UTTAR HARYANA VIDYUT PRASARAN NIGAM

33 KV SUB STATION,
MORNI PANCHKULA

A TRAINING REPORT
Submitted in Partial fulfillment of their Requirement for the Award of the
Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Electrical Engineering)
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Dr. NIDHIKA BIRLA MUKUL
H.O.D (Electrical Deptt.) (1215786)

Department of ELECTRICAL ENGG.

Seth Jai Prakash Mukand Lal Institute of Engg. & Technology
Radaur-135133 (Yamuna Nagar)
(Affiliated to Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India)
 ABSTRACT

A substation receives electrical power from generating station via incoming transmission line and
delivers electrical power through feeders and this is used for controlling the power on different
routes. Substations are integral part of a power system and form important part of transmission
and distribution network of electrical power system. Their main functions are to receive energy
transmitted at high voltage from the generating stations, reduce the voltage to a value appropriate
for local distribution and provide facilities for switching some sub-station are simply switching
stations different connections between various transmission lines are made, others are
converting sub-stations which either convert AC into Dc or vice-versa. The various circuits are
joined together through these components to a bus-bar at substation. Basically, sub-station
consists of power transformers, circuit breakers, relays, isolator, earthing switches, current
transformers, voltage transformers, synchronous condenser/ capacitor banks etc. This mini
project covers the important equipments & their function in a sub-station. And also attempt is
made to cover the general maintenance of substation and checks the observations to be made by
shift engineer. As a part of case study we are going to visit a 33kv UHBVN Substation in Morni
Punchkula.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and deep gratitude to all those people who
extended their wholehearted co-operation and have helped me in completing this training report
successfully.
It has been great honor and privilege to undergo training at Uttar Haryana Vidyut Prasaran
Nigam.
At the outset I submit over gratified thanks to Mr. Sharwan Kumar (JE of Sub station) with
whose consent my training has accomplished and for providing all facilities and support to meet
my project requirements. His constant guidance and willingness to share his vast knowledge
made me understand this report and its manifestations in great depths and helped us to continue
the assigned tasks.

MUKUL

1215786

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Name of Figure Page No.
Figure 1.1 132KV Substation Indri, Karnal 2
Figure 2.1 View of Substation 3
Figure 2.2 Transformer Substation 4
Figure 5.1 Transformer 12
Figure 5.2 Power Transformer 14
Figure 5.3 Instrument Transformer 14
Figure 5.4 Auto transformer 15
Figure 5.5 Core Type 16
Figure 5.6 Shell Type 16
Figure 6.1 Typical representation of bus bar 17
Figure 7.1 Insulator used in substation 18
Figure 7.2 Circuit breaker arrangement 19
Figure 7.3 Oil circuit breaker 20
Figure 7.4 Air blast circuit breaker 21
Figure 7.5 SF6 Circuit breaker 22
Figure 7.6 Vacuum circuit breaker 23
Figure 7.7 Isolator 24
Figure 9.1 Relay 26
Figure 9.2 Differential relay 27
Figure 9.3 Overcurrent relay 27
Figure 9.4 Directional relay 28
Figure 9.5 Tripping relay 28

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Figure 9.6 Auxiliary relay 29
Figure 10.1 Capacitor Bank 30
Figure 10.2 Substation fuse 31
Figure 10.2 Bus coupler 31
Figure 10.3 Lightning arrestor 32

Table of contents
ABSTRACT.ii
LIST OF FIGURES.iv

1. Introduction........................................................................................................1

1.1 About 132 KV Substation Indri, Karnal2

2. Substation..3-9

2.1 Types of substation4

2.1.1 According to the service

requirement4
2.1.2 According to the constructional
features...5

2.2 Substation characteristics.6

2.3 Steps in designing substation...6-7

2.3.1 Earthing and

bonding...7
2.3.2 Substation earthing calculation methodology
.7
2.3.3 Earthing
material..8
2.3.4 Switch yard fence
earthing...8

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 2.4 Conductors used in substation designing.8-9

2.5 Overhead Line Transmission9

3. Sub-Station Accessories.
...10

4. Explanation of substation
layout.11

5. Transformers
12-16

5.1 Classification of Transformers..13

5.1.1 Power
transformer.14
5.1.2 Instrument
transformer..14-15
5.1.3 Autotransformer
16
5.1.4 On the basis of
working.16
5.1.5 On the basis of

structure16

6. Bus bars...17-18

7. Insulators.18-24

7.1 Circuit breakers...19

7.2 Oil circuit breaker...20
7.3 Air blast circuit breaker..............21
7.4 Sulphur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6) circuit breaker.22
7.5 Vacuum circuit breaker .23
7.6 Isolator Switch...24

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8. Switchgear25

9. Metering and Indication equipment.

..26-29

9.1 Relay26

9.2 Relays used in control panel of substation..27

9.2.1 Differential relay..

27
9.2.2 Over current
relay27
9.2.3 Directional relay..
28
9.2.4 Tripping relay..
28
9.2.5 Auxiliary
relay.29
9.2.6 R.E.F [ Restricted Earth Fault]
Relay.29
9.2.7 P.R.V [ Pressure Relief Vault]
relay29
9.2.8 Master
Relay29
9.2.9 T.C.S.R...
..29

10. Miscellaneous Equipments....30-32

10.1 Capacitor Bank30
10.2 Bus Coupler31

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 10.3 Fuse31
10.4 Lightning Arrestor..32

11. Protection of substation..33-34

11.1 Transformer protection.33

11.2 Conservation and breather.33
11.3 Marshalling box.33
11.4 Transformer cooling...33-
34
12. Maintenance.35
13. Specification of C.T. used in 132 KV Substation Indri, Karnal 36

14. Conclusion37

15. References38

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