Training Course & Assessment 2017

Robert Booth, Regulatory Advisor

Abdullah Al Lawati, HSE Manager

1
Why do we need Safety Rules?

Prevent human error fatigue, forgetting, distractions, pressure

Step by step methodological approach

Built on international experience over several decades

Learning points from previous incidents

Compliance with the law

2
Why do we need Safety Rules?

Prevent human error fatigue, forgetting, distractions, pressure

Step by step methodological approach

Built on international experience over several decades

Learning points from previous incidents

Compliance with the law

3
What can go wrong
Typical system fault levels
(i.e. the power that is released when a short circuit occurs)..

LV Systems 25MVA
11kV Systems 250MVA
33kV Systems 1400MVA

Q. Why is the LV system often considered more hazardous than HV?

4
Incidents
London, 1987
Engineer touches live HV test bushing
Forgot to remove test lead after SFT
issued to himself
Accompanied by trainee
Flash burns to hands and face
Engineer working under pressure
on complex network

5
Incidents
Khasab, 2015
Technician attempts to
repair faulty LT MCCB
without proper isolation

No PPE or approved
insulated tools

Third degree burns to

both hands

6
Incidents
Failure to identify HV cable Al Amerat, April 2014
Cable cut without being correctly identified or proved dead
Cuts into live 11kV cable
Contract jointer fatality

7
Incidents
Abu Dhabi, 2003
Technician climbs 11kV pole
to change Drop-Out fuse
Line switch has been by-passed
Touches live fuse
Died after falling from line

8
Incidents
Abu Dhabi, 2004
Engineer intends to open
open Feeder shutter for
testing
Opens adjacent live
busbar
shutter in error (not
locked)

Engineer is killed

9
Incidents
Abu Dhabi, 2003
Technician attempts to repair
live feeder pillar cable connection
Un-insulated spanner slips
and he is electrocuted (fatal)

10
Incidents
Abu Dhabi, 2006
Technician opens rear test plug
on live 33kV switchgear
PTW issued but no
demarcation at back of switchgear
Arc flash burns

11
Incidents
Musandam, 2017
Sub-contractor opens LT Feeder pillar
without PTW and attempts to connect
new service cable
Using uninsulated spanner and without
insulated gloves, makes contact with live
busbar
Technician receives fatal electrocution

12
Incidents
Riyadh, 2012
Lucy oil RMU (same spec as
used in Oman) explosion
during fault switching
Technician and trainee killed

13
Incidents
Al Kahal, 2017
O&M contractor attempts to
remove 11kV switchgear from
old power station
Technician cuts through live
11kV cable, receives minor
flash burns

14
RAECO Safety Rules
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15
Safety Rules Contents
PAGE

1 GENERAL PROVISIONS ..................................................................................11

2 DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................13

3 SAFE SYSTEMS OF WORK .............................................................................17

4 WORK ON HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT .......................................................22

5 WORK ON LOW VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT ........................................................41

6 LIST OF APPROVED PROCEDURES...........................................................44

7 APPROVED FORMS & NOTICES..................................................................47

16
1. General Provisions

17
1. General Provisions

18
1. Questions
1) Every individual carries the primary responsibility of safety for:
a) The Senior Authorised Person
b) Himself
c) His staff

2) All persons working on or near the Company systems must use:

a) Safety boots
b) Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
c) Company uniform

3) During failures of supply all apparatus, equipment and conductors:

a) Shall be regarded as live until isolated and proved dead
b) Shall only be worked on using insulated tools
c) Shall be tested with an approved device before being touched

19
2. Definitions
2.1.2 Approved

Relating to equipment or procedures which are detailed in an official

document issued by the Company

2.17 Dead

Disconnected from any live system and where the absence of voltage
has been proved by an approved testing device

2.19 High Voltage

A voltage exceeding low voltage

20
2. Definitions
2.1.8 Earthed

Connected to the general mass of earth in such a manner as will ensure at all
times an immediate discharge of electrical energy without danger

(a) Circuit Main Earth (CME)

An earth connection, applied using an approved device, between the
work place and the points of isolation, prior to issuing a Permit to
Work or Sanction for Test

(b) Additional Earth (AE)

An earth connection, applied using an approved device, between the
work place and the points of isolation, after issuing a Permit to
Work or Sanction for Test and normally at or close to the point of
work

21
2. Questions
1) What is the definition of High Voltage: *
a) A voltage above 1,000 Volts a.c. (phase to phase)
b) A voltage above 600 Volts a.c. (phase to neutral)
c) 11kV or above
2) What is the definition of an Additional Earth:
a) A portable Earth applied at the point of work
b) An Earth that is applied after issue of a Safety Document
c) An Earth that is applied before issue of a Safety Document

3) What is the definition of a Circuit Main Earth: *

a) A circuit breaker Earth
b) An Earth that is applied before issue of a Safety Document
c) An Earth applied at the point of isolation

22
2. Questions
4) A Competent person has sufficient knowledge to: *
a) Receive a Sanction for Test
b) Supervise a work team
c) Receive instructions and avoid danger
5) An Authorised person can : *
a) Issue a Permit to Work
b) Issue a Limited Access Permit
c) Can carry out switching on specified HV networks

6) A Senior Authorised Person can: *

a) Apply Additional Earths and Circuit Main Earths
b) Issue Permit to Work for the voltage specified on his certificate
c) Establish safety for work and issue instructions

23
3. Safe Systems of Work
7 steps to safe work management
2

Control and Operations

Records
1 3
Work Planning Isolation procedures

7 Safe System 4
Appointed Persons
of Work Safety Documents

Work Supervision Tools and Equipment

6 5

24
3. Safe Systems of Work

25
3. Safe Systems of Work

26
3. Safe Systems of Work
3.2.6 Work Supervision

Adequate management and supervision of work activities is essential for

ensuring safety. In particular, the responsibility of the supervising person is key
to controlling the scope of the work, avoid danger, and ensure communication
with members of the work team. The supervising person must be an
Appointed Person (CP, AP or SAP) and be in receipt of a Safety Document.

