CH401 Trimester 2 Practice Exam - Key

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1 2
H He
1.008 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.61 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 181.0 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109
Fr Ra Ac Un Un Un Uns Un Une
(223) 226.0 227.0 q p h (262) o (266)
(261) (262) (263) (265)

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (145) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 231.0 238.0 237.0 (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (260)

ACTIVITY SERIES
Li
Rb
K
Ba
Sr
Ca displace hydrogen from cold water
Na
H2 O Mg
Al
Mn
Zn
Cr
Fe displace hydrogen from steam
Cd
Co
Ni
H2 Sn displace hydrogen from acids
Pb
Sb
Bi
Cu react with oxygen to form oxides
Hg
Ag
HNO3(aq)
Pt fairly nonreactive, forming oxides only indirectly
Au

REACTIVITY OF HALOGENS: F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2

 ATOMIC STRUCTURE E = energy = frequency
E = h
= wavelength p = momentum
c =
v = velocity n = principal quantum number
h
= m = mass
mv
p = mv Speed of light, c = 3.0 108 m s1
2.178 10
18
P lanck's constant, h = 6.63 1034 J s
En = 2
joule
n Boltzmann's constant, k = 1.38 1023 J K 1
EQUILIBRIUM
[H ][A ]
+ A vogadro's number = 6.022 1023 molecules mol 1
Ka =
[HA ] E lectron charge, e = 1.602 1019 coulomb
[O H ][HB ]
+

Kb = 1 electron volt per atom = 96.5 kJ mol 1

[B ] EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS
14 o
K w = [O H ][H ] = 1.0 10 at 25 C
+
K a (weak acid)
= K a K b
K b (weak base)
pH = log[H ], pO H = log[O H ]
+

K w (water)
14 = pH + pO H
K p (gas pressure)
[A ]

pH = pK a + log K c (molar concentrations)

[HA ]
o
[HB ] S = standard entropy
+

pO H = pK b + log
[B ] o
H = standard enthalpy
pK a = log K a , pK b = log K b
o
K p = K c (R T ) ,
n G = standard free energy
o
where n = moles product gas moles E = standard reduction potential
reactant gas T = temperature
THERMOCHEMISTRY
S =
o o o n = moles
S products S reactants
H
o o
= H products H reactants
o m = mass
f f

G
o o
= G products G reactants
o q = heat
f f

G
o
= H T S
o o c = specific heat capacity

= R T ln K = 2.303 R T log K C p = molar heat capacity at constant pressure

= n F E
o
E a = activation energy
k = rate constant
o o
G = G + R T ln Q = G + 2.303 R T log Q
q = mc T A = frequency factor
H
Cp = Faraday's constant, F = 96,500 coulombs per
T
ln [A ]t ln [A ]0 = kt mole of electrons
1 1
1 1 Gas constant, R = 8.31 J mol K
= kt
[A ]t [A ]0 1 1

E a 1
= 0.0821 L atm mol K
ln k =
R
() T
+ ln A
= 8.31 volt coulomb mol K
1 1
 P = pressure
GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLUTIONS
V = volume
P V = nR T
T = temperature
n 2a
P + (V nb) = nR T n = number of moles
V 2
moles A D = density
PA = Ptotal X A , where X A =
total moles m = mass
Ptotal = PA + PB + PC + ... v = velocity
m
n = urms = root-mean-square speed
M
K = oC + 273 K E = kinetic energy

