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Surface Evidences on Understanding Paleogene Structure between Kendeng Basin with East
Java Basin and Southern Mountain
Reyhan Naufal Julias 4, Yan Bachtiar Muslih 6 Gilang Agatra 1 Adi Nugraha 5 Topan Ramadhan 2 Salahuddin
Husein 3
1
University of Diponegoro, 2 IST Akprind Yogyakarta, 3 University of Gajahmada, 4 NEJRS (North East java
Research Sections), 5GRI (GAIA Research Indonesia), 6 University of Pertamina
Abstract
Paleogene configuration of Kendeng Basin is key features
for advance further exploration in this complexes
geological history. Previous interpretation from
geochemical data was interesting because made into 2
strucutral configuration possibility which consist of RMKS
configuration and prolongation of offshore East Java
structure. Based on this condition, its a necessary to
confirm which more precise interpretation with structural
feature from surface data.
This paper aims to unravel the basin configuration through
Kendeng to Southern Mountain by relating the deformation
regimes during Paleogene for a better understanding in
recognizing Paleogene basin setting related to unexposed
basement rocks beneath Kendeng and what lies behind
Southern Mountain.
Many structural features such major and minor faults and
fractures have been identified to classify the phases and
regimes of the Paleogene-Neogene deformation. Paleogene
basin configurations made into 3 interpreted lineaments
with Meratus Trend : Karangsambung - Semarang Muria
line (KSM), Bayat - Bojonegoro Bawean line (BBB),
Pacitan - Tuban North Madura line (PTM). Paleogene
structures act as the oldest analyzed after phases
reconstruction in both Kendeng and Southern Mountain.
These structural trend have NE-SW orientation with
extensional regime of normal-sinistral fault
These evidences coincides Paleogene basin configuration in
Southern Mountain and unexposed rocks beneath Kendeng
did exist. As far as surface data show the Meratus Trend
Lineaments in fact that these feature could be the
prolongation of the NE-SW Meratus Trend that observed
clearly in the Java Sea offshore area. The structures was
controlling distribution of sedimentation during Paleogene
as example Ngimbang, Nanggulan and Wungkal-Gamping
Formation. Conceiving these surface data will help to
reveal the basin configuration and geological conditions to
form hydrocarbon play concept, even to study the basin as
a consideration in the development of further exploration in
Kendeng and Southern Mountain. Somehow, subsurface
data is suggested to confirm these surface evidences.
Keyword : Paleogene, Kendeng, Structure
Introduction
East Java Basin consisted of Rembang Zone, Randublatung
Zone, Kendeng Zone and Southern Mountain Arc. Many
exploration study has been conducted in East Java Basin,
especially in Northeast Java Basin. North East Java Basin
as called as Rembang Zone and Randublatung Zone in the
on shore area are the part of East Java Basin.
Paleogene configuration of Kendeng Basin is key features
for advance further exploration in this complexes
geological history. Previous interpretation from
geochemical data was interesting because made into 2
strucutral configuration possibility which consist of RMKS
configuration and prolongation of offshore East Java
structure.
The current basin model, especially on East Java, describes
rifting activity only on the Ngimbang Formation process at
Paleogen in Northeast Java Offshore. It does not rule out
that in the southern part of East Java there is also rifting
too. The model to be made in this paper is prolongation of
Paleogen Structure from Southeast Java to Northeast Java
Offshore. Based on this condition, its a necessary to
confirm which more precise interpretation with structural
feature from surface data. This paper aims to unravel the
remnant of Paleogene Structures existence elongate from
Southern Mountain to North East Java offshore areas.
Some implications will be mentioned also in this paper.
Geological Setting and Focus
Tectonic
Proposed hypothesis triggered by previous research on
integrating geochemical and exploration data in North East
Java offshore and South East Java offshore. Interpreted
tectonic configuration (Figure 1) simply explained by
distribution of structural feature, oil and gas seeps, mud
volcanic and structure contour (Subroto, 2007). Asikin
1974 in Subroto, 2007 explain that there are 2 structural
trend of rift system during Paleogen to Neogene (Figure 1
& 2). Structural trends is a key in understanding the
basement deformation characteristics, due to geochemical
data from oil and gas seeps which found nearly central and
east java which indicated that basement affinity of East
Java is more likely Continent-related. Paleogen rift system
showed NE-SW structural trend despite the Neogen Basin
relatively has E-W trend.The existence of Paleogene Basin
beneath East Java, prolongation from Southeast Java to
Northeast Java offshore (Figure 5).
Stratigraphy
For regional stratigraphy can be seen in Figure 3 and 4.
Data taken on the oldest formations in each zone. The zone
that is a special study is the Kendeng Zone and the
Southern Mountains, not for the Rembang zone due to
being affected by the RMKS.
