TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV

ASSIGNMENTS

V year student

The department of Romance philology

Khomenko Svetlana

Kyiv 2016
 Mori

Endangerment degree Severely endangered

Mori (/mari/; Mori pronunciation: [mai] About this sound listen), also known as Te Reo ("the
language"), is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Mori people, the indigenous population
of New Zealand. Since 1987, it has been one of New Zealand's official languages. It is closely related
to Cook Islands Mori, Tuamotuan, and Tahitian.

A national census undertaken in 2013 reported that about 148,000 people, or 3.7% of the New Zealand
population, could hold a conversation in Mori about everyday things. As of 2015, 55% of Mori
adults reported some knowledge of the language; of these speakers, 64% use Mori at home and
50,000 can speak the language "very well" or "well".

There was originally no native writing system for Mori. Missionaries brought the Latin alphabet
around 1814, and linguist Samuel Lee worked with chief Hongi Hika to systematize the written
language in 1820. The resultant phonetic spellings were remarkably successful. Written Mori has
changed little since then.

The 127,000 includes both first- and second-language speakers and was generated based on the
statistic that "currently 21.3% of the Mori population of just under 600,000 report being able to speak
conversational Mori." Of these speakers, "the age group which has the highest proportion of Mori
speakers are those over 65 (of whom 39% report being able to speak Mori)," which matched with the
2013 New Zealand census statement that "the Mori ethnic group makes up 5.6 percent (32,181
people) of the 65+ population" equates to 12,550 true native speakers of Mori.

Protection

New Zealand has three official languages: English, Mori and New Zealand Sign Language. Mori
gained this status with the passing of the Mori Language Act 1987. Most government departments
and agencies have bilingual names; for example, the Department of Internal Affairs Te Tari
Taiwhenua, and places such as local government offices and public libraries display bilingual signs
and use bilingual stationery. New Zealand Post recognises Mori place-names in postal addresses.
Dealings with government agencies may be conducted in Mori, but in practice, this almost always
requires interpreters, restricting its everyday use to the limited geographical areas of high Mori
fluency, and to more formal occasions, such as during public consultation. Increasingly New Zealand
is referred to by the Mori name Aotearoa 'the long white cloud', though originally this referred only to
the North Island of New Zealand.

An interpreter is on hand at sessions of the New Zealand Parliament in case a Member wishes to speak
in Mori.

A 1994 ruling by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom held the New
Zealand Government responsible under the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) for the preservation of the
language. Accordingly, since March 2004, the state has funded Mori Television, broadcast partly in
Mori. On 28 March 2008, Mori Television launched its second channel, Te Reo, broadcast entirely
in the Mori language, with no advertising or subtitles. The first Mori TV channel, Aotearoa
Television Network (ATN) was available to viewers in the Auckland region from 1996, but lasted for
one year only.

In 2008, Land Information New Zealand published the first list of official place names with macrons,
which indicate long vowels. Previous place name lists were derived from systems (usually mapping
and geographic information systems) that could not handle macrons.
 Documentation

1. Maaori of New Zealand ( pp. 105-106 ) . R.T. Mahuta (1993) In State of the Peoples: A
Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger edited by Marc S. Miller Beacon Press
2. 2013 Census QuickStats about people aged 65 and over . Statistics New Zealand (2013)
http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-65-
plus.aspx
3. Te Oranga o te Reo Mori ki Waikato 2006 (The Health of the Mori Language in Waikato
2006) . (2009) https://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/a-matou-mohiotanga/language/
4. 2009 Rangahau i Ng Waiaro, Ng Uara me Ng Whakapono Mo te Reo Mori (2009 Survey
of Attitudes, Values and Beliefs Towards the Mori Language) . (2010)
https://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/a-matou-mohiotanga/language/
5. Maori . Winifred Bauer and William Parker and Te Kareongawai Evans (1993) Descriptive
Grammars London & New York: Routledge
6. Maori and Moriori: the linguistic evidence ( pp. 123-135 ) . Clark, Ross (1994) In The origins
of the first New Zealanders edited by Douglas G. Sutton Auckland: Auckland University
Press
7. Moriori: Language death (New Zealand) ( pp. 173-174 ) . Clark, Ross (1996) In Atlas of
languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas edited by S.A.
Wurm and P. Mhlhusler and D.T. Tryon Mouton de Gruyter
8. The Definite Article and the Authenticity of Moriori . Ross Clark (1994)
9. Jazyk Maori . Viktor Krupa (1967) Jazyki Narodov Azii i Afriki Moscow: Akademia Nauk
SSSR
10. Grammar of the New Zealand Language . R. Maunsell (1894) Auckland: W. C. Wilson
11. Te Reo Maori . Patrick Smyth (1943) Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs, Christchurch
12. A dictionary of the Maori language . Herbert W. Williams (1971) Wellington: GP Books
13. Maori . Bauer, Winifred (with William Parker and Evans), Te Kareongawai (1993)
Descriptive Grammar Series Routledge
14. A Profile Generative Grammar of Maori . Hohepa, Patrick W. (1967) Indiana University
Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics, Memoir Vol. 20 Waverly Press by Indiana
University, Bloomington
15. Maori Grammar and Conversation . Ngata, A. (1000) Whitcombe and Tombs
16. Maori . Harlow, Ray (1996) Languages of the World/Materials Vol. 20 Lincom Europa
17. Aspects of the grammar of Maori . Bauer, W. A. (1981)
18. Imperative and other means of expressing Exhortation in Maori ( pp. 404-420 ) . Polinsky,
Maria S. (2001) In Typology of Imperative Constructions edited by Xrakovski, Victor S.
Lincom Europa
19. Maori lessons for the Cook Islands . Rere, Taira (1965) Islands Education Division
20. Relativization in Maori ( pp. 305-342 ) . Bauer, Winifred (1982) Studies in Language. 6 (3)
21. A Dictionary of the Maori Language . Williams, Herbert W. (1971) A. R. Shearer,
Government Printer
22. English-Maori, Maori-English dictionary . Biggs, B. (1994) Auckland University Press
23. Handbook of Endangered Languages ( ch. Mori: revitalisation of a vulnerable language ) .
Jeanette King (in press) edited by Kenneth Rehg; Lyle Campbell Oxford University Press.
 Revitalization efforts

