Treason Rebellion Sedition

Classification Crime against National Crime against Public Crime against Public Order
Security Order
A crime of dissent or protest by
Violation by a subject of his means outside of legal methods;
allegiance to his sovereign raising of commotions or
disturbances in the State
Purpose The delivery of the Purpose is always Purpose may be political or social
Philippines to a foreign political
power 1. Prevent promulgation or
1. To remove execution of any law or
from the the holding of any
allegiance popular election
to 2. Prevent government or
government any public officer from
or laws the freely exercising its or
territory of his functions or the
the execution of any
Philippines administrative order
or any body 3. Inflict any act of hate or
of land, revenge upon the
naval, or person or property of
other armed any public officer or
forces employee
2. To deprive 4. Commit for any political
the Chief or social end any act of
Executive or hate or revenge against
Congress private persons or any
(not the social class
judiciary) of 5. Despoil for any political
any of their or social end any
powers person, municipality, or
province, or the national
government of all its
property or any part
thereof
Manner of 1. By levying war 1. Public 1. Public uprising
commission against the uprising; 2. Tumultuousy
government; and and
2. Adhering to the 2. Taking arms - Arms are not necessary
enemies of the against the -
Philipines, giving government
them aid and for any of
comfort the
purposes
specified in
Art 134
Time of During time of war In times of peace
commission
Place of May be committed in the Only in the Philippines
commission Philippine territory or
elsewhere
Offender Only by a Filipino citizen or Any person
an alien residing in the
Philippines
Proof for 1. Testimony of Proved by showing the
conviction two(2) witness, purpose of the uprising;
at least to the there must be proof
same overt act; beyond reasonable
or doubt
2. Confession of
the accused in
open court
(judicial
confession)

Illegal Assembly Illegal Association

Necessity of an actual meeting Necessary that there is an actual meeting Not necessary that there is an actual
or assembly for the purposes specified in meeting
Art. 146
Act penalize Meeting and attendance at such meeting Act of forming or organizing and
membership in the association
Persons Liable 1. Organizers or leaders of the 1. Founders, directors, and
meeting president
2. Persons present at the meeting 2. Members
Duration Temporary purposes More or less of some duration and
existence
Purpose Held in connection with crimes punishabled Even acts contrary to public morals (e.g.
under the RPC or STAIR (sedition, treason, gambling, prostitution, mendicancy) are
 assault on person in authority, insurrection, included, thus may include crimes
rebellion) punishable by special laws (e.g.
Mendicancy PD 1563)

Person in Authority Agent of Person in Authority

Degree of Force Immaterial; mere laying of hands on him is Must be serious
sufficient
Intimidation/Resistance Must be serious Must be serious