P1V 1 P2V 2 r = rate of effusion

=
T1 T2 M = molar mass
m = osmotic pressure
D =
V
i = van't Hoff factor
3kT 3R T
urms = = K f = molal freezing-point depression constant
m M
1 K b = molal boiling-point elevation constant
K E per molecule = mv 2
2 A = absorbance
3
K E per mole = R T a = molar absorptivity
2
r1 M2 b = path length
=
r2 M1 c = concentration
molarity, M = moles solute per liter solution Q = reaction quotient
molality = moles solute per kilogram solvent I = current (amperes)
T f = iK f molality q = charge (coulombs)
T b = iK b molality t = time (seconds)
= iM R T (note : i is not in the A P version ) E o = standard reduction potential
A = abc K = equilibrium constant
OXIDATION-REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY G as constant, R = 8.31 J mol 1 K 1
[C ]c [D ]d
Q = , where a A + b B c C + d D = 0.0821 L atm mol 1 K 1
[A ]a [B ]b
q = 8.31 volt coulomb mol 1 K 1
I =
t
Boltzmann's constant, k = 1.38 1023 J K 1
o RT o 0.0592
E cell = E cell ln Q = E cell log Q
nF n K f for H 2O = 1.86 K kg mol 1
at 25o C K b for H 2O = 0.512 K kg mol 1
o
nE 1atm = 760 mm Hg = 760torr
log K =
0.0592
ST P = 0.000o C and 1.000 atm
F araday's constant, F = 96,500 coulombs per
mol e of electrons
1. What is the ground state electron configuration 0.167 M x 0.167 M + x x
for the Ba2+ ion?
(a) [Xe] 6s1 Kb = [NH4+][OH-]/[NH3]
(b) [Xe] 6s2 1.8 x 10-5 = (0.167 M + x)x/ (0.167 M x)
(c) [Xe] Approximate by assuming that + x and x are
(d) [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 insignificant amount
x = 1.8 x 10-5
2. The liquefied hydrogen halides have the normal pH = 14 + log(1.8 10-5) = 9.26
boiling points given below. The reason why HI -------------------------------
has a higher boiling point than the other Alternatively can use H/H equation
halides, except for HF, can be correctly Titration is in the middle of the buffer region
explained by which of the following? pH = pKa
Hydrogen Halide Normal Boiling Point, 0C pH = p(Kw/Kb) = -log(1 x 10-14/1.8 10-5) = 9.26
HF +19
HCl 85
HBr 67
HI 35 Substance Density
(a) HI gas is more ideal than the other halides (g/cm3)
expect for HF. Iron pyrite 5.02
(b) HI is the strongest acid whereas HF is the Zinc 7.13
weakest.
(c) HI molecules have a smaller dipole Copper 8.96
moment than the other halides except for Silver 10.50
HF Lead 11.35
(d) HI is much less soluble in water but not as
much as HF. Gold 19.32
(e) HI molecules are more polarizable than
the other halides, except that HF 4. A student finds a solid object that has a mass of
molecules tend to form stronger 21 g and a volume of 2.0 cm3. Based on the
intermolecular forces information in the table above, what substance
did the student find?
(a) Zinc
3. Consider the titration of 300.0 mL of 0.500 M (b) Lead
NH3 (Kb = 1.8 x 10-5) with 0.500 M HNO3. (c) Silver
After 150.0 mL of 0.500 M HNO3 have been (d) Gold
added, the pH of the solution is: 5. In which of the following sets are all of
(a) 9.26 the ions or atoms isoelectronic with each
(b) 11.48 other?
(c) 2.52 (i)K+, Na+, Mg2+ (ii)Ag+, Cd2+
(d) 4.74 (iii)Se2-, Te2-, Kr (iv)Ru2+, Rh3+
(e) none of these (v)As3-, Se2-, Br-
Stoichiometric calculation (a) iv
0.3000L (0.500 mol/L NH3) = 0.150 mol NH3 (b) ii, iv, and v
0.1500L (0.500 mol/L HNO3) = 0.0750 mol HNO3 (c) iii
New [NH3] (d) i
(0.150 mol - 0.0750 mol)/0.4500L = 0.167 M (e) ii
New [OH-] = [NH4+]
0.0750 mol/0.4500L = 0.167 M

