctioll be,Wtell
East IIId West, limply WIleS thai ~i1 lou lon, 1lwI fCCOI'Ilwi lIIat !he
proa::dute or \be. tlfl, 0Iristi... Councils ..... based uJlOl!IIIIl olllle R _
Il'Illte. '211 This 1IIQdd, lIo_ver, which inYOlYeilI "fila/I" in wttich 1M
"",au beln. di~ read to !he uoembly, fol\owecl by- role call ill
which f.IClI deleplO ted hi.I "Illenl;", artu whidl >'(Me "'. . taken,"as
IlOl Umlled 10 \he Roman smale but had bcelllakeft up by 1lMI mlUliciJWities
as wcll 272 In the case of !he Norlh AfrIe." .,nodI
whicll illdire<:tly
rolJowod this Pfl)IleU. lhe rcsolution """" VOlCd Upoll ""Wid be pboed in !be
_ _ . . . . ((!if....... ",. ril~ C~). "'-p nch _ 0tlI:m ,.;po .... &
""'" E jH- r....... , eo' E _ 1M _ ....... - - -to
...... ~. A,b;'" makes '" . . oIkeod F !I C.
'l6Icy. Sck...... G$1Il
:M,_t-. vn.. (R
2A6; ~
,
0<,... )
.",. ril. SU).
(f'(l2S, 2218).
0."'0.- JI-96.
111 N.H _ oIoe Go.- _ oIoe ~ C....,.,. _ _
adiEioIt" to-. 1971. II.
212q, ,..... i' .,.. PI E ul SL q,.;... S,.,.,- r-.,. CM. )1
(191)): l:ll-m.
AllU.NASlUS ANDllfIISYNODOFTIRI!
'"
1i;lmI1II'l<tler """"do _ IbaI . . 10 IIIl rJl1he b' pna - ' plaeed
1
_iii
italf _ _ III llnlited jIlfidic.IIlIIIbaric)'.17S A~ bod! F. I>'oontik
Md H. Hess _ b i t euua-Ibc.....1Oe III dudo J)'IOdI orp:III ....
xr-'*I modd ... ~ mucIcIe dle 1qillIli...e diIliIIl;.... ~ die
~ lid COOlcilla' III lila body, dlen: CII be Iiak doubt dw
~ U sinllla ~ ndllic;a%16 While. it is bcJ'OI'lllbe .:ape III
. . SAId)' 10 It fotlty Vpoa tlw: prowItn wIlicll .... . . " 11
o...... a of NDoa, It ..1IJt be -.:l lila tlw: ill ftOdd 01 s.a,.s is
..bIwlliutd oa.I, bt die _ _ I of El/.ICllllIS, whlc:ll ..., be pIxed
Con"'NillC ill more CellIIll1 posirim \han is rua, juRific:d.m
173/"~ .. J19.
17lbj~ .. 33.
1HC/. H. H.... Tb Ca"""" of Ow Cu",,11 of S.,~it: JI.l9; Hu.',
"".i<tIon "",."....1'1. lII& linb be<wecn .edI,";",1 1)'Md' """ lII& model of
JlomM .--ial proctlct 10 cl. . br. "" WIIoo.........-....,
._rdo . .
I, fa n ' _ bh ......_
...,1oa00lic0ll _
"'" wIopke 01"""""
. . . . . , b)'
1)1><0 01 civil
.......- _ Ito
~ '=wiIy porfonnool. Iy liIM oJ. Di<>cJefiall
11III C . . . . Ito ...s.t obIIpl)r ... _
of 0Itwi<.. I' 10 1horJ_ _ _ _ .,.o'f 'I <_ ....
P"' wei of\of . . -0"."". bototo.. "
III _ ..i.rieo'..-le of law; b , bUlod . - of -.....,.. poraIW ..
; cl
llooI.f Ito _ ....,_...... _ _ _ ...... ~
The Cb\lJl:h had 11 grelIl belid in lIle ~a11le of coullCils, bill hen: again
lhere were no llCCePICd rules to deletfnine ",1\0) mighllwnmon them ;md
whal jurisdiction mer possessed. The Council or Nil:lICll had. as we
"'VI' seen. put provincial couocill 011 regular rooting aII(\ defined thcir
competence. In IIOme area. IoTicr <:l)UllCils were sanctioned by
ltadltion. The bishop> of Rome and Alexandria From time 10 lime
summoned oouncib from !be Su.bwtlic:arian provlooes IJId from qyp.;.
Ind !be biJhop of Antioch from til !he diocese 01 Oriens. Council. of
Illlbe Afritlll provinces wm. reaularly held WIder the pre:siderw;y 01 !he
bisbop 01 ~ But eIie"""m llll:te wue 1'0 I'lllXlgnizcd uborities
10 ~ Wier COWlCils.
'I'1w imperilll"""""""al oflCn look Ibe iailialive. Only !be
ePlperor could SUllllallll a gcnenl councilor the ..hole cllurcb:
ConsalIIllne had emblidrd lbc ,"'Lulu.
a1 Nicxa, and ~ ... in
WI' cae 1'0 ce:a~ eleriwicll auIhorily wlUdl could EL Bul. Ibe
empen:w aIao oflea SWIlIIIOIled smaller COIlIIdls 10 deal willi some
........
$}'QOd olTyN .... from lbc DUUel, ~ In. VIrift, 01...,.. by ia
.,._ "n
1lIe pnlCIldan: whidl _ folJowe1 by lbt $)'DOd oITyN ~ 10
""'... Iadudod d I(lib 01. civil lI'iaIas ~U II dle 1iJM........ ed fdafi.....