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Kendeng Zone
The oldest formation on a representative Kendeng Zone for
structural measurement is Kerek formation. This formation
is predominantly composed of sandstone and claystone
coatings. Kerek Formation is exposed from West Kendeng
from Salatiga Sub-Basin to Central-East Kendeng on
Kediri Sub-Basin. Acquisition of structural data in the
Kerek Formation is expected to provide an overview of the
basement structure that can characterize Paleogen Structure
in East Java.
Southern Mountains
This zone is exposed from Kulonprogo Mountain to
Banyuwangi. Data collection is performed on the oldest
formations in this zone such as Nanggulan Formation,
Wungkal Formation and Old Andesite Formation Members
such as Kebobutak and Semilir. Collecting data on these
formations is expected to give the Paleogene Structure state
expression and its relation to other zones.
North East Java Offshore
An approach done to determine the state of the structure on
North East Java Offshore, namely the dominance of NW-
SE structure shown in Figure 1 shows that there is also a
Grand Meratus structure located on the north of Tuban
Graben and also on Muria Trough.
Data and Method
This paper integrates information from regional geology,
detailed local geologic data, paleostress analysis, and
literature studies from previous research. Field studies
conducted in several place in recording structural features
(Figure 6. And 7.). The accumulation of primary data was
obtained from several places namely Karangsambung,
Wonosegoro, Kulonprogo, Bayat, and Bojonegoro as well
as additional data in the Pacitan region obtained from
literature study. Data processing to search for paleostress
using WinTensor software.The Paleogene Basin model is
based on the integration of the geological structure and the
tectonic regime that controls it.
Result and Discussion
Structure Characterization
The characterization of the fracture and faults analyzed will
be discussed into several sub chapters, among which are the
distribution, orientation and regime.
Distribution
Distribution of data retrieval structures in the form of faults
and stout, covering some areas that stretch from Central
Java to East Java. Some segments are created by
connecting some areas that are an early indication of the
continuous Paleogen Structure. The first segment is made
continuously from Karangsambung, Semarang to Offshore
Muria Trough (KSM Line). The second segment is a
combination of Kulonprogo, Bayat, Bojonegoro and East
Bawean High Offshore (BBB Line) structures. While for
the third segment taken from some withdrawal offshore
structure and also analysis from previous studies from
Pacitan to Tuban Graben near North Madura Platform
(PTM Line).
Orientation and Regimes
Based on the data taken several points spread from 3
selected lines, there are some orientation sequences and
also the regime from old to young, from Melaxe Complex,
Nanggulan Formation, Wungkal Formation, Old Andesite
Formation and Kerek Formation. From old to young as
follows:
NW-SE Extensional
This oldest grand of analyzed structural features includes
many structural interpretation from Wungkal-Gamping
Formation, Kebo-butak Formation, Nanggulan Formation,
Semilir Formation, Nglanggeran Formation, Kerek
Formation, Melange Complex. All of those formations
contain basement structure which indicate Paleogene
Structure of Meratus Grand with extensional regime
indicating graben rifting in major scale.
NE-SW Compressional
First compressional regime with NE-SW trend existed in
almost all formations except Nanggulan and Wungkal
Formation.
Discussion
Paleogene structure lineaments made into 3 interpreted
lineaments with Meratus Trend (Figure 5) :
Karangsambung - Semarang Muria line (KSM), Bayat -
Bojonegoro Bawean line (BBB), Pacitan - Tuban North
Madura line (PTM). Paleogene structures act as the oldest
analyzed after phases reconstruction in both Kendeng and
Southern Mountain. These structural trend have NE-SW
orientation with extensional regime of normal-sinistral
fault.
Based on the results of data obtained from the field and
literature studies, obtained information that there is
evidence of structures that have the direction of the Grand
Meratus. The evidence can be used to prove that eastern
Java has the same basement structure. More surprising data
are in the oldest formations have extensional regimes. It
indicates that on a major scale, the regime may indicate the
presence of grabens along the lineaments (Figure 8).
Conclusions
These evidences coincides Paleogene basin structure in
Southern Mountain and unexposed rocks beneath Kendeng
did exist. As far as surface data show the Meratus Trend
Lineaments in fact that these feature could be the
prolongation of NE-SW Meratus Trend that observed
clearly in the Java Sea offshore area. The structures was
controlling distribution of sedimentation during Paleogene
as example Ngimbang, Nanggulan and Wungkal-Gamping
Formation. Conceiving these surface data will help to
reveal the basin configuration and geological conditions to
 PROCEEDINGS
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form hydrocarbon play concept, even to study the basin as

