Week 2

18 SEPTEMBER 2017

EAA 485
DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
Disaster Management Cycle

Dr. Sharifah Akmam Syed Zakaria

School of Civil Engineering Email: akmam@usm.my
 Week 2
18 MAY 2017

Learning Outcome:
CO1 Able to apply the concepts and cycle of
disaster management for disaster risk mitigation
Topic Outcomes:
1. Understanding Disaster Management
Cycle
2. Application of Disaster Management
Cycle
 Contents: We l e a d

1. Understanding Disaster Management

Cycle
a) Preparedness Prior to a disaster.
b) Response During a disaster.
c) Recovery Following a disaster.
d) Mitigation Activities that reduce
the effects of disaster.
2. Use of Disaster Management Cycle
 Disaster Management Cycle We l e a d

Disaster
Preparedness Response

Prevention/ Rehabilitation/
Mitigation Reconstruction
Disaster Management Cycle (DMC):
Introduction We l e a d

DMC is a comprehensive emergency or

disaster management.
It addresses all hazards and disaster elements.
DMC consists of four phases = Preparedness,
Response, Recovery and Mitigation.
DMC specifies the involvement of
stakeholders and the roles.
DMC is a foundation in policy-making,
decision-making and problem solving
pertaining disasters.
Disaster Management Cycle (DMC):
Challenges We l e a d

Understanding the disaster risks we face.

Making disaster policies perform better for
managing disaster.
Increasing investment in disaster resilience.
Coordination between the
actors/stakeholders.
Raising awareness to build a culture of
prevention.
 Disaster Management Cycle We l e a d

Disaster
Preparedness Response

Mitigation
Recovery
 Disaster Management Cycle
a) Preparedness Prior to a disaster. We l e a d

Preparedness - efforts to prepare for a likely

disaster.
The preparedness focuses on preparing
equipment and procedures for use when a
disaster occurs, i.e., planning.
Preparedness: A variety of measures aimed at
ensuring the community is prepared to reacts
to any hazard that threatens the country.
PLANNING HOW TO RESPOND
 We l e a d

Preparedness measures can take many forms

including the construction of shelters,
implementation of an emergency
communication system, installation of warning
devices, creation of back-up life-line services
(e.g., power, water, sewage), and rehearsing
evacuation plans.
There are 2 important elements in
preparedness aspect:
1) Readiness 2) Adaptation
 Preparedness: 1) Readiness We l e a d

a) Monitoring
Disaster preparedness aims at minimizing the
adverse effects of a disaster.
Thus, it is important to determine and
monitor disaster risks.
Through effective precautionary actions.
 We l e a d

b) Forecasting
Vulnerability analysis and mapping to include
Resources.
Plan to include movement of resources with
time frame.
Assess strengthening requirements and
execute.
Funding for preparedness must be arranged.
We l e a d
 We l e a d

c) Early Warning
Create lead time by interpreting warnings
Ensure timely, appropriate and efficient
organisation and delivery of emergency
response following the impact of a disaster.
 We l e a d

d) Scenario Identification
Peoples cooperation through political leaders,
elders, volunteers and NGOs.
Aim to reduce the destructive potential of
disaster, timely & appropriate relief to victims
and quick & durable recovery.
We l e a d
 Preparedness: 1) Adaptation We l e a d

a) Process-based
Institutional Framework coordination
between institutions.
Rehearsals / Emergency Training evacuation.
Response Mechanisms warnings.
 We l e a d

b) Resource-based
Public Education and Training instructions.
Information System through technology.
Vulnerability Assessment evaluation of
weaknesses.
 Disaster Management Cycle We l e a d

Disaster
Preparedness Response

Mitigation
Recovery
 Disaster Management Cycle
b) Response During a Disaster We l e a d

Response - actions taken to respond to an

emergency or disaster
Response: It is action taken immediately
before, during and just after a disaster or
major emergency.
The goal of the responder is to save lives,
minimize property damage and enhance the
beginning of recovery from the incident.
EFFORTS TO MINIMIZE THE HAZARDS
CREATED BY A DISASTER
 We l e a d

The response phase of an emergency may

commence with search and rescue but in all
cases the focus will quickly turn to fulfilling
the basic humanitarian needs of the affected
population.
This assistance may be provided by national or
international agencies and organisations.
Effective coordination of disaster assistance is
often crucial, particularly when many
organizations respond and capacity has been
exceeded by the demand or diminished by the
disaster itself.
 We l e a d