.w
~u~~d. cwdcrilIl 01 1M qt:II<1L The synod beplI willi I lottler fltlnl
CaallIIIIliaoIlll tile bisbops .. .,bil:lI ha set knvdlloe _
be dlxUlld (... """, ).29" In Ihif; Ieuet lIe.bo:! .labli$lled !be
10
'"''''
1.1 Tht f>rudUotr. 1M S1IfOd D{"f'Jn, JliI,.tk1t1blr AD JJ5
HlvlllJ left E&7p. on II July AD 335. A!hPMhlt probably 1IJied in
Pboc::DIcla Iaier in lbe _ IIlONh willi lbe P'll"edinp beinc .. ilialCd
JhonIy Illcn:atltr. ~ I(UI .umber of bishopr wbo ulCndad lIIe ryDOd
rarWDs IlIIC'CNia. Soc:noler indicia .... only 60 bIsbops _ ...-.297
Hdele -=t:qJlI tlIiI ...... ber but - * I Ihal iI polllUI)' doc:I _ Ind* lIlc
EeJIIi- "''''M.,291 H.M. O..-.dtllo ..... PEt' lK _ _ vi. ~ 10
bve bocfI .~ UO. ind~ of lbe EI)'Ptiu dck......1M It is
fIOQllII:IIy ~ .:l pI.oe lhc IIClQl -tier vl.lIiJIq:IIpr-. III bee. == 110
aid 150. It is poaible Ibt lile Em:Uu biIeqlI lIN _ . . . vl.6daUy
=1_ dIM tbeir -.ltlmfcn,ltid _ ~ .. lhc IisI v/. jIodces
.. wIIidt ~ 11m acua. ~ - , . blstqII_ ~.:l
ki ' for lite 1ri1:........... IDd IUJ' Ilawe IlJived III dli$ po'. . . .y .ytOl.
.l)n .&I' d pmc-1i" !lid IftIcly tqlIL
....., dle pdlere41lls1lap1 Act ild _kl'-ve JOuDd,. <IUS
.......... Jo1Ia AIdlIplI., '* vi. "prit.cipal ~ or AlftIIaaIia . .
P"*ftl.1OO _ I witll .-.-. Olber MdcOIn hidqlr, iDe OlHnjan
or Pdasi-. EupluI, PIdlolnills, lsc (011 anpoIk?), Adri' v/. a.-.
.... Harmaeon vi. Cynopolil.:IO l AIDOIlJ lbe 0llIcr IloItiIe biIIlopI . . -
or
W'(ft. ElIItbillS Nieomcdia. Nams- 01 NIrolIiu., MaN vi. 0 ............
TlocopIi. or Nie, PwopbillII 01 SqUoopollJ, Gco:qe 011 lOfliccl',
or
TheodO,,1 HerlIe/al. MxcdortiUl of Mopmmi. l.InKlu of Siq:idwlIJDI,
IIId VIlIenI or Mursa, all of whom ta'fOl'Cld Mus'. ~ widlill tIIc
chllfdl 01 A1eundril:.3O:l. Eultbiu. of e.e.Cll IIId FIlIcllllll 01 AlItiocll
.ore alteady been mentioned and Wt/1l probiIbIy IlOt Illy IftCIl1l well ditpoIed
IOWIIdt AtlIaIII$i\ll lhan ~ biIhops IiIl11d abo.... In IddiUon 10 his OWII
bisllopt (10m EIYP'. mlny of whom may hlvo been ucluded flOlll lbc
polla>tdinp of \be t)'llOd, \be bisbop of AJe.andria .... abIG 10 muIlber a lew
frielldt. $ldI II Mplmvs of lerwalenl, Marcellus of Ancyn, ond the
vencnlble blallop 01 T1Ieualoniel, Aleaander,'O] DupiIC lI>eae few
SlIppor\e1S. h appears cenain LIIIt AL!wIIsiut and thoao widl 'i... u Tyre
_lIeavily OIIUlumbered by lhelropponllll.
Sotomea IW'I" 10 Illve !lad _ 10 _ IOlllClRIc or millUlC:l or lIE
poooeoclinp of lbe Synod ofTyre IIld PfO"'idea dle __ CllIDpIctc ICaUII 01
perllaps _in.
llllmedialCly before lIMo Ii_ or
Tyre.311 Atcllapll's lftllial sileftt:C ...,
II> 1Il0 ronsldendOlI oIa leacknIlip 1010 in lbe EJ)'Ilti:&n
dlurclllllouid Alhanalius be deposed as a IIIIUII of ~ ..Ilicll ~
beina: IICI forth.
. _. . . . . . 11oo .-t>l>< Ir.f. '" 11IO a.dI.. .. ioo .,...., olIIooop It.
_OOiOIO lU)' ..... _ ot&aooI A _ _ .... A . . . c-. ;. po t
frierldI bcr;-. ~ ... i .. ",pod III Ille. fIldlill. biIbop 01.11), '" 320
l1le Mel....,.. ~ ) dl..."j papLIar -.ppon (or 1Ile:Ir ""'''QUI A
.... II . . III .."., 10 . . .,.-s ... llido IUJIClNd II) COAI:IiIl .-btio:
," rn-dIa __ afAI... '''~'''''''''.'.""""",,..
1qIIId 10 ~nl .
Alh. .";" _ . ~ llilfIopI'" bop 111& bJ1bJ.....,.. ....
n:liiq dlaa.p.wllidl Ndboel ,uw.. lCd.l21 0:naiII ofllle."'T .
wen: draIa . . . CIlII of UncI. wtIiIf. odlors ..-e ldened 10 r..care "c .. of
Ihc. 1J1IIOCl.1U ...... ... . . - - 4T!wn.iu brfN&bI Anenim 0IIl of
1rilbIl. aad III rl ~ ~.... ~ bodI ..... bdOre I1Ie. UKIIIbkd
hishops ul<ilt& ... 0I'l'
_':f 10 ~ Men: dIey MIt .... cd I!M:ir
c,idt&:e 0111& &-..1 1Io . . woadtII belLDol
Pl:ttoIpJ.Ip""" A 'M ' ....... u....KUSI., ......... m
...... IS a1Jady ~ dIdr 1qlIJ. lbc7 -..l dla AdlInasiDlllaCl
\IIdefaI bi*lp, Ph' 10 .... 1101: DIe of Ancni.... ond 10
amI. n ..aIltCIt Illc. biIlIop of H)'llIde. AnaliIaI, "'_oa.
