Phlebotomy NHA/CPT NHA Flashcards | Quizlet 8/28/17, 3:31 PM

Phlebotomy NHA/CPT NHA 94 terms bjoz2016

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What is Hematology? Hematology is the study of blood and its components,

fluids and cells. Also includes the study of blood
forming organs and blood disease

What is Phlebotomy? Phlebotomy is the practice of drawing blood for

diagnostic purposes

What does the medical Veins

term "Phlebos" mean?

What does the medical Incision

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What does the medical Incision

term "tome" mean?

What are two other Dermal or skin puncture

names for capillary
puncture?

What does POCT Point-of-Care

mean?

What is Point-of-Care? Tests that can be at the patients bed side and results can
be obtained right away.
Examples: Blood Glucose, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin

What are capillaries? Microscopic, one cell-thick vessels that connect

arterioles and venules

What is the purpose of Capillaries are the site of gas exchange between blood
a capillary? & bodily tissues

What is the preferred 1. Antecubital Fossa

locations for 2. Upper aspect of the forearm
venipuncture? 3. Posterior aspect of the wrist
4. Dorsum (back) of the hand
5. Ankle and foot veins (Dorsalis Pedis)

What does the medical Before

term "ante" mean?

What are the three 1. Median Cubital Vein: Large and fixed
superficial veins 2. Cephalic Vein: Preferred in obese
located in the 3. Basilic Vein: Close to the brachial artery and median
Antecubital Fossa? nerve

What is plasma 90% water, 7% proteins, the rest is all 1% (proteins, amino
composed of? acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars hormones, lipids &
vitamins)

What color is plasma? Straw color

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What is the difference They both look the same, the only way to differentiate
in appearance of them is by looking at the tube top color
plasma and serum?

What is the buffy coat Leukocytes and platelets

composed of?

What is the percentage 55%

of plasma in the blood
by volume?

What is the percentage 45%

of formed elements?

What are formed Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

elements?

What do these Red blood cells and White blood cells

abbreviations mean (erythrocytes and leukocytes)
"RBCs" "WBCs"?

Another name for Platelets

thrombocytes?

Where are In the red bone marrow

erythrocytes formed?

What is the life span of 120 days

erythrocytes?

What purpose does It transports oxygen

hemoglobin have?

Fact: White blood cells ...

have different size,
shape, color and
nucleus

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What is the life span of Approximately 24 hours

a leukocyte?

What is the purpose of Protect body against infection and disease

white blood cells?

Number of leukocytes 5000 - 10,000

pet cubic millimeter

There are two different Granular or Agranular leukocytes

types of white blood (Granular Leukocytes - perform phagocytosis)
cells, what are they? (Agranular Leukocytes - produce antibodies)

Fact: Granular ...

Leukocytes are
polymorphonuclear
Examples of them are:
Neutrophils,
Eosinophils, and
Basophils
Their job is to perform
Phagocytosis
They usually react to
inflammation

Fact: Lymphocytes and ...

monocytes are
examples of Agranular
Leukocytes
They produce
antibodies
Examples are: T cells
and B cells

What are the Neutrophils: 40% - 60% - Never

differentials and their Lymphocytes: 20% - 40% - Let

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percentages? Monocytes: 2% - 8% - Monkey

Eosinophils: 1% - 4% - Eat
Basophils: 0.5% - 1% - Bad
Band: 0% - 3% - Bananas

Fact: Thrombocytes ...

are the smallest
formed element
Size: 1-4 micrometers

What is the function of Stoppage of bleeding

a thrombocyte?

What is the life span of 9-12 days

a thrombocyte?

Which gloves are used Nonsterile, disposable latex, nitrile, neoprene,

to perform a polyethylene and vinyl examination gloves are
venipuncture? acceptable. A good fit is essential.

Where should the Tied 3 to 4 inches above elbow immediately before

tourniquet be placed? venipuncture. A tourniquet on for longer than 1 minute
may alter test results.

