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1848 An agricultural crisis brought about by failures in the potato and wheat crops (the potato
blight originated in Belgium) generated hunger and high bread prices throughout Europe. An
January: Revolt in Palermo, Sicily industrial crisis resulted in a fall in industrial production and a rise in unemployment (the
February: Abdication of Louis Philippe and proclamation of the Second Republic in France reversal of the cycle of prosperity). There were also outbreaks of Luddism, particularly in
March: Introduction of universal manhood suffrage and the 'right to work' in France Germany as skilled guild workers destroyed the new industrial machinery.
resignation of Metternich. Violence in Berlin (see image opposite) War between
Piedmont and Austria.
May: First meeting of the Frankfurt Parliament
June: Meeting of Pan-Slav Congress in Prague. Cavaignac suppresses insurrection in Paris.
Austrian general Windischgratz bombards and captures Prague
July: Radetzky defeats Piedmontese at Custoza. Meeting of Constituent Assembly in Vienna
October: Windischgratz occupies Vienna
November: Pope Pius IX abandons Rome
December: Louis Napoleon is elected President of the French Republic
1849