'-I
,,~
'.'q ... "." '*' ~ .. _ ...
.y.L '1, 1ft )pia, IU. 1lst, 4).
~ I..-M~
,.1. .,. ~.,..
.......,..-....., ~.....s- ~ ~:""'19,2fOpiu,140, ..
"
'"
INl. CMe IhouI4 be lItea I'CIt ICl pootide poondI roo an appeal by tbe ...........
JWtic:a.UI
Tk -.juril, of 1lIe bislIop:Iln Tyrc Iw1, early in ScpIember.....
ibeir 'Qt 10 ~ far Ihr. ..... jcarjre 01 tbe Oourdl U dlc Holy $epulcIft
- ' eat.sed ~ p1lIeriq wIIidt r......uy rullIliIaed Arim - '
e..... <_ OIIllnallboir pIltJ) ICl \IIc ........,..... ol_a.n:a.U2 i k
onily of Ilw. d11Kll. -.tidI. ee.n.ioc.." Ioqed for, ... _ ...
.........,. a:co&ii'"I' 1 FaIIooriIla a"'"
01 tt' , M_.tlidl1uRd
rro. I) .. 10"'1 .... AD
llleleplll"l 01_ ""i4icmmmji ";
ns.1M biIbopI i
_10 bW io ~ to 'ar
pea~ eM All
TIle lIidqtot ... ktodria,.lk>we_.llad alre.:ly fled. So- M ....... cbaI.
.
'" "Set.y.ot
)S4: HE n. 2S. (Ii'" n.1). I'
n,'" (OpiD. 10'1. l3-m 13.. (OpiU. 162, I'ft).
mS--HEI.n(PG6'J.I6U).
3JI, HE" zs.. is (1.-, M. 1"11).
'"
Sozomen "'potU !hat following thiI ICIlleIlCe of dcpo.siLioD ~Jo!nI
[Atd>lpbl and his ron-cu......, rclnsl3Ied ill fcllowslllp. . and ClIl:h __
pIaoedtpin in his _D clerical raak- -35') TIIis. howe_, wouJd ICaIIID be
J.
_ ...... or aa anomaly, .. JolIn had Qrlier bo::llltCriYfd by Ihc ICIIIpcmr
n. pert\Ipl. IenlponrilJ by
AJdqph, _
mdI ~ is prcblbIy ..
""'_ri.., Socralcs. wbile DIX .....ua..iIIg
.... AneIriuI was JUI(Rd 10 ~)60 A,pil>.
They lisa ~Iartd in this Jetter that lhey hill been forc!l0 brinS this
CCIlldtnwtion upon him ri.t.. Atharwiusj becI~ .. he>I tQfIInWlded
by !he em~ the preoeding year 10 IpPear berM !he eu.=m bis/'oops
...110 ""'U'e illlwed at Caes3Iu, he dUobcyod the summons. Itept the
bilibops waillnj for him,.lIIIi 21 aside the commandli or the ruler.
They also aaICd !hal ... hen the bilibops had IISCfllbled 81 Tyn:. he 'M';Il1
to !he (ilY intend"'&: 10 <:lIu5e diswfbanee$ and rioIf aI Lhe synod.
bringinJ "';111 him a IIqe retinue {or ttlis fJUflIO$e: Ilw. when ~ k
oI"lCII rdllled 10 n'ply 10 !he accllSlltiMI brou&bl apilISI him. insulted
individual bistqIs,.-I ....""'" call"" Idon!beln he ........ ota ~
IllllI III Other limes did not allow himself 10 be jada:ed. In the same
-
~ of ~ Il>d 0Iber~- bil' cPO. dlc """11k&, ditspite
~'I IUl:r as:laUCft 10 "-11& HcnDit. ~ .,.,;dy Ira'oe beaI
been presente4 10 Dionysi... ond had., apparently. boell lel ..1cle: "'WhiJe
lNoI.loen MM prOl:eedin. in this 1IWlIler, 00'C wilhdrew from them,,, from.
plherinl of dupllcilOuJ 1ll('tl. fOllhey did ",!wever tI\l:y wl&bed,1fId lhere is
no man in tbo world wbo ooes lllOt know thai pOQCeCldings r.vorlnl al"l:le
'*'1 CIJWIt tit uP'dd. pid.-w
The p\a:Inc:lot oIlhis p ... pecedeI AdlanI$iul'. napilUlaboa of
dlc proc:ecdinp U T)'R and his unati..., of . . ""'P'IiO" of tbr. " " - ...
Jennlelll Fn;a tbr. aIIIIcxl 01 Ills ItCOl'" it llu bea I,p''''''' 1Iw
Al1INslas -.ed)' ~ ~ llIlrirlc 1Ile ~ ltI)'I of AsI,pal; or .. carty
~ of $q:Ilc:nIbu. AIlIolp -0 uaa ..... lQr ilia ~ u.s bolm
"c__
"'ct P. r-..
~_.r~..,.
-c
........
Alhaus:ius's jowney,llowew::r. is :ppro..illWed. hllvilll bs1c:d fally twO
...ben questlolu of occurity and order ItO$e il .... $ qyilC IlIlural for
so:iItJklnllO be Ulled.
Seeaily "'as _ noubly I prclliem .1 ilIe COIulciI of Tyre.
1lNb.,....,ly lhe most disonlerly millti even say uproariuus---of
III the _'is. ... Dioaysius bad AI hit: <:orlUIIIIld dcw:b1JlCOl of
toIdieB. They ae nriousIy caIIcd "Illiliury paards.~"fo.diJlClS~(dlal
is, VtIliJu), ..... impc:rial detIcIifDt:f.... ~ and "!bole ...1Iom lIle emperor
had _ 10 lIIIillllia Dfdcl.~ 11 is cbr 1Iw1hey -...ere imperial panIs.