There are 2 important elements in response

aspects:
1) Relief
2) Restoration
 Response: 1) Relief We l e a d

a) Search and Rescue through survivor

response and coping, evacuation system,.
b) Damage Assessment through estimation
and costing
c) Logistic Assistance through emergency
relief, food supply
d) Temporary Repair to ensure security
 Response: 2) Restoration We l e a d

a) Reconstruction through the coordination of

various bodies to expedite rehabilitation.
b) Restore Utilities - communication and
information management, electric supply,
water and gas.
c) Transportation and Schools roads, bridges
d) Finances support to aid humanitarian and
infrastructure.
 Disaster Management Cycle We l e a d

Disaster
Preparedness Response

Mitigation
Recovery
 Disaster Management Cycle
c) Recovery Following a disaster. We l e a d

The recovery phase starts after the immediate

threat to human life has subsided.
Recovery - actions taken to restore the
community to pre-disaster condition.
During reconstruction it is recommended to
consider the location or construction material
of the property.
Recovery: It is the activity that returns
infrastructural systems to minimum operating
standards and guides long term efforts.
 We l e a d

It is designed to return life to normal or

improved levels after a disaster.
This is a very daunting phases of Disaster
Management because it requires personal and
community motivation.
Rehabilitation and reconstruction activities.
RETURN THE COMMUNITY TO NORMAL.
 We l e a d

Why recovery stage is essential?

Increasing natural vulnerability = more
disasters, climate change. (Policy-based)
Increasing human vulnerability = greater
tragedy, increasing population, massive urban
migration. (Staffing and Finance)
Fragile states unable to address disaster
situations = greater tragedy. (Creating an
enabling environment)
There are 2 stages of recovery: (Make it happen)
1) Short-term 2)Long-term
We l e a d
 Recovery: 1) Short-term We l e a d

a) Building community awareness and

commitment to risk-reduction.
b) Training, capacity building and
empowerment.
c) Linking with hazard mitigation plans to build
community resilience risk-driven planning.
d) Assuring community-driven development.
e) Risk assessment and reduction measures.
f) Promote sustainable practices.
 Recovery: 1) Long-term We l e a d

a) Sustainable assistance the long-term view

of sustainable infrastructure development.
b) Linking with long-term development plans
the government study of comprehensive
plans.
c) Using the opportunity to change
development patterns, economies, cultures
and societies.
d) Land use planning.
e) Best practice or benchmarking from
developed countries.
 Disaster Management Cycle We l e a d

Disaster
Preparedness Response

Mitigation
Recovery
 Disaster Management Cycle
d) Mitigation reducing disaster effects We l e a d

Mitigation - efforts to reduce disaster or its

impacts.
Mitigation: includes any activities that
prevents an emergency, reduces the chance of
an emergency happening or lessens the
damaging effects of unavoidable emergences.
MINIMIZING THE EFFECTS OF DISASTER.
 We l e a d

Prevention:
Enhanced Risk Management Planning
DETERMINE THE ELEMENT OF RISKS
Prevention training
Resource Planning and Allocation 5 Ms
Increased networking Link to Climate
Adaptation United Nations, European
Unions.
 We l e a d

Risk Assessment and Planning is very crucial in

disaster mitigation:
Identifying treats
Identifying exposure units
Vulnerability and adaptation assessment
Risk Maps

Floods and Water Hazards
Elements at Risk:
Everything in the flood
plain.
Earthen or soluble
structures
Buried services and utilities
Food stores
Crops and livestock
We l e a d
Main Mitigation Strategies:
Land use control
Engineering of structures
Elevation of structures
Flood control structures
Reforestation projects
(watershed
management)
 We l e a d

Strong Winds
Elements at Risk: Main Mitigation Strategies:

Lightweight structures. Structural engineering

Elevated utilities (Power measures.
and communication Planting of windbreaks.
lines)
Fishing boats and other
maritime industries.
 Contents: We l e a d

1. Understanding Disaster Management

Cycle
a) Preparedness Prior to a disaster.
b) Response During a disaster.
c) Recovery Following a disaster.
d) Mitigation Activities that reduce
the effects of disaster.
2. Use of Disaster Management Cycle
2. Use of Disaster Management Cycle We l e a d

Paradigm shift relief centric approach to a

proactive regime.
A holistic and integrated approach for disaster
management.
Building strategic partnerships at various
levels.
Build disaster resilient structures and habitat
for ensuring safer living.
 We l e a d

Preparedness and Capacity development in all

spheres.
Consolidation of past initiatives and best
practices.
Identification, assessment and monitoring of
disaster risks.
Foundation to develop or establish training
and education system for disaster resilience.
 We l e a d

Promoting a culture of prevention.

Multi level , Multi-sectoral and Multi
discipline synergy.
Disaster management cycle presents related
skills to all stakeholders.
It acts as a foundation in managing disaster
through Top Down and Bottom Up
approaches.
 Presented by akmamPPKA

END OF LECTURE 1