New hydrolysis concentration

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
6. Which points in this phase diagram represent 9. Consider the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.723 M
conditions of temperature and pressure where HClO4 with 0.273 M KOH. The H3O+
liquid will be present? concentration after addition of 10.0 mL of
KOH is _________ M.
(a) 0.438
(b) 1.00 x 10-7
(c) 0.723
(d) 2.81 x 10-13
(e) 0.273
0.02500L (0.723 mol/L HClO4) = 0.0180 mol
HClO4
0.01000L (0.273 mol/L KOH) = 0.00273 mol
KOH
[H+] left in solution
(a) a, b, and g only (0.0180 - 0.00273) mol/0.03500L = 0.438 M
(b) a, c, d and g only
(c) c, d, e and g only 10. Which element should have properties
(d) a, c, d and f only most like those of phosphorus?
(a) Si
7. Propanone reacts with iodine in acid solution as (b) S
shown in this equation. (c) As
H+ (d) Sb
CH3C(O)CH3 + I2 CH3C(O)CH2I + HI
These data were obtained when the reaction 11. Consider the equilibrium NH4HS(s)
was studied. NH3(g) + H2S(g). A 4.65 g sample of solid
NH4HS is placed in an evacuated 3.0 L flask at
35 C and allowed to reach equilibrium at
which time the total pressure in the flask is 0.82
atm. What is the value of Kp at this
temperature?
What is the rate equation for the reaction? (a) 0.17
(a) rate = k[CH3C(O)CH3] [H+] (b) 0.67
(b) rate = k[CH3C(O)CH3] [I2] (c) 0.41
(c) rate = k[CH3C(O)CH3]2 (d) 0.45
(d) rate = k[CH3C(O)CH3] [I2] [H+] Ptot = PNH3 + PH2S
0.82 atm = PNH3 + PH2S
8. One basic assumption in the Bohr theory PNH3 = PH2S = 0.82 atm/2 = 0.41 atm
of the structure of the hydrogen atom Kp = PNH3 PH2S = (0.41)2 = 0.17
was that
(a) The electron could have any of a 12. The most active metals on the periodic
continuous range of energies. table have
(b) The electron could exist in any (a) Large radii and high
one of a set of discrete energy electronegativities.
levels. (b) Small radii and low
(c) The electron could move from a electronegativities.
higher to a lower energy orbit by (c) Small radii and low ionization
absorbing a quantum of energy. energies.
(d) Electromagnetic radiation would (d) Large radii and low ionization
be given off as the electron moved energies.
in orbit around the nucleus.
 13. What is the formula for potassium (d) 12.771
carbonate? (e) 8.123
(a) KCO3 Volume of titrant required to reach the equivalence
(b) K2CO3 point
(c) P2CO3 0.06550L (0.161 mol/L HF)(1 mol NaOH/1 mol
(d) P(CO3)2 HF)(1 L/ 0.1200 mol NaOH) = 0.0878 L

14. What is the Kb of a weak base that produces At the equivalence point the important species left
one OH per molecule if a 0.050 M solution is in the solution is F-, the conjugate base of a weak
2.5% ionized? acid, which will hydrolyze
(a) 7.8 x10-8 [F-] = initial mol of HF/new volume
(b) 1.6 x 10-6 [F-] = 0.06550L(0.161 mol/L)/ 0.0878 L = 0.120 M
(c) 3.2 x 10-5
(d) 1.2 x 10-3 Quick work good enough for MC question
F- + H2O HF + OH-
15. What is the formula for dinitrogen pentoxide? Kb = Kw/Ka = [HF][OH-]/[F-]
(a) N5O2 1.00 x 10-14/6.80 x 10-4 = x2/ (0.120 M - x)
(b) N2O5 x = 1.33 x 10-6 M
(c) N2O10 pH = 14 + log(1.33 x 10-6) = 8.123
(d) NO5
More precise calculation:
16. Which change represents a reduction process? F- + H2O HF + OH-
(a) NO ---> NH3 Kb = Kw/Ka = [HF][OH-]/[F-]
(b) ClO ---> ClO3 1.00 x 10-14/6.80 x 10-4 = x(1 x 10-7 + x) / (0.120 M
(c) N2O ---> N2O4 - x)
(d) HCrO4 ---> CrO42 x = 1.280 x 10-6M
pH = 14 + log(1 x 10-7 + 1.280 x 10-6) = 8.139
17. If the equilibrium P4(g) + 6Cl2(g)
4PCl3(g) is established by adding equal 20. The advice is often given that the bottom of a
numbers of moles of P4 and Cl2 to an evacuated meniscus should be used in reading a
flask, which of the following must be true at volumetric instrument. In which of the
equilibrium? following operations would it make no
(a) [Cl2] > [PCl3] difference what part of the meniscus was used?
(b) [Cl2] < [P4] (a) Making a solution of known
(c) [PCl3] > [P4] concentration using a volumetric
(d) [P4] = [PCl3] flask.
(b) Transferring 5.00 ml of a solution
18. Benzoic acid has a Ka = 6.6 x 105. What is using a transfer pipet.
the pH of a 0.30 M aqueous solution of benzoic (c) Transferring 23.7 of a solution
acid? using a burette.
(a) 0.52 (d) Measuring 65 ml using a
(b) 4.2 measuring cylinder
(c) 4.7
(d) 2.4