Evenu stIuwcd iIw ibc pards were needed... The bisllopll
hostile 10 Alhanasius ...ere 50 iallerosed lila !hey allll:kcd birD ia I
369Jl--. C
370H o.N , A. M
371s. I HE
~
n.
_ r~_ 23'9.
214.
..
367 FuMl ""'-I.... vm (H_~. A. ........ D3).
36&IIN~~ ....... "t:Epi\oll><." ~iI~ 13<'.1'
Is i1111Q prwibl, 10 P'W"lar IbIl ...... ' . ' . fIi&bl rn. T)re-
IIOl N 01. .. elClpilll pri hit ruher or _ ..110 _ _ D
Coft..a";'" .. _ or ~ CUAOdt'
NeIIlurwl aape 011I raft IlJ saWl . . boN ~
CmaiftI,.
II , _ _
Illc
1""1 ':T IUc. wlia Al!lalIIsiIB SQtC!I1lI:III fi,. EoPciIa t II "" ........iPs
AnIDoII.~ ...,....bi<w .-lPtIU,aDolwboln l>adbeea.~
WIII'r. p _ Coas\IntiDople. il.Im, ~r .''1'''' tim on llilI
jouraey.l13 If lIle jowl. 0{ !be syllOCI !lad, ill fKt, been w.pe..decllO
"boo- Illc bidlopIlO mate Ibdr way II) \he ceIebmiont ill JCIIIAJem (13-20
$qrlllmbcr) II IIU, be possible 1<1 SlID'''' thai AlhanM:iu IJld ILls
toIllf*IklnIloft T')'re \IIIIdef !be proIlion 01. DloII)'SI1II about 1M _
Ilme. ~ IuP ollllc joImey WllIIId lIlad>y be _bed 10'" fony
dltys or taI_ woWclllJow far Alhanal:iIoI'.1"tliru ~ wltlI lila.
AdaliDcdly.lOIdI. ~jmi"l ol1llQe W1&1ed 8Ild ill-reponed cI2W
illlrpoclltticaI. \IuC _ ..., .u thal in tile lar Iw of COUtl!ll;"" II
wtIltll ,eun4 Al!IIRal;iI.lt 10 lUI ...,. d!O! _ Wnp1M4 III ~ for
l!le blIllop'.uik _ _ of proectiorll'rora 1liI _ _ .J1. DeIpiIe lila"
uaerUoas 10 !he oonoary. _ llUy.lbc::rdore. poulbl'J qllllltion ....tJcI/ler or
llOI AlbInQIus'. fli&bt horn T)"Je was undct lbe prolOl:t1oII of imperial
'ijlllcrily lind ...., hive JlI1l"'ided l!le aeoesis for ..""I ...........Y. been
asidtrcd I face-AvllIi lllClV)l device. If this it allowed poa.IbiUly. !he
_ount ill Lhe Itllto' or Conswuine II u.-y be .en as IOI'Iltthllll 0IIlet ltw1
polile flCllon.
Wbc:llAtlIIII&IlllllIId his CDmp;aDim"llIrivcd in COftSII.n~nople 00ri:I8
lhe lllltr ponio/I of Oclllbu, Comwlt''''' ..as 001 in lbe cily. The emperor
appearl 10 III.. len Lhe copila! fill" N"lC<lpOlis on Ill" .Ilow 2\ 0e1Ober and.
rewmed 10 ConQlllinopk, tIOCOCdiDS to A, Martin'. calculation" Oll JO
0e1Ober. wlocrwpo. be encoun~ ALlwlasiUl.37S Al/wIMIlJI had moa
a - I"'. 1160111.
3'73"",,, .,. '2 (Opa. 16l. 4.6). For doo po fII _ ........ Do
Tyra "'..... : iii,! .. t 1 : . ' _ . . . . ;o..q. .. <:0-_ <t.
11.'"
1 .,.
......... IOIIIiI 1 ~Io = ...... 1k E_lIOooo ,...,. " - T)N """''''' 0I'i0Ili0.
,.
probabl)r been Ipp of fIllbt; Ii_ and ~ 0/ Ihl: (:101"....... 'J - . r ..
~ enIeftld IIle cily 001 1lcnebKt. lbe bIsllop of AJeunckia "is
~ bIoclcd dle wly MId 'pp<a:load die empen;w in ~ .. ;~ or
1M f'OIIl..- Alhanasius'. appearaacc _ .-do \hal CorIIwlIinc did ...
.........zr him. r.... II wlitdy 1IIou.1hl: bi*'P Iud dialed hiJudf u.
.......... aJlIlouP be. . . . auempud IlJ ocIiq III ~ his
..... cc Ji.... iI is dar IlIIt Joe po .. lllMIdt ... 'OIccd ad
~4epeftd",,'p)i+" ill!II: ... J ,116
Ala lIleaapeoor'l ...,.mrs ~ Ibt; bisbap'.ldwitr IlIlI
mmplaiDl, ~_. e-untix rdllStd 10 J'al'1 .... bon.,; .... pmonal
1Iaria..... _ eloa III ha~iq !be bisIlop Jordbty tetllGoecI f.... lhe
'*"'ay. At I!Ie ~ ll" A',,", .'" 6ecllncl1llal toe IIkecI o-Iy one
ra-.
T t
1. ~..
S HE n. 21. 13 (Biola, tl.
'"
ElIdllIm ",110 /wi ...... lheir way 10 COnI\IIIlinopie Jill'~ Illclcd rlUtbrs
IIIX'UWion 10"" ,.,1lkb '-d been 8dVlnced dle synod..
