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Basic Psychology Recap

Introduc:on to Psychology. Psychoanaly:c Theory

Psychology as an Art and Science. Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale

Day - 3

Structuralism, Func:onalism,
Behaviourism.

Subelds: Clinical, Counselling,

Thema:c Appercep:on Test

Rorschach Ink Blot Test

Personality and Social, School and

educa:onal, Developmental, BIG 5
Dr. Yogesh Pahuja Industrial, Experimental and
Abnormal. Development of behavior stages
of life
Methods in Psychology: Descrip:ve,
Experimental, Sta:s:cal and Clinical.
Perceptual and motor
development

What we shall cover today MAJOR TYPES OF LEARNING/

CONDITIONING
Classical Condi;oning
Operant Condi;oning Learning through associa:on
Classical Condi:oning
Gestalt Principles of Percep;on
Learning through consequences
Operant Condi:oning

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Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

(26 September 1849 27 February 1936)

v Russian physiologist known primarily

for his work in classical condi;oning.

v Devoted his life to the study of

physiology and sciences.

v Won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or

Medicine in 1904 and Copley Medal in
1914.

About Ivan Pavlov A serendipitous discovery

Began school at age 11
He aUended church school and seminary
school.
He read Charles Darwins The Origin of the
Species and decided that he was more
interested in science than seminary.
Pavlovs work inspired the work of John Watson
and he applied it to the Behaviorist Theory in
1913.

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Behaviourism: SR Units What is Classical

(Reexes) conditioning?
STIMULUS(S): It is detected RESPONSE(R): Organism v Classical condi;oning is a behaviourist learning process that
by an organism. emits a response. occurs when two s;muli are repeatedly paired: a response
which is at rst elicited by the second s;mulus is eventually
elicited by the rst s;mulus alone.

v Classical condi;oning is based on the famous Pavlov's dogs

experiment.

Key elements of
Pavlovs Dog Experiment
classical conditioning
v Uncondi:oned s:mulus
v Uncondi:oned response
v Condi:oned s:mulus
v Condi:oned response

Classical Conditioning

APPLICATIONS
Pavlovs experiment

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FLOODING:
Prolonged exposure theory
Used for the treatment of
phobias and anxiety disorders
It works by exposing the pa;ent
to their painful memories with
the goal of reintegra;ng their
r e p r e s s e d e m o ; o n s w i t h Its a behavioral therapy aversive stimuli is paired with an
current awareness. harmful or society undesirable behavior until the behavior
becomes associated with pain or discomfort
Used for the people who wants to get rid of bad habbits

SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION John Broadus Watson

This type of behavioral therapy used to overcome (January 9, 1878 September 25, 1958)
phobias.
It mainly includes 3 steps . v An American
1. iden;fying anxiety. psychologist who
2. copying relaxa;on strategy. established
3. habituated to situa;on. the psychological school of
behaviourism.
v Famous for infant research
and Li[le Albert
experiment

The Li[le Albert Experiment

BEFORE DURING
AFTER
CONDITIONING CONDITIONING
CONDITIONING





When Albert was

presented with

the rat again, he
When Albert tried
became scared,
to pet or come near
cried, and tried to
Baby Albert is the rat, Watson
move away from
allowed to play would make a loud
the rat.
with a pet white noise. This scared
He had become
rat. Albert enjoys Albert.
condi:oned into
pe^ng the rat and This scaring when
realizing that the
does not fear it. coming close to rat
white rat was
situa:on was
related to the loud
Albert was scared repeated many
noise.
of loud noises. :mes.

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Exercise

Some Examples of
Close your eyes and start thinking
about your favorite
food !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Classical
Conditioning

Conditioned hunger
IS YOUR MOUTH WATERING??

If yes, its because you are conditioned.!!!!

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Guess The Product with tagline

Aaj kuchh Toofani karte hai..!!!!

MARKETING & ADVERTISING Marke:ng & Adver:sing

ADVERTISING Applica:ons in Organiza:ons

In many organiza:ons like KFC,Dominos,etc employees are
given the best manager of the month with apprecia:on
and made to wear that cap for the whole month and so
whenever he wears that cap it reminds him of the
apprecia:on and applause made for him and makes him
happy and as a result his willingness to work increases.

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Thank DOG I am not born in

CONCLUSION the Pavlov-ian ERA
Although Pavlov disliked Psychology, his work remains one
of the most important in psychologys history.

According to Pavlov, conditioned reflexes were temporary

or unstable and he himself expressed that it is not an ideal
education theory.

Classical conditioning is actually not a change in the

behaviour but a similar response to a different stimulus.

Classical conditioning is ineffective for classroom

purposes.

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Strength of Behavior
Increases Decreases



Stimulus is POSITIVE POSITIVE
presented REINFORCEMENT PUNISHMENT
Consequences

Stimulus is
NEGATIVE NEGATIVE
removed
REINFORCEMENT PUNISHMENT

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Basic Principle of Operant Condi:oning

n Primary Reinforcers: known

without being learned.
Biological needs (e.g. food, n Secondary Reinforcers: learned
water) value. Condi:oned reinforcement
(e.g. money, praise)

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