19. 65.50 mL of 0.161 M HF is titrated with

0.1200 M NaOH. What is the pH at the
equivalence point? (Ka for HF is 6.80 x 10-4)
(a) 7.229
(b) 7.000
(c) 13.064
21. Which of the following represents a acetone 56 C
precipitation reaction? ethanol 78 C
(a) 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
water 100 C
(b) CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s)
(a) ethyl ether
+ 2HBr(g) (b) acetone
(c) 2KNO3(s) 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) (c) ethanol
(d) 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) (d) water
(e) 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)
+ 3H2(g) 27. According to Bronsted-Lowry Theory, which
of these species cannot be amphoteric?
22. The empirical formula for a compound (a) NH3(aq)
containing 34.3% Na, 17.9% C, and 47.8% O by (b) NH4+(aq)
mass is (c) NH2(aq)
(a) Na3C3O6 (d) NH2(aq)
(b) Na2C2O4
(c) Na2CO2.5 or Na4C2O5 28. For which molecule are resonance structures
(d) N4CO4 necessary to describe the bonding
(e) NaCO2 satisfactorily?
(a) H2S
23. What is the molarity of an H2SO4 solution if (b) SO2
25.00 mL is exactly neutralized by 32.63 mL of (c) CO2
0.164 M NaOH? (d) OF2
(a) 0.428 M
(b) 0.126 M 29. What type of structure does the XeOF2
(c) 0.214 M molecule have?
(d) 0.107 M (a) T-shaped
(b) Octahedral
24. Copper (I) sulfide can be reacted with oxygen (c) Pyramidal
to produce copper metal by the reaction Cu2S + (d) Tetrahedral
O2 ---> 2Cu + SO2. If 5.00 g of Cu2S is used, (e) Trigonal planar
what is the theoretical yield of Cu?
(a) 3.99 g 30. Which arrangement shows the bonds H-H, C-
(b) 1.00 g C, and Si-Si in order of increasing bond
(c) 2.00 g energy?
(d) 10.0 g (a) C-C < H-H < Si-Si
(e) 5.00 g (b) H-H < Si-Si < C-C
(c) H-H < C-C < Si-Si
25. Which species has a Lewis electron structure (d) Si-Si < C-C < H-H
with one, and only one, unshared pair of
valence electrons? 31. Which of the following represents an acid-
(a) NH2 base neutralization reaction?
(b) H3O+ (a) 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq)
(c) H2S + 3H2(g)
(d) CH4 (b) SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(g)
(c) LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) LiNO3(aq) +
26. The boiling points of four liquids are shown. H2O(l)
Which liquid has the highest vapor pressure at
25 C? (d) 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l)
(e) CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) +
Compound Boiling Point
2HBr(g)
ethyl ether 35 C
32. Which set of temperature and pressure
conditions will cause a gas to exhibit the
greatest deviation from ideal gas behavior?
(a) 100 C and 4 atm
(b) 100 C and 2 atm
(c) -100 C and 4 atm
(d) 0 C and 2 atm
33. The oxidation of iodide ions by arsenic acid
in acidic aqueous solution occurs according to
the stoichiometry shown her: H3AsO4 + 3 I + 2
H3O+ H3AsO3 + I3 + H2O. The
experimental rate law of the reaction is: Rate =
k[H3AsO4] [I] [H3O+]. What is the order of the
reaction with respect to I?
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 6
(d) 2
(e) 5
34. Which of these factors affect the average
kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas?
1. Pressure
2. Temperature
(a) 1 only
(b) both 1 and 2
(c) 2 only
(d) neither 1 nor 2
35. A water solution of sodium carbonate,
Na2CO3, has a pH greater than 7 because
(a) It contains more carbonate ions
than water molecules.
(b) It contains more sodium ions than
carbonate ions.
(c) Sodium ions react with water.
(d) Carbonate ions react with water.
36. A sample of a gas with volume of 800 mL
and pressure of 1.0 atm is transferred to a
second container which has a volume of 250
mL and is at the same temperature. The
pressure of the gas in the new container is
(a) 0.31 atm
(b) 1.0 atm
(c) 1.5 atm
(d) 3.2 atm
37. The expression for Kc for this reaction is
NiCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) Ni2+(aq) + CO2(g) +
H2O(l)
(a) [Ni2+]/[NiCO3]
(b) [NiCO3]/[Ni2+]
(c) [Ni2+][CO2]/[H+]2
(d) [Ni2+][H+]2
(e) [CO2]
38. Which of these molecules does not contain
two pi bonds?
(a) CO
(b) CS2
(c) H2CCO
(d) H2CCH2
39. CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(g) H = -2.0
kJ. When the substances in the equation above
are at equilibrium at pressure P and temperature
T, the equilibrium can be shifted to favour the
products by
(a) Increasing the pressure by means of a
moving piston at constant T
(b) Decreasing the temperature
(c) Increasing the pressure by adding an inert
gas such as nitrogen
(d) Allowing some gases to escape at constant
P and T
(e) Adding a catalyst
40. Hydrogen and nitrogen react under proper
conditions to form ammonia in an equilibrium
mixture according to the chemical equation
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) What is the
equilibrium constant for this process when the
equilibrium concentrations are : [N2] = 0.02 M;
[H2] = 0.01 M; [NH3] = 0.10 M
(a) 5 x 105
(b) 2 x 106
(c) 5 x 101
(d) 5 x 102
41. A sample of water vapor in the flask below is (d) 0.0045 mol
at a temperature of 65 C and a pressure of 80
mmHg. 46. Which reaction characteristics will be affected
by a change in temperature?
1. Value of equilibrium constant
2. Equilibrium concentrations
