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Digital Numbers

Binary Numbers In the binary


system, the base is 2 (i.e. using
digits 0 and 1)
E.g.
2 1 0
101 1x2 + 0x2 + 1x2
4 + 0 + 1
510 decimal or base 10)
MSD(most significant digit) on
the left-hand side.
LSD (least significant digit) on
the right side.
3 2 2 0
Decimal 2 = 8 2 = 4 2 = 2 2 = 1
Numbers Binary Numbers
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
10 1 0 1 0
11 1 0 1 1
12 1 1 0 0
13 1 1 0 1
14 1 1 1 0
15 1 1 1 1
Logic Mathematics.This is also
called Boolean algebra and its
symbols and operations are
different to ordinary algebra
Binary Addition
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1+1=1
1+1+1=1
Binary Multiplication
0x0=0
0x1=0
1x1=1
1x1x1=1
Digital Systems
Basic Logic Functions
A logic circuit is one that behaves
like a switch, i.e. a two-position
device with ON (1) and OFF (0)
states.
OR Function (inputs A,B;output F)
F = A OR B
F = A + B (switches in parallel)
Truth Table
A B F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

AND Function
F = A AND B
F = A . B (switches in series)
Truth Table
A B F
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
EXCLUSIVE - OR (XOR or EOR )
Function
F = A B (2-way switches in
series) or
F = A XOR B
F A B A B

Truth Table
A B F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

NOT Function This is used to


produce signal inversionit is
often referred to as an Inverter or
Complementary Gate
F=

Truth Table
A F
0 1
1 0

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