Willllhll Dri,iDallynodal <:ondemnalioa of AlbaoIUi ... now. for aU
in_ IIld ~ _ aaIX"'" tbc _perot ~11Ile m:all of dle
biJbcp:110 ..- ..men .. ConsWltillOPle. EuatbiUl 01 NioooaediJ, aad doc
OIlIer five biJbcp:I_Dd IIplOI _ coura 01 KIica. 111 .. inIerviI:w wid!
o.panrinc, ~ 011 IS ~",bu. 1.1 wlliQ; 1M pn>A'hu. . .
DpdM blsaqlo wrn abo ~ Ibqo ICltUIld doc biIllop 01 AIc.wdrio, ol
-.:NI ne .....
-li-
_oIl/1e<:hup_1tIa~....
10 ~ lhc I"MIpOI'IIliaa 01 pUl r- ECJ'P. 10 rw-eminopk m
WIlahot AIIw ". Ihc CIJIlXlIUDitJ 10 _ _ *is dlaJe is
....-... W'laen t/lebilklpol AIe.. ndria rdMal d1B' .... t . . . . r-r
~ aI\co" . . Cetll., he JWed 1ba IIle empcrar ~ 'luiell)' ~ aid
d
ADd )'U _ -..Id MIl ...... illiD& let 4ic~ tbc "'lll'lII ill wllitll to
lUll)' "'l'iIm 1lI0I: fcII caosni~ 1O do Ioanqe III . . I iCe'" . .
IlIOUl IfO"'J(IfJ NniMlZ"'l" euIau illOO~, ppIOUIl'oI
IIIOdem ~, Hooter', will li.e wll,le Eftilip iI IPQI:tl: IIld
Oibtal .nltatloI fDf A'~.vh'l.' bonl r\lkI 0 ( _ illht .. DIe
1iplfk:IAt. coUt,; r-r- OM ..... I;OIl)d biOI: IQ tor
Ovdl benleI.,. 1m t aaa.., bel!lou&tlt oprifQllJ wont.,.
of rer;olJoc:lia. " Iloe dtqI reli&i"'"" n . Iloe _ _ ied
1 _
._l\rn:a"'
.... "
IUUOIII "
, ...,. ri h $0..... """ bam'
dlealT"'" v :.wbid . . . IllnlIO
........-
od tbc Il't:II. ~ trod CIIwdHUer .,.;m Dc
': til
_
... -.:1 _
TM _ . ,
. . 01 AD m
__'.or-.
" .....
or' 01 ~"lb'M.j_ ~
lOllqool..,. ... F I _
...-
sa.-
lEA. 1; (1m);
$on:Iio . . . . .
, .. - - . of 1M FUI" l.cIfD ... AD 1K. no.. 5m
01
W.~_
~"'.
....... _
.. How-t.
'No........... lba ...... aiIq: T)ft .......... .t ...... -
dr_.l; _.SaIdi<a"~b7H.~n.C_.,.
e-IJ. .,s.4a, 01ilnL. , - . 9ff.
,,,
_1-"'puoOul nalU, Ibe MOnUtie ~llIliliu wut ......1'.
t " P'OCP' lite I!Ie Collqbi",. _ Mt""
.. Iidd ...., ;. _
..... rep.. .. r... _ -id-lhisd cetCWJ' Ille IlliWlk 01 boIll ~ -.I
W_ _ biItqos _11 Ale t i.I Cal Gal1 be ibc4.. t"&*""
Ma 01 .... "'*-ius !lis ....,. )'l'aQ biIllap -'ted f:tGI'
lhiIea.b_....c. 111M be ...-o_Jial fipre. _ ill . . ~ l'C'W*
01 <:IalM be dclricd. 1hM _ " 01.. 0001'' ~
i"t1coillOll 1bo be """'P""
nc q 001 All' ',.', chat .... ill!llelc ewl)' ~ 1lcJweo<oa",
~-';" ~ dlilIll'Ud, .... beiq " p1aocl 1lle Ioa,........, IUdy 01 die
founll.--y ...... t;Vlllooo' by1be 111& RJ'.C. ~.1k ~
f 1M CIIrIsIi4Io l>tJclriM ~ GDd. wu poblisbed. IO AIIbouck II is . .
pouibk' 10 do Ml ,iusUa: ~ .. Ille IDJII(:riaI put forward by " - - . IOlnC
.............. be . . 01 ~ poiJllI '*"idI are ~ scnn- D die
~ ..laIch brIe beell .-itcd in abe ...... body ot 1Il1l..... FlrR.In wbal
is allUllWflll ~ of IIIMCrials and IllUOCeI, ~ ripl/)' peleei_
Ibe cllanaa of Align_us iD lbc carty yean ot .......1ICl:lPUI .. briJlI
aveQollO OWI..clelltllldin, of Ibe periocl.lI Ullron-d,. Kaua hu
teCqlltd. albeit ..itll tome: ~ Ibe witUl.Cl of ",he;.. by
Sdntanz, &,r-. Uld XleiIL 12 FurIlamI:n. Ibe III at P!lilllAoIPzs.
..1KIftI H.oa_ rccocniza lIS ..... UIttlne Arian,' Ire cglsidenc1 10 be
~mocLrBW- an4 MCoasequrlltlJ all tile m~ WOfUl couldainlJ.-1]
ConcemiIlc Alhullsilll" elecOon 10 Ibe 101: 01 Aluandril.. HIn$OlI wrilQ
lhilllle biaIlop - _ indml decled. b'"llOl by .... ;fIl~ IIId _Imam
KClM1IIlion, and IlOI wi1llout suspicion of $Iwp 1DCtlce.-\. Ko doeI Keept.
howe_.1hIt the Melelian bishops were I"'Obably nc:ludcd r..... the eIetUon.
allllouth LhilIliw.uon is nol COIIneCted with the 1'UIIt.- 01 the ll:h;sm.l~
Althoullh mllth mon: could be said abo\Il the panlculan of his Wimale
ot AthanMlUl &Ild !he circumSWlCe$ ourmundJllI1he Synod ot Tyre. HI/UOIl
hat h;m~lr pro~idelI In ;ns\1\lCti~c: .ynopsll 01 Ibe ""!erial: "When
lhudore we II')' to roc:orutr1ICt dle eW>l1S ...hicll-...cd A!hInui", (rom
hi' electioft;,. 328 umil Lheeo...cil olTyre in dle ...... _01'33', we mWl
bear ill mind Ill-. our lII&iJI ;n(0JJIlaIlI (Al!wIasiUl himJclt) II delenninoe<110
conc:eII ~I ....... beIIrtiCJr by a1Je&inIllw.u _ ilI-emed by pe.opIe 'IIo'llo
..- da"F"wl IlMxics, and IbM _ of ~ !ell ollhe IOlIJUI, and _
100....