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
If the flask is cooled to 45 C, which of the
(c) 1 and 2 only
following flasks best represents the sample under
(d) neither 1 nor 2
the new conditions? (Note: the vapor pressure of
water at 65 C is 187 torr and at 45 C is 72 torr.)
47. On combustion analysis, a 100.0-g sample,
C
which was made of C, H, and O, was found to
contain 70.6 g C (from CO2) and 5.92 g H
(from H2O). What is the empirical formula for
this compound?
(a) C6H6O
(b) C12H12O3
(c) C4H4O
42. Which property, if decreased, will cause an (d) CHO
increase in the rate of a reaction involving a (e) C12HO4
solid?
(a) Temperature 48. Which effect will not increase the amount of
(b) Pressure CO(g) present at equilibrium? The reaction is
(c) Concentration endothermic: CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) +
(d) particle size H2O(g)
(a) Decrease the concentration of
43. Which reaction characteristics are changed by H2O(g).
the addition of a catalyst to a reaction at (b) Increase the concentration of
constant temperature? H2(g).
1. Activation energy (c) Increase the volume of the
2. Equilibrium concentrations container.
3. Reaction enthalpy (d) Increase the temperature of the
(a) 1 only container.
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only 49. Based on the solubility rules, which of the
(d) 1, 2, and 3 following will occur when a solution containing
about 0.1 g of Pb(NO3)2(aq) is mixed with a
44. What is the best name for (NH4)2Cr2O7? solution containing 0.1 g of KI(aq) /100 mL?
(a) diammonium chromate (a) KNO3 will precipitate; Pb2+ and I are
(b) ammonium dichromate spectator ions.
(c) diammonium dichromate (b) No precipitate will form.
(d) diammonium dichromium heptaoxide (c) Pb(NO3)2 will precipitate; K+ and I are
(e) ammonium chromate
spectator ions.
45. How many moles of Mg(OH)2 can be (d) PbI2 will precipitate; K+ and NO3 are
precipitated when 15 mL of 0.20 M MgCl2 spectator ions.
solution is mixed with 25 mL of 0.18 M KOH? (e) Pb2+ and I are spectator ions, and PbI2
(a) 0.0015 mol will precipitate.
(b) 0.0022 mol
(c) 0.0030 mol
50. The reaction 2 A(g) + B(g) 3 C(g) + (d) H = + 711 kJ
D(g) is begun with the concentrations of A and
B both at an initial value of 1.00 M. When 54. Which species dissociates most completely in
equilibrium is reached, the concentration of D water solution?
is measured and found to be 0.25 M. The value (a) NH4+
for the equilibrium constant for this reaction is (b) HNO3
given by the expression (c) H2CO3
(a) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] [(0.50)2 (0.75)] (d) HSO4
(b) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] [(0.50)2 (0.25)]
(c) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] [(0.75)2 (0.25)] 55. The dissociation constant for a certain weak
(d) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] [(1.00)2 (1.00)] monoprotic acid is 9.0 x 105. What is the [H+]
of a 0.10 M solution of this weak acid together
51. The density of an unknown gas is 4.20 grams with 0.010 M of the sodium salt of the acid?
per liter at 3.00 atmospheres pressure and (a) 9.0 x 106
127_C. What is the molecular weight of this (b) 8.2 x 104
gas? (R = 0.0821 literatm/moleK) (c) 3.0 x 103
(a) 14.6 (d) 3.0 x 102
(b) 88.0 9.0 x 105 = (0.010 M+x)x/(0.10 x)
(c) 138 x = 0.00082
(d) 46.0
(e) 94.1 56. What is the molarity of the chloride ion in 250
mL of a solution containing 1.90 g of MgCl2?
52. When 2.10 g of PCl3 at 20.550C is added to (The molar mass of MgCl2 is 95.2 g mol1
100.00 g of water at 20.550C, the temperature (a) 0.16 M
of the resulting 102.10 g of solution increases (b) 0.040 M
to 30.300C. The specific heat of the solution is (c) 0.080 M
4.18 J/g0C, and the heat capacity of the (d) 0.020 M
calorimeter can be ignored. Calculate H for
reaction of 1 mole of PCl3 with excess water. 57. When the species F, Na+, and Ne are
PCl3 + 3 H2O (l) H3PO3 (aq) + 3 HCl (aq) arranged in order of increasing energy
(a) -272 kJ for the removal of an electron, what is
(b) +63.6 kJ the correct order?
(c) -132 kJ (a) F < Na+ < Ne
(d) +201 kJ (b) F < Ne < Na+
(e) -339 kJ (c) Na+ < Ne < F
(d) Ne < F < Na+
53. Use the bond energies in the table to
determine H for the formation of hydrazine, 58. Which of the following is incorrectly
N2H4, from nitrogen and hydrogen according to named?
this equation: N2(g) + 2 H2(g) ---> N2H4(g) (a) Mg(OH)2, magnesium hydroxide
Bond Energies (b) Pb(NO3)2, lead(II) nitrate
(c) PO43-, phosphate ion
N-N 159 kJ mol1 (d) NH4ClO4, ammonium perchlorate
N=N 418 kJ mol1 (e) NO3-, nitrite ion
N {triple bond} N 941 kJ mol1
1 59. What is the [OH] of a 0.65 M solution of
H-H 436 kJ mol NaOCl? (HOCl Ka 2.8 x 10-8)
H-N 389 kJ mol1 (a) 1.3 x 104 M
(a) H = 711 kJ (b) 3.5 x 107 M
(b) H = - 98 kJ (c) 2.1 x 1011 M
(c) H = + 98 kJ (d) 4.8 x 104 M
 (c) 9.9
60. Which of these substances, when in the solid (d) 10.3
phase, is expected to have the weakest (e) 3.1
intermolecular forces? Volume of titrant required to reach the
(a) Ca equivalence point (this actually does not need to
(b) C be calculated; the answer is obvious)
(c) CaC2 0.1000L (0.2 mol/L (CH3)3N)(1 mol HCl/1 mol
(d) CO2 (CH3)3N)(1 L/ 0.2 mol HCl) = 0.1000L