a consideration in the development of further exploration in
Kendeng and Southern Mountain. Some implications can
be obtained such as :
- Paleogene deposites in Kendeng Zone will not provide
reservoir rocks because only mud will be suspended before
Neogene Basin flexing during Middle Miocene.
- Paleogene deposites in Southern Mountain will had
limited accommodation space especially for rocks
equivalent with Nanggulan and Wungkal Formation.
- There are 3 local graben ranges from Southern Mountain
to Northeast Java offshore for each zone in Southeast Java
Basin, Kendeng Basin and Northeast Java Basin.
References

Purnomo J. dan Purwoko, 1994, Kerangka Tektonik dan

Stratigrafi Pulau Jawa secara Regional dan kaitannya
dengan Potensi Hidrokarbon. Prosiding Geology and
Geoteknik Pulau Jawa, Seminar Jurusan Teknik
Geologi Fakultas Teknik UGM, Yogyakarta.

Delvaux, D. dan Sperner, B., Stress Tensor Inversion from

Fault Kinematic Indicators and Focal Mechanism Data:
the TENSOR program.In: New Insight into Structural
Interpretation and Modelling (D. Nieuwland Ed.),
Geological Society, London, Special Publication,
212:75-100, 2003.

Gultaf H, 2014, ANALISA KINEMATIK SESAR

GERINDU DIDAERAH PACITAN DAN
SEKITARNYA, Tesis Magister, Institut Teknologi
Bandung. (not published)

Satyana., 2004, Rembang-Madura-Kangean-Sakala (RMKS)

Fault Zone, East Java Basin : The Origin and Nature of a
Geologic Border, Proceedings Indonesian Petroleum
Association (IPA), 33rd Annual Convention.

Subroto, E.A., et.al ., 2007, The Paleogene Basin Within

the Kendeng Zone, Central Java Island, and
Implications to Hydrocarbon Prospectivity:
Proceedings, Indonesian Petroleum Association Thirty-
first Annual Convention & Exhibition, May 2007
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Figure 1 - Possible southward prolongation of the Paleogen basin. Evidence taken from gravitiy map
lineament (Subroto, 2007)

Figure 2 Recontruction of the Paleogene basin in Central Java based on structural trend that is parallel
with the Meratus trend (Subroto, 2007)
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Figure 3 Stratigraphic correlation (Luk Ulo, Kulonprogo, and Bayat area) that indicates the occurence
of the Paleogen interval (modified after Asikin et al. (1992) and Raharjo et al. (1995) in
Subroto, 2007)

Figure 4 General stratigraphic column of the Kendeng Zone (modified from Pringgoprawiro,1983 in
Subroto, 2007)
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Figure 5. Three Lineaments of Extensional Regimes Expressed the Paleogen Structure

Beneath Southern Mountain-North East Java Offshore (Modified After Subroto,2007)

Figure 6. Inset Map for Fieldwork Location in Figure 7 (Look at Boxes Color)
(Satyana, 2004)
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(a) (b)

(b)

(c) (d)
Figure 7. (a) Fieldwork in Karangsambung area (b) Fieldwork in Bojonegoro area
(c) (d) Fieldwork in OAF Formation area
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NE
Northeast Java Basin

Kendeng Deep

Southern Volcanic Arc

?
B

SW

A
A B

NW SE ?
?

Figure 8. Interpreted Model of Paleogene Basin Ranges

from Southern Mountain to Northeast Java Basin