Why is the tourniquet To prevent venous flow out of the site, causing veins to
used? bulge.
The tourniquet makes veins easier to locate and
puncture.

What is the most 70% isopropyl alcohol

common antiseptic (alcohol does not sterilize skin; it inhibits reproduction of
used for venipuncture? bacteria that might contaminate the sample)

How long should you 60 seconds

let the 70% isopropyl (it should not be used when drawing blood alcohol test,
alcohol dry for? instead use soap pads, benzalkonium chloride or
povidone-iodine which is also known as BETADINE)

Fact: Blood is about ...

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Fact: Blood is about ...

half cells and half
liquid; for a test
requiring 3 mls of
serum 6 mls of blood
must be collected

What is an additive? Any substance placed within a tube

Functions of additives 1. Preventing clotting/anticoagulant

are: 2. Preserves certain blood components
3. Clot activator/promotes clotting

Where is EDTA found? Lavender topped tube

(prevents platelet clumping and preserves appearance
of blood cells for microscopic examination)

What is the full name Ethylenediaminetetracetic

for EDTA?

What are the following SST: Serum separating tube

abbreviations "SST" PST: Plasma separating tube
and "PST"

What is thixotropic Forms a barrier between red cells and plasma when
gel? centrifuged
(It is found in the green-gray marbled topped tubes)

What is the order of Yellow, light blue, red/red gray, green, lavender, gray,
draw? dark/royal blue top tube
Mnemonic to easily remember it: STOP, LIGHT, RED,
GREEN, LIGHT, GO AND DONT RUN!

Yellow top tube Additive: sodium polyanetholsulfonate SPS or Acid

Dextrose.
Purpose: it tests blood culture for aerobes and
anaerobes/2 VIALS

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*** SPS aids in the recovery of microorganism by

inhibiting the action of complement, phagocytosis and
certain antibiotics
*** Sterile tube
AEROBE FIRST ANAEROBE SECOND
FILL 8-10 MLS

Light blue top tube Additive: Sodium Citrate

*** Fill completely
Purpose: PT, Extrinsic pathway and Coumadin therapy
and aPTT ( Activated partial thromboplastin time)
RATIO: 9:1

Red top tube Additive: None

Purpose: Serum separator tube

Green top tube Additive: Sodium, Lithium or Amonium Heparin

Purpose: STAT electrolyte or ammonia

Lavender/Purple top Additive: EDTA

tube Purpose: CBC, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and
sickle-cell screening
*** Tube has to be filled at least two thirds

Gray top tube Additive: Antiglycolytic agent sodium fluoride

Preserves glucose for 72 hours - lithium iodoacetate
Preserves glucose for 24 hours - potassium oxalate /
anticoagulant by binding with calcium

Dark royal blue tube Additive: EDTA or sodium heparin

top Purpose: Test toxicology and trace elements, zinc and
copper and lead

What does STAT As soon as possible, IMMEDIATELY

mean?

What is the bevel of a The shaft of the needle with one end cut at the angle

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needle? which is called the bevel

Fact: Gauge is ...

designated by a
numeric value
* The higher the
number, the smaller
the lumen
** 16, 19, 20, 21, 22 and
23
MOST COMMON
USED GAUGE: 21
BLOOD BANKING
GAUGE: 16

What is another name Winged infusion set

for butterfly needle? Needle size is 23 gauge

Tue or false, needles FALSE! needles should never be recapped

should always be THE SAFETY NEEDLE DEVICE SHOULD BE ACTIVATED
recapped ...

NHA steps for 11. Stabilize the vein

venipuncture: 12. Swiftly insert the needle, 15-30 degree BEVEL UP
1. Greet and ID the 13. Once the needle has entered and you have attached
patient/verbal and/or first tube, release the tourniquet
wrist band 14. When last tube fills quickly remove needle
2. Obtain consent from 15. Apply direct pressure to site with gauze, do not bend
a patient arm
3. Ask if the patient has 16. Label the tube at time in front of the patient, date
had any problems with time and your initials
venipuncture 17. Gently invert the tube several times
(syncope)
4. Ask if the patient is
on blood

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thinner/aspirin,
Coumadin,plavix
5. Check for the order
form and the patients
chart
6. Have the patient sit
down or lie down; do
not perform
venipuncture if the
patient is standing
7. Assemble the
equipment, wash your
hands and put on non
sterile gloves
8. Locate the suitable
vein
9. Clean the
venipuncture site
10. Apply the
tourniquet 3-4 inches
above the site
continued ...