61. "Dry ice" is solid carbon dioxide. To which At the equivalence point the important species left
class of solids does it belong? in the solution is (CH3)3NH+, the conjugate acid
(a) Amorphous solid of a weak base, which will hydrolyze
(b) network solid [(CH3)3NH+] = initial mol of (CH3)3N /new
(c) molecular solid volume
(d) polymeric solid [(CH3)3NH+] = 0.1000L (0.2 mol/L)/ 0.20000 L
=0.1000 M This answer was also obvious
62. If a neutral atom has an atomic
number of 29 and a mass number of 61, Quick work good enough for MC question
then the atom must contain: (CH3)3NH++ H2O (CH3)3N + H3O+
(a) 90 neutrons Ka = Kw/Kb = [(CH3)3N][H3O+]/[(CH3)3NH+]
(b) 61 electrons 1.00 x 10-14/5.3 x 10-5= x2/ (0.10000 M - x)
(c) 29 neutrons x = 4.34 x 10-6 M
(d) 29 electrons pH = -log(4.34 x 10 -6 ) = 5.4
(e) 32 neutrons
More precise calculation:
63. If a weak monoprotic acid is 5.0% dissociated (CH3)3NH++ H2O (CH3)3N + H3O+
in a 0.10 M aqueous solution of the acid, what Kb = Kw/Ka = [(CH3)3N][ H3O+]/[(CH3)3NH+]
is the acid equilibrium constant, Ka, for this 1.00 x 10-14/5.3 x 10-5= x(1 x 10-7 + x) / (0.10000
acid? M - x)
(a) 2.5 x 105 x = 4.3 x 10-6 M
(b) 2.5 x 104 pH =-log(1 x 10-7 + 4.3 x 10-6 ) = 5.4
(c) 5.0 x 103 In this case the more precise calculation makes no
(d) 5.0 x 102 difference, but in cases where x is close to 10-7
then the more precise calculation is needed.
64. The net ionic equation for the reaction
between silver carbonate powder and 66. Which of the following ions is the strongest
hydrochloric acid is: Lewis acid?
(a) Ag2CO3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 Cl (a) Na+
2AgCl(s) + H2O + CO2(g) (b) CH3COO
(b) 2 Ag+ + CO32 + 2 H+ + 2 Cl (c) Al3+
2AgCl(s) + H2O + CO2(g) (d) Cl
(c) CO32 + 2 H+ H2O + CO2(g) (e) Mg2+
(d) Ag+ + Cl AgCl(s)
(e) Ag2CO3(s) + 2 H+ 2 Ag+ +
H2CO3