The Safety Document holder must remain on site during the course of the
work.

27
3. Questions
1) The 7 key principles of a Safe System of Work include: *
a) Control Procedures and Operations records
b) Recording outage duration
c) Work Planning and Work Supervision

2) For emergency work:

a) Planning the work stages is not possible
b) The planning stage is still relevant
c) Be careful not to make mistakes

3) The purpose of Safety Documents is to define unambiguously:*

a) the boundary of areas where there is potential danger
b) The equipment which has been made safe to work on
c) The expected duration of the work

28
4. Work on High Voltage equipment

29
4.1 Basic HV procedure

ead ( dentified and roved)

solated

ocked and tagged

arthed

afety documents & emarcation

30
4.1 Basic HV procedure

31
4.1 Basic HV procedure

32
4.1 Basic HV procedure

33
Demarcation
Work Area
under PTW

Adjacent live
circuit

Attach Danger
notices

34
4.1 Questions
1) Explain briefly the Basic Procedure for work on HV
equipment (the DIP & DILES steps):
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

35
Basic procedure for
Work on High Voltage Equipment

Check labels & Remove Additional Clear & cancel PTW

diagrams Earths

Issue SFT ( if testing

Isolate LV, Safety Lock required)
& CN
Cancel SFT
(if issued)
Isolate HV, Safety Lock
Complete work
& CN
Remove Circuit Main
Earths

Prove dead, test & apply

Circuit Main Earths Restore HV

Issue PTW Apply Additional

Test & restore LV supply
Earths

36
4.2 Switching and Records

37
4.2 Switching and Records

38
4.2 Switching and Records

39
4.2 Switching and Records

40
4.3 Isolation and Earthing

41
4.3 Isolation and Earthing

42
4.3 Isolation and Earthing

43
4.3 Isolation and Earthing

44
X
45
4.3 Isolation and Earthing

46
47
48
49
4.3.9 HV Cables
After isolation & earthing, but BEFORE issue of PTW:

Step 1 Positive Identification

cable identifier (signal injection)

Test Probe

cable box

50
4.3.9 HV Cables
Step 2; Prove Dead (by spiking)

Safe distance (min 5m)

Cable Spiker

51
4.3.11 Capacitor Banks

Before any work commences on static capacitors

(or any conductors/apparatus connected to
capacitor banks) the Senior Authorised Person shall
ensure that:

All capacitors are effectively discharged

Additional Earths are applied to each capacitor
All capaacitor units are short-circuited

52
4.3 Questions
1) The following should be done before applying a Circuit Main
Earth: *
a) Establish points of isolation and apply safety locks and caution notices
b) Issue a PTW
c) Check dead with an Approved testing device

2) Why should flexible earth leads not be used for earthing metal
clad switchgear?
3) Before starting work on busbar spouts..*
a) Apply a Circuit Main Earth
b) Check dead and apply an Additional Earth
c) Lock the shutters of live circuits

4) Explain the steps required to Positively Identify and Prove Dead

an HV cable before the issue of a PTW

53
4.3 Questions
5) Before commencing work on the busbars of a multi-panel
switchboard: *
a) Circuit Main Earth must be applied to at least one panel
b) Issue a PTW
c) An Additional Earth must be applied at the panel to be worked on

6) What precaution should be taken before commencing work

on a static capacitor (or conductor connected to capacitor
banks)?

54
4.3 Isolation and Earthing
Exercise

Preparing switching schedules and Safety Documents

55
4.4 Exposed high voltage conductors

Voltage level Prohibited Approach Safe Working Distance

Distance
Up to 11kV 0.9m Add length & reach of
longest tool or
Up to 33kV 1.2m
equipment
Up to 132kV 1.5m

56
4.4 Exposed high voltage conductors

57
4.4 Exposed high voltage conductors
4.4.2 Demarcation Near Exposed HV Conductors

..physical demarcation must be established by the SAP or AP

responsible for issuing the work instructions

The demarcation must provide a visual and physical barrier

58
4.4 Questions
1) The Safe Working Distance from a live 11kV conductor is:
a) 1.5 metres
b) Determined by the person in charge of the work
c) 0.9 metres plus the length and reach of tools and equipment to be used for the
work

2) Demarcation near exposed HV conductors must be:*

a) Non-conductive
b) Established by the SAP or AP in charge of the works
c) Visual and physical barrier

59
60
4.6 Safety Documents
4.6.1 Authority for Issue, Receipt and Cancellation

61
4.5, 4.6 Questions
1) Removal of CMEs for HV testing may be done:
a) By an Authorised Person in receipt of a Sanction For Test
b) By a Competent Person under instruction from an Authorised Person
c) By a Senior Authorised Person in receipt of a Sanction For Test
2) A Sanction for Test can be:
a) Issued by a Senior Authorised Person
b) Received by a Competent Person
c) Issued by an Authorised Person

3) An Isolation and Earthing Certificate can be:

a) Issued by a Senior Authorised Person for work on the other side of an operational
boundary
b) Issued by an Authorised Person after applying a Circuit Main Earth
c) Issued to a Competent Person

62
Exercise 2
Write a Switching Schedule and PTW for

Write a Switching Schedule and I&E Certificate

for

63