National support: Official language, Mori Language Act

Organizations: Immersion schools, Radio, Television, Support for home and community use

Mori Language Week (Mori: Te Wiki o te Reo Mori) is a government-sponsored initiative intended
to encourage New Zealanders to promote the use of Mori language. Mori, English and New Zealand
Sign Language are the official national languages of New Zealand. It is part of the broader Mori
language revival. It has been celebrated since 1975 and is currently spearheaded by Te Puni Kkiri, the
Ministry of Mori Development and the Mori Language Commission, with many organizations
participating, including schools, libraries, government departments, etc.

On August 2, 2015 the New Zealand national cricket team played under the name of Aotearoa for their
first match against Zimbabwe to celebrate Mori Language Week.

Corpus Data

A list of data sets created by Karaitiana Taiuru. These data sets are primarily based on the Mori
Language and were created as a result of various publications and research. All data sets are free to use
under a Creative Commons licence.

1. Pahuwera Hapu Names Version 1. Published 2017

2. Ng Puhi hapu names Version 1. Published 2016
3. Iwi Names. Version 2. Published 2016
4. Place names of New Zealand with a Mori name Version 3. Published 2016 (Sourced
from LINZ data set and modified)
5. Street names of New Zealand with a Mori: Version 3. Published 2016 (Sourced
from LINZ data set and modified)
6. .maori.nz registrations Data Set Version 1. Published 2015
7. Marae Names and locations Version 1. Published 2015
8. New Zealand School Names with a Mori translation of the primary name or a Mori as the
primary name: Version 1. Published 2013.
9. Tertiary Institutions with bilingual Maori name Data Set. Version 1. Published 2013
10. Mori corpus of unique words: Version 4. Published 2012
11. New Zealand Government names with Mori equivalent Name Version 1. Published 2012

http://www.taiuru.maori.nz/publications/data-sets/

International projects

Retaining Mori culture in:

Australia

In 1986 about 22% of Mori in Australia spoke Mori at home. Older people were more likely to be
fluent, while very few children spoke Mori a pattern also seen in New Zealand at that time. The
revival of the Mori language that took place in New Zealand over the 1990s has also reached
Australia, and language classes now operate there. By the early 2000s Mori radio operated in Sydney.

England

Even before Mori became known for their athletic prowess on the rugby field, their South Seas
origins had fascinated the English. In the early 1900s touring performers of traditional arts received
glowing accounts in the English press.
Not all entertainers returned home. Mkereti (Maggie) Papakura of Whakarewarewa renewed her
acquaintance with an Oxfordshire landowner while touring England with a troupe of Mori
performers, and married him in 1912. She had a New Zealand room in her manor, filled with feather
cloaks, flax baskets, carvings, greenstone and other taonga (treasures). During the First World War she
opened her homes to Mori troops. In this era war was the primary reason for Mori travelling
overseas; a contingent served in the Gallipoli campaign, and later fought in France as part of the New
Zealand (Mori) Pioneer Battalion. A memorial to the Mori war dead an Italian painted wooden
piet on a base adorned with Mori carving was built with funds raised by Maggie. Her book The
old-time Maori, an account of the customs of Te Arawa tribe from a womans point of view, was
published posthumously in 1938.

In the late 1950s a small group of Kiwis living in London formed the London Maori Club, promoting
their culture through the performance of traditional songs and war dances. In 1971 the group renamed
itself Ngati Ranana Maori Club (Rnana is the Mori transliteration of London). By the late 1990s
the club was holding weekly meetings and language classes were taught at New Zealand House.

The United States

In the 2000s some Mori professionals were living in New York and California, yet the most
prominent Mori community in the United States is in Utah. This had its beginnings in the 1950s,
when New Zealand Mormon missionaries established the Kiaora Club. They came from many
different Mori tribes, and dubbed themselves Ko Ngati Hiona (the tribe of Zion).

In 2003 the Utah-based New Zealand American Society was planning to build a marae in the city of
Lehi. In Provo, Utah, a cultural group called Te Kaha o ng Tpuna (the strength of our ancestors) had
also formed. In the early 2000s there were about 300 Mori families living in Utah many drawn to
the state by their Mormon faith, and the opportunities there for education and work. In Hollywood,
New Zealand Mori actors such as Cliff Curtis and Temuera Morrison have made their mark,
alongside Lee Tamahori, who directed the James Bond movie, Die another day.

Children born overseas to Mori migrants can apply for New Zealand citizenship through their parent,
or parents. But grandchildren of Mori migrants face the same restrictions as anyone else wanting to
move to New Zealand.

Other countries

Most Mori have left New Zealand either to serve in the armed forces or to find work, and these
factors have dictated their destinations. There is little evidence that Mori have travelled in significant
numbers to Polynesia (the home of their ancestors), or to places other than Australia, England and the
United States.

Linguists involved

1. Hohepa, Patrick W.
2. Reedy, Tmati Muturangi
3. Sandra Chung
4. Bauer, Winifred A.

You Tube

https://youtu.be/LSyp_1Imagw