65. A 100.0-mL sample of 0.2 M (CH3)3N (Kb =

5.3 10-5) is titrated with 0.2 M HCl. What is
the pH at the equivalence point?
(a) 7.0
(b) 5.4
67. Consider the equilibrium reaction 4 NH3(g) + 71. The pH of 0.1M ammonia is approximately
3 O2(g) 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g) H = -1268 (a) 1
kJ Which change will cause the reaction to (b) 7
shift to the right? (c) 14
(a) Increase the temperature (d) 4
(b) Decrease the volume of the (e) 11
container.
(c) Add a catalyst to speed up the
reaction. 72. 65.50 mL of 0.161 M HF is titrated with
(d) Remove the gaseous water by 0.1200 M NaOH. What is the pH after 95.55
allowing it to react and be mL of base have been added? (Ka for HF is
absorbed by KOH. 6.8 x 10-4)
(a) 11.757
68. Which of the following represents a hydrogen (b) 7.000
displacement reaction? (c) 12.778
(a) 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) + (d) 8.119
6H2O(l) (e) 4.631
(b) 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) 0.06550L (0.161 mol/L H+) = 0.0105 mol HF
(c) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) 0.09555L (0.1200 mol/L OH-) = 0.01147 mol OH-
(d) CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + [OH-] left in solution
2HBr(g) (0.0105 - 0.01147) mol/0.16105L = 0.0057M
(e) 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) pH = 14 + log(0.0057) = 11.756
+ 3H2(g)
73. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 Atoms of an element, X,
69. Each of the following can act as both a have the electronic configuration shown above.
Brnsted acid and a Brnsted base EXCEPT The compound most likely formed with
(a) HCO3 magnesium, Mg, is
(b) NH4+ (a) MgX
(c) HS (b) MgX2
(d) H2PO4 (c) Mg3X2
(e) H2O (d) Mg2X
(e) MgX3
70. Equal masses of three different ideal gases, X,
Y, and Z, are mixed in a sealed rigid container. 74. Which oxide is the most acidic?
If the temperature of the system remains (a) MgO
constant, which of the following statements (b) CO2
about the partial pressure of gas X is correct? (c) SO2
(a) It depends on the relative molecular (d) SO3
masses of X, Y, and Z.
(b) It is equal to 1/3 the total pressure 75. Which species has the same general shape as
(c) It depends on the intermolecular forces of SO32?
attraction between molecules of X, Y, and (a) NF3
Z. (b) SO3
(d) It depends on the average distance (c) NO3
traveled between molecular collisions. (d) CO32
(e) It can be calculated with knowledge only
of the volume of the container.
 76. When dissolved in water to give 0.10 M 80. The reaction 2N2O5(g) O2 (g) + 4NO2(g) is
solution, which salt will produce the solution first order in N2O5. For this reaction at 45C,
with the lowest pH? the rate constant k = 1.0 10-5 s-1, where the
(a) NH4C2H3O2 rate law is defined as
(b) CaCl2 [ N 2 O5 ]
(c) NH4Cl Rate = = k[N2O5].
t
(d) Ca(C2H3O2)2
For a particular experiment [N2O5]0 = 1.0 10-2
77. A fixed quantity of gas at a constant pressure M, calculate [N2O5] after 1.0 105 seconds.
has a temperature of 22C and a volume of (a) 3.7 10 -4 M
55.60 L. Determine the volume of the gas if the (b) 0
temperature is increased to 38C. (c) 1.0 10-3 M
(a) 96.1 L (d) 5.0 10-4 M
(b) 52.7 L (e) none of these
(c) 32.2 L
(d) 55.6 L 81. The hybridization of the phosphorus atom in
(e) 58.6 L the cation PH2+ is:
V1/V2 = T1/T2 (a) sp2
V2 = V1T2/T1 = [55.60 L)(311K)]/(295 (b) sp3
K) = 58.6L (c) sp