II ~ ....if. 2l9.11:J_
n/6W., 1AO-1oI6; ~ _ .
,f .. ot Ad .....
_iri_ . . ....-
1 t- V'"L 01"21).
of Sdl_
16/""'_ m.
11,W~ u; 2Solo.
11,,,,,,_ 151.
1"IO<l~ ~.
20"'14.252" flo. U To lbo ~ .......... _ . . .!IIoo T_
c.r_ _ , _ S"",* lIdd ... 0."'" Ia A _ 1911
,.-1_Ilio""""
.... '""' ...__ .. '
~
"W''''
10
01 .."'...,..., At 1lIls pDiII, I
II) LP I'H """"'.
bu beet _ _ illaoiI: ~1IIIdy, is bs .... Ildpful. Mtrt' '; 01
dle _ -'ij:tI it dafts 10 IqIlXL ......, ",.-..., boIIl C(Illc.uuaI..:l
wllidlllne btaI ...,' cd taeo-e. ClIle'
Jqe IlIII ~""'UrdQ/. ~ lbcpel-.l ~ IIIOllb
_III...,.
1C::UWII........ .........-d..reprdlOU' 1914. iII
be
IO iauaI
As E..A.
wIlo hl:d ill ......nclriI wae... rlllt!lu ~ ,.jpI be. WlIIt IOlt 01
EI)'IltiIlI_ p" ~ .. AD J3( is pII<1 b71l1c - . . .-ollbe
old ~ Qll. -dllll the .-eslollbe 1lippocII...... dfOClioody within dle til}'
;!K1t? l Flll\beln........ lIid H.t 8dI111Otice sucb an iDl:au~J wbea lie
ctIoIe 10 nIlIlJIe roof in LP 1914 as "'1IosIel'" rlIdlu ItIan ~
did in u> 19131 2 C\earty this I"'PY"" posa IIlOfe " " "...., lban il
_was ",idIlny d~ of l;:Cflailtly.IhnsoIL" OYeI'llepelldenu apoollhil
docwnent Ill"'" place in _ dotIhl ......,. of hill cond...... _nina:
AlI!:tnuin c-.:ltr...,bd..... <!mmI theccly rand"- f, :ptt'
H _', lIUlmCn\ of l.Il~ Sr-od 0( Tyre Is 1(laI,,,~ lIloOfC
c~ ~tbcu&h bee jlI"CJVideIl ~ briefN"Xl"q' of1lle p """lnp.23
He KUo"1edca that -c.x1m3slical ctl""d l, ~ IlJId. Lont contblllOCllO
be. inteftlCly UIlSItIsflClOlJ' orpm of jwllee, .. itt!out fOf1llI Of .-ldinJ;
Ol'den 01" ~n ....110 COIlId COIIIJOI tbem Of _ COIIau.., or Vl)Ies."lot
Once. more. howe_. lie acecpu \he leS!imony 01 AdIIllISllII'. mtm~ wilh
liUle n:aard rcr COIIIU.I ItI4 ....1eS Ihallhe bisbop of Alo:xandrill', supponen
~be"."Cd d~rlnl !lie IIIISlion of Coulll:il in distwbin. and lIItea1ellins
1lIM __ lllCIlllal "bil enc:O\lIlI;jl........t Over ..vefJl)'W'll1O bis IU\lPClI'ler:J m
behave like hooU,1llS was now recoilin, on his own IQd. ..:1$ AJlhoulh
Odor<l .. 1'17. ""'....,,'ef..... ooacemod 01111 willi \loo. IUNU dlfrlOllltieo ;,. lJ'
1'1., or ... hkh HINOII - . . DO ....-. .............1 1'0..........."""', lI\e
",,-.fI;IaIlMIerial jW_ _ io lbis I!Msis.
2'EAl\ldf.. 1'bc oItiost Use of M_1toI rOIl M. .' (P. Coll. v.......
0ripIa of 101__;";_ - J. ._ P, _lor _ C , , " - - 20
77)
tI,'I1): 'Iloif..,....,.
it : h , ..._ _ " , . . p>poptly
" '.1IolIIc _ 10 1I:oo"'Gooo of. S ..- (U' I"" II. 1).1')." _ _
s-"''' olil _ _
'"'""- ...,.
or "'1<,
_
_it, _lloo_ io . . . . . ~ .... lloo
(LI' 1'1., 1.9), _ '''I. t1 ..
...... N , I' _ ..... io Dorlq_
CIIriod_fio'
.... ...,. _
.... ..-.y.
... L
_
P' ;J
in""
_."-;"10_', . - -.op ..... Uoe
No _ _
,~_'.';;LP
,;
"I" 1.16. ...
'cl), r- aon. J_ _
LPC19n.
- '1.2;
62
""1
""-
:I _ ,..........
2.,.....
2 3 , , - . do.. 25f..262.
,,~.
:160.
