Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
$GDSWLYH5HVRQDQFH7KHRU\
$57
%DVLF$57$UFKLWHFWXUH
/D\HU /D\HU
*DLQ&RQWURO
,QSXW
([SHFWDWLRQ
5HVHW
2ULHQWLQJ
6XEV\VWHP
$576XEV\VWHPV
/D\HU
1RUPDOL]DWLRQ
&RPSDULVRQRILQSXWSDWWHUQDQGH[SHFWDWLRQ
//&RQQHFWLRQV,QVWDUV
3HUIRUPFOXVWHULQJRSHUDWLRQ
(DFKURZRI:LVDSURWRW\SHSDWWHUQ
/D\HU
&RPSHWLWLRQFRQWUDVWHQKDQFHPHQW
//&RQQHFWLRQV2XWVWDUV
([SHFWDWLRQ
3HUIRUPSDWWHUQUHFDOO
(DFKFROXPQRI:LVDSURWRW\SHSDWWHUQ
2ULHQWLQJ6XEV\VWHP
&DXVHVDUHVHWZKHQH[SHFWDWLRQGRHVQRWPDWFKLQSXW
'LVDEOHVFXUUHQWZLQQLQJQHXURQ
/D\HU
,QSXW /D\HU
([SHFWDWLRQ D
:
E 6[6
S Q Q D
1/ I
6[
6 6
E
: D
*DLQ&RQWURO
6[6
/D\HU2SHUDWLRQ
6KXQWLQJ0RGHO
G Q W
Q W E Q W [ S : D W ] Q W E ; : = D W
GW
([FLWDWRU\,QSXW ,QKLELWRU\,QSXW
&RPSDULVRQZLWK([SHFWDWLRQ *DLQ&RQWURO
D KDUGOLP Q
Q
KDUGOLP Q
Q
([FLWDWRU\,QSXWWR/D\HU
S: D W
6XSSRVHWKDWQHXURQMLQ/D\HUKDVZRQWKHFRPSHWLWLRQ
: D Z Z Z M Z ZM MWKFROXPQRI:
6
7KHUHIRUHWKHH[FLWDWRU\LQSXWLVWKHVXPRIWKHLQSXWSDWWHUQ
DQGWKH//H[SHFWDWLRQ
S: D S ZM
,QKLELWRU\,QSXWWR/D\HU
*DLQ&RQWURO
; : =D W
:
7KHJDLQFRQWUROZLOOEHRQHZKHQ/D\HULVDFWLYHRQH
QHXURQKDVZRQWKHFRPSHWLWLRQDQG]HURZKHQ/D\HULV
LQDFWLYHDOOQHXURQVKDYLQJ]HURRXWSXW
6WHDG\6WDWH$QDO\VLV&DVH,
6 6
GQ L
GW
QL E Q L SL
L M M L
Z D Q E MD
M M
&DVH,/D\HULQDFWLYHHDFKDM
GQ
L QL E QL [ SL ]
GW
,QVWHDG\VWDWH
E SL
QL E QL S L SL QL E SL QL
SL
7KHUHIRUHLI/D\HULVLQDFWLYH
D S
6WHDG\6WDWH$QDO\VLV&DVH,,
&DVH,,/D\HUDFWLYHRQHDM
GQ
L Q L E Q L [ S L Z L M ] Q L E
GW
,QVWHDG\VWDWH
Q L E Q L [ S L Z L M ] Q L E E S L Z L M E
QL
S L Z L M Q L E S L Z L M E S L Z L M
:HZDQW/D\HUWRFRPELQHWKHLQSXWYHFWRUZLWKWKHH[SHFWDWLRQIURP
/D\HUXVLQJDORJLFDO$1'RSHUDWLRQ
QLLIHLWKHUZLMRUSLLVHTXDOWR]HUR E E
E E E
Q L!LIERWKZ LMRUSLDUHHTXDOWRRQH
E E
7KHUHIRUHLI/D\HULVDFWLYHDQGWKHELDVHVVDWLVI\WKHVHFRQGLWLRQV
D S ZM
/D\HU6XPPDU\
,I/D\HULVLQDFWLYHHDFKDM
D S
,I/D\HULVDFWLYHRQHDM
D S ZM
/D\HU([DPSOH