(d) dsp
78. You have 75.0 mL of 0.10 M HA. After (e) none of these
adding 30.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH, the pH is
5.50. What is the Ka value of HA? 82. Which of the following types of molecules has
(a) 1.0 x 10-10 a dipole moment (when polar bonds are
(b) 2.1 x 10-6 present)?
(c) 1.0 x 10-4 (a) linear molecules with two identical bonds
(d) 1.3 x 10-6 (b) trigonal pyramidal molecules with three
(e) none of these identical bonds
[H ] = 10-5.50 = 3.2 x 10-6 M
+ (c) tetrahedral molecules with four identical
Therefore [A-] = 3.2 x 10-6 M bonds equally spaced
[HA] = 0.10 - 3.2 x 10-6 = 0.10 M (d) trigonal planar molecules with three
Ka = [A-][ H3O+]/[HA] identical bonds equally spaced
Ka = (3.2 x 10-6)2/0.10 (e) None has a dipole moment.
Ka = 1.0 x 10-10
83. The following questions refer to the gas-phase
decomposition of ethylene chloride. C2H5Cl
products. Experiments show that the
79. Three liters of sulfur dioxide gas, SO2, and two decomposition is first order. The following
liters of oxygen, O2, are reacted at a certain data show kinetics information for this
temperature and pressure. How many liters of reaction:
gaseous sulfur trioxide, SO3, can be produced Time (s) ln [C 2 H 5Cl] (M)
at that same temperature and pressure? 1.0 1.625
(a) 1.0 liter 2.0 1.735
(b) 1.5 liters
What is the time to half-life?
(c) 2.0 liters
(a) 6.3 s
(d) 3.0 liters
(b) 0.7 s
2SO2 + O2 2SO3, limiting reagent is SO2
(c) 2.2 s
3 mol SO2 (2 mol SO3/2 mol SO2 ) = 3 mol
(d) 1.3 s
SO3
(e) 8.9 s
 87. The gas phase reaction of nitrogen dioxide and
84. Which substance, when added to water, will carbon monoxide was found by experiment to
not change the pH? be second-order with respect to NO2, and zero-
(a) NaHCO3 order with respect to CO below 25C:
(b) NH4Cl NO2 + CO NO + CO2
(c) KCN Which one of the following mechanisms is
(d) KCl consistent with the observed reaction order?
85. What is the pH of 2.00 x 103 M Ba(OH)2 (a) NO2 + 2CO N + 2CO2 fast
solution? N + NO2 2NO slow
(a) 2.70 (b) NO2 + 2CO N + 2CO2 slow
(b) 3.40 N + NO2 2NO fast
(c) 11.30 (c) C. NO2 + NO2 NO3 + NO fast
(d) 11.60
NO3 + CO NO2 + CO2 slow
86. Consider the following system at equilibrium: (d) NO2 + NO2 NO3 + NO slow
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) + 92.94 kJ. NO3 + CO NO2 + CO2 fast
Which of the following changes will shift the 88. Propionic acid (pKa = 5) is titrated with
equilibrium to the right? a sodium hydroxide solution. In order to
I. increasing the temperature most accurately determine the endpoint
II. decreasing the temperature of the titration, which indicator would
be the best choice?
III. increasing the volume
(a) methy1 violet, pH range: 0 2
IV. decreasing the volume (b) bromcresol green, pH range: 4.0 -
V. removing some NH 3 5.6
(c) phenolphthalein, pH range: 8.3 -
VI. adding some NH 3
10.0
VII. removing some N 2 (d) trinitrobenzene, pH range: 12.0 -
VIII. adding some N 2 14.3
(a) I, III, V, VII
(b) II, III, V, VIII 89. What must be the ratio of acetate ion
(c) I, VI, VIII concentration to acetic acid concentration in an
(d) II, IV, V, VIII aqueous solution in order to provide a solution
(e) I, IV, VI, VII of pH 5? The Ka of acetic acid is 1.8 x 105.
(a) 0.056
(b) 1.0
(c) 1.8
(d) 5.0
(e) 0.55
Ka = [A-][ H3O+]/[HA]
[A-]/[HA] = Ka /[ H3O+]
[A-]/[HA] = 1.8 x 10-5/1 x 10-5
[A-]/[HA] = 1.8