'"
-
~ lI1lowIlbIt 1beR ... __ air of aemesiI" IboIoIIM SJftOd 01 Tyn:
widl .epnllO ilf PO' ~iag:r, lIII iii.. 11'0', is PYUlN Ihtle _ (n1 is)
Iiak *'obt IIboul AltImlIsilll'l .....26 Haugn ~ &he 8Ctiau 01
... Nabod, e:- pn:II:E l!Iu ... puceediap Tyn: _
. . . . . of jasI
1 'in& 1lIedi~r.:iIlJ_bdbopIplIacdlbln_"'dley
COoIld 0-11 ~ oa 1IlC'ciflc.. ..... .-.aI. dIoops,'" i t _
dm".QlIl1O olIcU C'O"~ oalpOCifoc cbIpI. Be lIl8r w cr-
AthP.m- III ~ 10 defend kinUdt. l1lol t t0( IriI
.....
:U1tU~U2.
11111i4.
21/.~~ m H _ .............. "'" daiot. of N. S
" , - , . . / ~ - . . ~ 1919. U1. _
......... i0oi1\11 .. -.II poui1llo"
-A_.i- ..oo. pu-.
tH_'. tnMI~.r
..
u..,
:cI, U <Tis'
~
-
W..,olhoo of """,.. n.."
poIiIi<al. , AI.....,. _
jI' 10. 1M - ' - .......... 1M
01. ",""""",,",..-a. &... .-
lo0oi ",.,"
c-....,I,
29 H _ c.. an.
'"
n.e pieW'e 01 A....".. wlllclllwl _ ... 110 ~.,..,. 01 ~
- . : I I po I ,"'" ial/lia Sbldy ii, ~ J . Cat lIltleftM tro. ...... lias
~ owined ...... I bd~ WI -uii. aac:rtiou C(lrlCUllm, A1llarI&Pus
III.,. III IUde OIl ~ basis of .... mearcb. Pt'teInme.1 IhUc
...... dzaw:' . Ihol.lIlrnilfltlelle." b1loc .
""Ok 01 A..... . dIM .... 1Ie ,,: I rn.. .....,1
II;*t r.-
idcspUKI GIl;)
die...;0.-
oJ """kII bid MdeIiIfI F'lInhcr-. dIcft.""", liake.1cka::e..
01. _ 'w l!laI ArM- apl"'" ..
Ill;'; 'ioll ~~ widliA 1liI-.. em-ty, doc 01.
OR...,. Nazianza piooides no - " lUG " , tv'III a.e..tI dIoo.al 01. iI:I
~_ variouI fe'1.
uPl"$iwe 1t\t;1OriC:.J~ II is, ~. likdy thal. ,ClOd deal ol violence
of !he ~ d\tlrclI .... y 1laYe ..... pIa<c dIIrin&
~ COIIl'toe 01 lbis turbIlIent period. bw the ev_.,~ illdieates tIw no
putic:uIar JIIIft)'.....::II kaI aD)' """ pr:noIl, _ e<dldiely respansibk.36
Fiully, tome evaluation mllR be made 01 I!lD$c eYC1llll ad
eircumsuo_ which led 10 the Syaod of Tyrc an6 the rll'lt uik of
....._it#. This Sludy _lmds lha lime cYCrllS"" ciI_ ......... ..tlidI
kd 10 lbe S)'lIOd of Tyre IIIIUl be 'D'ridrftd. im~. lIle Pl.btrinl
iadt'm. dxnfon,proride lbe ) ~ for~ wbIl
IIOOkpla<c ill the_mer _ _ of AD])5, Ally hislllric:IllWl'Mioeis
_ IIIan Ics consUlIIml em.....' ....., ItwI. inlOnJlltion Iboul pIac:a.
daa.1Ild ~n'N' r iI is adul&lk>p::al MrOIIfl( olllClians "" plZ3Da WI:I
1llOIi-. ~ Ittic8I: and mOli\'CS a:miDr; fO&aber Ia panialI. CYeIIIS. To
. . ._id lIlemoliYa .... Ikir ............ c:erlllidyfeqUim~1bouI
the ~I illvolVQ1,~. in:slillllions. alld clDcumenll. bull111ks1.
l)'IIl/Iesls is made of Ibcsc da.......ilh CKh Olber Ifld ..iIJl the elcmcnl ol
time. we we Idl. ..itbaw. IN!: 1IislIri;aI ...... tive. T)Te. IIlcn:ron:. caDD<lt
be viewed ill i ion.
To ItIit end IIIaw: allf';InpIed 10 pbu the Synod 01 TJn: wilhin the
CClIIW.lolllle ...... y-ur:r .,.......~ot Adlana5illlll bdon: lIlecmpt, .. , lIle
Meletiatl tcltism ill Egypt, tho evolution of tuOOI Ia.., .,nodaI ~
arid aUlhocily, IIId lIle earlier, bul similar, deposillon of Eusathius of
Anlio;;h, To lhese 'lUicd canleIl1l:Ll ele"","-u romrnenu IIaYe II1lI been added
_millg Imperil! luthorily and it< n:lalion$hip witll synodal dccm:o. Il is
clear thaI lhe calling of the SyDOd of Tyre "'II concerned Ie with
ALhanuius'1 alleged m;scondoc( in Egypt lhan with llll: ElLlebian party's
de.lire 10 rid i!Se1f (If ill OpponenlS and SOCW'e the readmilSion of Ariol and
hi. fellow. willlin the Egyplian church. h also seems probable thaI
A!llanasiu,J WII ~w~ of the Arian influence upon the mllChinalions of the
Meleti<onl and Lhat!he Arian party 9ti!llin ElYJlt poled no rcaJ lhruII io the
early yun oIbis episcopae. a11lJou&b!he IlilWltion in Ubya may have teen
diff<mlt. I would CCIl-.d 1lw !IIese bY]lOlbt.loes .e 5llpponed IlOI ooJy by !he
iDwnal evidence of !he documentary ~ themselves but also by !he
ne _ ~ _ ob.'"
~ bodI \!Ie biIIIop atA""IllCIria...., JoM ~ __ Ill: ., t:d..