E DQGE : S
$VVXPHWKDW/D\HULVDFWLYHDQGQHXURQZRQWKHFRPSHWLWLRQ
GQ
Q Q [ S Z ] Q
GW GQ
Q
GW
Q Q [ ] Q Q
GQ
Q Q [ S Z ] Q
GW GQ
Q
GW
Q Q [ ] Q Q
([DPSOH5HVSRQVH
W
Q W ; H =
W
Q W ; H =
S Z
D
/D\HU
/D\HU
2Q&HQWHU :
:
6[6
E 6[6
I
D Q Q
1/
D
D E
6
5HVHW :
2II6XUURXQG
6[6
QE >:@ I Q
/D\HU2SHUDWLRQ
6KXQWLQJ0RGHO
G Q W
Q W
GW
2Q&HQWHU $GDSWLYH
)HHGEDFN ,QVWDUV
" E Q W [ ; : = I Q W : D ]
([FLWDWRU\
,QSXW 2II6XUURXQG
)HHGEDFN
Q W E ; : = I Q W
,QKLELWRU\
,QSXW
/D\HU([DPSOH
7
Z
E E :
7
Z
Q Q )DVWHUWKDQOLQHDU
I Q
Q ZLQQHUWDNHDOO
GQ W 7
Q W Q W I Q W Z D Q W I Q W
GW
GQ W 7
Q W Q W I Q W Z D Q W I Q W
GW
([DPSOH5HVSRQVH
7
Z D
Q W
7
Z D
D
D
Q W
W
/D\HU6XPPDU\
7 7
LI LZ D PD[ ; MZ D =
DL
RWKHUZLVH
2ULHQWLQJ6XEV\VWHP
2ULHQWLQJ6XEV\VWHP
E
S :
[6
Q Q D
1/ I
5HVHW
D :
[6 E
3XUSRVH'HWHUPLQHLIWKHUHLVDVXIILFLHQWPDWFKEHWZHHQWKH
//H[SHFWDWLRQDDQGWKHLQSXWSDWWHUQS
2ULHQWLQJ6XEV\VWHP2SHUDWLRQ
GQ W
Q W E Q W [ : S ] Q W E [ : D ]
GW
([FLWDWRU\,QSXW
6
: S S SM S
M
,QKLELWRU\,QSXW
6
:D D
D M W D
M
:KHQWKHH[FLWDWRU\LQSXWLVODUJHUWKDQWKHLQKLELWRU\LQSXW
WKH2ULHQWLQJ6XEV\VWHPZLOOEHGULYHQRQ
6WHDG\6WDWH2SHUDWLRQ
Q E Q
[ S Q E D
]
S D Q E S E D
E S E D
Q
S D
/HW E E
D
Q LI <
S
9LJLODQFH
5(6(7
6LQFH D S Z M DUHVHWZLOORFFXUZKHQWKHUHLVHQRXJKRID
PLVPDWFKEHWZHHQSDQG Z M
2ULHQWLQJ6XEV\VWHP([DPSOH
S D
GQ W
Q W Q W [ S S ] Q W [ D D ]
GW
GQ W
Q W
GW
Q W
W
2ULHQWLQJ6XEV\VWHP6XPPDU\
LI ; D S =
D
RWKHUZLVH
/HDUQLQJ/DZV//DQG//
/D\HU /D\HU
7KH$57QHWZRUNKDVWZR
*DLQ&RQWURO VHSDUDWHOHDUQLQJODZVRQHIRUWKH
,QSXW //FRQQHFWLRQVLQVWDUVDQG
([SHFWDWLRQ
RQHIRUWKH//FRQQHFWLRQV
RXWVWDUV
%RWKVHWVRIFRQQHFWLRQVDUH
XSGDWHGDWWKHVDPHWLPHZKHQ
WKHLQSXWDQGWKHH[SHFWDWLRQKDYH
DQDGHTXDWHPDWFK
5HVHW
7KHSURFHVVRIPDWFKLQJDQG
VXEVHTXHQWDGDSWDWLRQLVUHIHUUHGWR
2ULHQWLQJ DVUHVRQDQFH
6XEV\VWHP
6XEVHW6XSHUVHW'LOHPPD
6XSSRVHWKDW : VRWKHSURWRW\SHVDUH Z Z
:HVD\WKDWZLVDVXEVHWRIZEHFDXVHZKDVDZKHUHYHUZKDVD