How many times 3-4 times

should the light blue
tube be inverted?

How many times does 5 times

the red tube have to (every other tube 8-10 times except light blue: 3-4)
be inverted?

What is the average 4-10 times

number of how many
times a tube has to be

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inverted?

True or false: a patient FALSE! SMOKING INCREASES GLUCOSE AND

who is fasting can CORTISOL LEVELS!
smoke as much as they
please

What must you have in Patients name

order to be able to Date of birth
take blood from a ID number
patient? Name of physician making the request
Type of test requested
Test status

What are some syncope - fainting

complication of Hematoma - resolves over time
venipuncture? Pain
Infection
Tissue trauma

What should be QNS which means quantity not sufficient

placed in the label of a
tube if the patient does
not let you finish the
draw, and you don't
have enough blood

In what cases is Older patients

capillary puncture Pediatric patients (especially under the age of 2 years
necessary? old)
ALSO WHEN VERY LITTLE BLOOD IS NEEDED

Name the different 0-6 months old - use heels

kinds of punctures 6-3 years old - capillary
used from infant 0 3 years old - median cubital vein
months old to 3 years

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old

What does PKU stand Phenylketonuria

for?

What is PKU? Represent metabolic disorder of the proteins in an infant

(test is one of the first tests to be done on a newborn)

What is the tool used Lancet

for capillary puncture?

What is a Guthries A filtered paper for capillary puncture

card? (it is used for PKU test)

What kinds of tests Drug and alcohol testing, DNA analysis or parentage
have to be followed by testing
chain of custody?

What is hemophilia? Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder

Hereditary, sex-linked disorder

What does ESR General indication of inflammation

sometimes indicate?

What is Formerly called the blood bank

immunohematology?

What are the 4 major A, B, O and AB

blood groups?

Two major antigen ABO and Rh

systems are? Person is either Rh positive or Rh negative

Blood types

Fact: All panels are ...

taken in Red top tube

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What is negligence? Failure to exercise the standard care that a reasonable

person would give under similar circumstances

What is battery? Touching a patient without patients consent

What if informed Giving the patient information about the procedure

consent?

What is the age to be 17-66 years old

able to donate blood? patient has to weigh atleast 110 pounds

What is agglutination? Clumping

What is an autologous When a person donated blood for his/her own use.
donation? Minimum time between donation and surgery can be as
little as 72 hours. To be eligible the patient must have
order from physician.

Fact: CLSI guidelines ...

set the max time limit
for separating serum
and plasma from the
cells is 2 hours.

Fact: Ideally routine ...

blood specimen
should arrive at the lab
within 45 mins

What is normal body 36.4 - 37.6

temperature in Room temperature is usually 15-30 degree Celsius
Celsius? Refrigerated temperature 2-10 degree Celsius
Frozen temperature -20 degree Celsius

Fact: keep all specimen ...

at 37 degree Celsius
EXAMPLES: COLD

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AGGLUTININ
CRYOFIBRINOGEN
CRYOGLOBULINS

Specimens to be Bilirubin
protected from light Carotene
are: Red Cell Folate
Serum Folate
Vitamin B2, B6, B12 and vitamin C
Urine Porphyrins
Urine Porphobilinogen

Chill specimen in Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

crushed ice are: Acetone
Angio-tension-converting enzyme ACE
Ammonia
Catecholamins
Free fatty acids
Gastrin
Homocystein
Lactic acid
Parathyroid hormone
PH blood gas - ABG - Aterial blood gas
Pyruvate
Rening

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