1lIOli........ dail'& tor Mil, wia=r, IK
East<ra dlul'l:ll. ~. ~ilt this _,. fU'I.1A llle priIlll: ~ fcc
eoa,IMtillC'. ICUons. it doesllCl uc:ludc W. poI$ibiHl, Illallh= ~
odler lIlillOf fllCllCln, possibly politicallJld _allie, .bid! wen of Dlle
UnpotWlCc.. ThIl combiJQlioII of Imperial rupeet - ' !naslnolion .ilb
AtlIanasild ..bieh cllbninaud in bls baIlilllmen., wIIiIe dlmclIll for Ill..
CoManlint ""'It"
moclem ruclcr 10 WIderIwlll, does seem 10 bvc bow ~isten( !rail 0(
was c>.cn:ised in his ~1.tloDshJp wllh 1d8 \lVic1y of
chUftIl ~ T.D. Samet hal COII'\II'ICtIIC lIpG1l tIIis flCCl olQlnslanrl~'1
.-
.I...;'~_;
oo.apWtA'1lIftMi...... 1ke.fy yanol_
be lfi=iaoed out ollQood., aq. _ aa be. 'N bed
~ no pmi....... of lbese dufteI -.. irwbd, d!e Iiuca of . .
S)'IIOd ofT)rc..,. beup6liDod ill l<m1I of r- u ~ 10 the EcfIlim
d1-" taiIl d\IlIlllnlu:&b ...,. 01 ils iDDDIIl:lIiliIIp or IIlc ~t of ill
bisllcp. l1w. iNlnIl n ill ~ espec:ial!r ~ IIle Mdel........
Colhllllian -=llisnIaliQl undoulMedly conaibutiac fED. bal lhe
cvideKe...,.., "III lIIcse d~ scbismlOc:l we-. e.cowlW<4 ....
m ...... "" 1IIe ~ . . . . eI. br&cr plIlIlO Ill.. An., lUdmiQcd
willlill dlo: f:opciIlI ~II. R=lurse III Ihe _pel'lll' _ r. . employed by
thiIm ...., bcfln ...... Ii. . after tinIe the tllIrJa 1piII. AthInuiIIr
_ .dlu..1 T\r. desire 10 1It.I~ Alhanasi'" IAll*" bef_ J)'JIOlI. in
_ _ rea j.....'" of Eo him, ...... bI>l -ocr put of \IIiI __ pro::ca.
ne talliDt: of Iloe 1)'IlOds ol Cacsma InC! Tyre, Illero:fGnl, c::aIUlOt be riewaI
in the _\IClItioui KUe <JL leSlS of &Ui" 01 illlllXUCC but u lI'qlc: tno.o
aw.,,10 r..... iliar 10 our 0 - calIUfy...... verdiN or ....iclI Ad been deQdr:d
r.iJIlMMDceoflbeir _tina.
In doaiJIi Illis stlJCIy of the early episc:opal e.cer or Alb_illS of
AIc:UlIllria, I tonl'eu I!lal !hen: is mil much 10 It... _.,.illl Ill "iIaIly
impo,wll period of the blshop'J life and career. Pl:rhl,. new 1OIRe. ..ill
tome 10 HlhI. or furlllet Investigation of prelel\l telIlR:U m.y yield new
illJi,hIs. Ytlll:&l\l\Ol but fttl tholllle bishop deserves. MllU r,~ tblJl 10
serve lIn"". lerlulUions continually u ... example of fllO'lh-n11l1)'
1I11l1lilOr or In ll/IJII;rupuloui churcll politieilll Of LIlo laIo CoosWII.ifliln
epoch. For oJl!Iou&'t dle~ may have been times when AtlwIIIllil wu rub
or lIls IIlOYaDCrIlI ill Jud&ed, IIlore is liuJe JOIid ewide_ from lbe urly 1U"
oIllis eplll:tlI_lIw he behr<ed in lbe runnu ..hiellllU been suue-ed by
I(l ....., lllldletl 0'Iet Ihe put three ............" ., _ III _ ..!her lha
the _ 01 HIn>Io;k, .w-p 51i&l:&lY 0mWtId . . . . tltIl _ _ d
Ilis 0*rI tim&, _Y yet JlfO"e 10 be _ _ . . For AlllINsius
lllIfI t!oll ..~ d lIlIll7 CUIIUll..... YaitlQ:: ~If _ _ Ilinl by
t!oll R . . . 01 tois tioe, _ c=. ~ IICIChlrtt \plbIo or . . . aboat
. . ....0
J9fWol~ uo.
"0,,- _ H_ _ H'-7 '" Dros- ~ .-.~ .... l. _ - .
E4iIolMp. 11191. U.
APPENDIX: LONDON PAPYRUS 1914
...
V.rso:
'"
dlliolls . .d Traubtioas
A ...~ ., 1II.rf.U; .,
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A,buml _I A1u.utI....
J"d."., ~ :t~ d~ ...... 4Jl'- /1QTtpow. Vols. 1_
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r
Ap(1/(>6~ <I &r,.mv eo.uu...a
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.,/IIIUUf. Edited and
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(lh ~ J . T,. '.....
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"'Neoor.~da DicQysills .... dill Pw\lI_ A~ ...
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---c'-""'-
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bJ' ltD, B'- and F, M... J,wkcA /IT A.-dU w c.vu-r-.
.. ' 1't'OI. 10(1913): 2.45-2S7.
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~,aliJcIdbJ'C KaMcrlIieacr, nl~3. Paris. 19'14.
-..:... "1k""""" Cl( Ariua.' nIlS. NS IS (1964): 16-31.
- . Rniew of 0.0, Draps, $I. At........,'"
nIlS, NS 39. 1 (April 1988): 22S1.
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1~1oJ~ d'Atb.nuc..~ In PDII/if" ~f IAlDf..,f~. cdlted by C.
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