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These set of blogs will dealt with parameter setting for Periodic Reporting of Event A3
only. The intention is to deal with each of the cases mentioned above, one at a time.
Hence, this blog will concentrate in case a).
Definitions:
Event A3 is defined as a triggering event when a neighbor cell becomes an offset better
than the serving cell. The UE creates a measurement report, populates the triggering
details and sends the message to the serving cell. The parameters that define the
trigger include:
a3offset: This parameter can be found in 3GPP 36.331. It configures the RRC IE
a3-Offset included in the IE reportConfigEUTRA in the
MeasurementConfiguration IE. The value sent over the RRC interface is twice
the value configured, that is, the UE has to divide the received value by 2.The
role of the offset in Event A3 is to make the serving cell look better than its
current measurement in comparison to the neighbor.
Examples:
The table below assumes that cellindividualoffsetEutran is not used and shows when
the eventa3offset is triggered and when the UE ceases sending measurement reports.
As it can be seen from the table, eventa3 triggers at a3offset+hysteresisa3
However!!! After the first measurement result, subsequent measurement results can be
sent if the RSRP of the neighbor cell is only a3offset-hysterisisa3 dB stronger! Hence,
weaker neighbors could be reported in the measurements sent by the UE (this case is
very rare but it exists in real systems).
c) The higher the value of a3offset+hysteresisa3 the more we drag the calls to
neighboring cells. This is very useful where we have coverage holes (not a one to one
deployment scenario on top of 3G cells)
d) The smaller the value of a3offset+hysteresisa3 the faster we release the calls to
neighboring cells. This is useful in those scenarios where a large number of LTE cells
exists in a given geographical area.
e) The higher the value of a3offset+hysteresisa3 the more difficult we make it for calls
do handover to other cells.
Rules:
Explanation: Since the RSRP of the neighbor cell is already stronger than the value of
the source cell, the time to trigger should not be large.
b) If a3offset+ hysteresisa3 is relatively small (i.e.: 2dB), then a value
of timetotriggera3 should be around 320 to 640 ms.
Explanation: Since the RSRP of the neighbor cell is not much stronger than the value of
the source cell, the time to trigger should not large to ensure the value remains the
same for a long period of time.
However, these recommendations depend much on the speed of the mobile and the
coverage scenarios.
So far, we have discussed two methods for optimizing event A3. In out next blog we will
talk about the benefits of optimizing another parameter called, filtercoefficient for event
A3 that will allow us to eliminate some of the effects of fast fading in the UE
measurements.
The UE filters the measured result, before using for evaluation of reporting criteria or for
measurement reporting, by the following formula:
Where
Fn-1 is the old filtered measurement result, where F0 is set to M1 when the first
measurement result from the physical layer is received; and
Then, the UE adapts the filter such that the time characteristics of the filter are
preserved at different input rates, observing that the filterCoefficent k assumes a
sample rate equal to 200 ms.
The parameter a defines the weight given to current value and (1-a) (i.e., the
remaining weight is given to the last filtered value). For example, if filter coefficient k = 4,
then a = ^ (4/4) =1/2. This means that new measurement has half the weight and the
last filtered measurement gets the other half of the weight.
Optimization Rules:
a) A high value of the parameter filtercoefficient will provide higher weight to old
measurements (more stringent filter) (the opposite is true)
b) The higher the values of filtercoefficient the higher the chances of eliminating fast
fading effects on the measurement reports
1. This eliminates reporting a cell which RSRP was suddenly changed due to
multipath or fast fading
2. Which in turns eliminates the chances to handover to a cell which RSRP was
strong for some milliseconds