,IWKHRXWSXWRIOD\HULV D WKHQWKHLQSXWWR/D\HUZLOOEH
: D
%RWKSURWRW\SHYHFWRUVKDYHWKHVDPHLQQHUSURGXFWZLWKDHYHQWKRXJKWKH
ILUVWSURWRW\SHLVLGHQWLFDOWRDDQGWKHVHFRQGSURWRW\SHLVQRW7KLVLVFDOOHG
WKH6XEVHW6XSHUVHWGLOHPPD
6XEVHW6XSHUVHW6ROXWLRQ
1RUPDOL]HWKHSURWRW\SHSDWWHUQV
:
: D
1RZZHKDYHWKHGHVLUHGUHVXOWWKHILUVWSURWRW\SHKDVWKHODUJHVWLQQHU
SURGXFWZLWKWKHLQSXW
///HDUQLQJ/DZ
,QVWDU/HDUQLQJZLWK&RPSHWLWLRQ
G ; LZ W =
DL W ; [ E LZ W ] ; : = D W [ LZ W E ] ; : = D W =
GW
ZKHUH
E
E
:
:
:KHQQHXURQLRI/D\HULVDFWLYHLZLVPRYHGLQWKHGLUHFWLRQRID7KH
HOHPHQWVRILZFRPSHWHDQGWKHUHIRUHLZLVQRUPDOL]HG
)DVW/HDUQLQJ
GZ L M W
D L W ZL M W D M W Z L M W D N W
GW N M
)RUIDVWOHDUQLQJZHDVVXPHWKDWWKHRXWSXWVRI/D\HUDQG/D\HUUHPDLQ
FRQVWDQWXQWLOWKHZHLJKWVUHDFKVWHDG\VWDWH
$VVXPHWKDWDLW DQGVROYHIRUWKHVWHDG\VWDWHZHLJKW
ZL M D M Z L M DN
N M
&DVH,DM
Z L M ZL M D D Z L M Z L M
D
&DVH,,DM 6XPPDU\
Z L M D Z L M D
LZ
D
/HDUQLQJ/DZ//
2XWVWDU
G;Z M W =
D M W ; Z M W D W =
GW
)DVW/HDUQLQJ
$VVXPHWKDWDMW DQGVROYHIRUWKHVWHDG\VWDWHZHLJKW
ZM D RU ZM D
&ROXPQMRI:FRQYHUJHVWRWKHRXWSXWRI/D\HUZKLFKLVDFRPELQDWLRQRI
WKHLQSXWSDWWHUQDQGWKHSUHYLRXVSURWRW\SHSDWWHUQ7KHSURWRW\SHSDWWHUQLV
PRGLILHGWRLQFRUSRUDWHWKHFXUUHQWLQSXWSDWWHUQ
$57$OJRULWKP6XPPDU\
$OOHOHPHQWVRIWKHLQLWLDO:PDWUL[DUHVHWWR$OOHOHPHQWVRIWKH
LQLWLDO:PDWUL[DUHVHWWR6
,QSXWSDWWHUQLVSUHVHQWHG6LQFH/D\HULVQRWDFWLYH
D S
7KHLQSXWWR/D\HULVFRPSXWHGDQGWKHQHXURQZLWKWKHODUJHVWLQSXWLV
DFWLYDWHG
7 7
LI LZ D PD [ ; NZ D =
DL
RWKHUZLVH
,QFDVHRIDWLHWKHQHXURQZLWKWKHVPDOOHVWLQGH[LVWKHZLQQHU
7KH//H[SHFWDWLRQLVFRPSXWHG
: D ZM
6XPPDU\&RQWLQXHG
/D\HURXWSXWLVDGMXVWHGWRLQFOXGHWKH//H[SHFWDWLRQ
D S ZM
7KHRULHQWLQJVXEV\VWHPGHWHUPLQHVPDWFKEHWZHHQWKHH[SHFWDWLRQDQG
WKHLQSXWSDWWHUQ
LI ; D S =
D
RWKHUZLVH
,ID WKHQVHWDM LQKLELWLWXQWLOUHVRQDQFHDQGUHWXUQWR6WHS,I
D WKHQFRQWLQXHZLWK6WHS
5HVRQDQFHKDVRFFXUHG8SGDWHURZMRI:
D
MZ
D
8SGDWHFROXPQMRI:
ZM D
5HPRYHLQSXWUHVWRUHLQKLELWHGQHXURQVDQGUHWXUQWR6WHS