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Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls
by
Dr. Richard J. Bathurst
GeoEngineering Centre at Queens - RMC
Royal Military College of Canada
The information presented in this document has been reviewed by the Education
Committee of the International Geosynthetics Society and is believed to fairly represent
the current state of practice.
However, the International Geosynthetics Society does not accept any liability arising in
any way from use of the information presented.
segmental
facing units
shear key or
mechanical
connector
geosynthetic
reinforcement
layer reinforced soil
geotextile
wrapped drain
retained soil
granular
levelling pad
foundation soil
Example masonry
concrete segmental
retaining wall units
(Bathurst and Simac
1994)
Not to scale
Facing Blocks Being Cast
Different Styles of Facing
Blockwork wall in S E Asia
Wall in Residential Development
800
Gravity
700
Walls
600
300
200 MSE
(Geosynthetics)
100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Height of wall (m)
Koerner et al. 1998
Blockwork Wall Adjacent to Highway
Construction of Walls
Codes and Design Standards
NCMA Design Manual (1996)
External
Internal
d) pullout e) tensile over-stress f) internal sliding
Facing
L
a) base sliding b) overturning c) bearing capacity
(excessive settlement)
Internal Modes of Failure