ASSIGNMENT COVERSHEET

UTS: ENGINEERING & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT NUMBER NAME OF STUDENT(s) (PRINT CLEARLY) STUDENT ID(s).

48660
SUBJECT NAME NUO CHEN
11926666

Dynamics and Control

SURNAME FIRST NAME

STUDENT EMAIL STUDENT CONTACT NUMBER

11926666@student.uts.edu.au

NAME OF TUTOR TUTORIAL GROUP DUE DATE

28/9/2017

ASSESSMENT ITEM NUMBER/ TITLE

Assignment 4 Lab report

1 I confirm that I have read, understood and followed the guidelines for assignment submission and presentation on page 2 of this cover
sheet.

1 I confirm that I have read, understood and followed the advice in my Subject Outline about assessment requirements.

1 I understand that if this assignment is submitted after the due date it may incur a penalty for lateness unless I have previously had an
extension of time approved and have attached the written confirmation of this extension.

Declaration of Originality: The work contained in this assignment, other than that specifically attributed to another source, is that of the
author(s) and has not been previously submitted for assessment. I understand that, should this declaration be found to be false, disciplinary
action could be taken and penalties imposed in accordance with University policy and rules. In the statement below, I have indicated the extent
to which I have collaborated with others, whom I have named.

Statement of Collaboration:

NUO CHEN 28/9/2017

Signature of Student(s) ____________________________________________________________Date_________________________

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

ASSIGNMENT RECEIPT To be completed by the student if a receipt is required

SUBJECT NAME/NUMBER NAME OF TUTOR

SIGNATURE OF TUTOR RECEIVED DATE

UTS: Engineering & Information Technology (2014) Assignment Cover Sheet

 STYLE GUIDE for ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION
Before submitting an assignment you should refer to the policies and guidelines set out in the:
Faculty Student Guide (https://my.feit.uts.edu.au/modules/myfeit/downloads/StudentGuide2010Spring_Online.pdf )
UTS Library writing guidelines (www.lib.uts.edu.au/students/discover-your-library/referencing-and-writing)
ELSSA Centre for writing support (www.elssa.uts.edu.au)
UTS Coursework Assessment Policy ( www.gsu.uts.edu.au/policies/assessment-coursework.html)
Unless your Subject Co-ordinator has indicated
otherwise in your Subject Outline for each subject,
you must follow the instructions below for submission
of assignments in UTS: Engineering and UTS: IT.
Writing Style
It is usually best to write your initial draft in the default
settings of your software without formatting. Use the
following guides in your writing.
Purpose and Audience: use the correct genre and
language style expected for the particular task.
Language: use Plain English for all technical
writing. More information about this language style
can be found at www.plainenglish.co.uk/free-
guides.html.
Use spelling and grammar software tools to check
your writing. Edit your document.
Standards: always use:
Australian spelling standards (Macquarie
Dictionary)
SI (International System of Units) units of
measurement
ISO (International Organisation for
Standardisation) for writing dates and times for
international documents. For example yyyy-
mm-dd or hh-mm-ss. However, for most
applications it is more helpful to present the date
in full as 26 August 2010.
Graphics and Tables should:
be numbered
have an appropriate heading and/or caption
be fully labeled
be correctly referenced.
Presentation
Unless otherwise instructed, all assignment
submissions should be wordprocessed using spell-
check and grammar-check software. Work should be
well edited before submission. Use the following
default settings.
Page Setup: set margins at no less than 20mm all
round.
Paper: print on A4 bond, double -spaced and
preferably double-sided, left justified.
UTS: Engineering & Information Technology (2014)
Font: use the software default style to provide
consistency. The recommended style includes:
10 - 12 pt font
consistent formatting with a limited number of
fonts
lines no more than 60 characters (use wider
margins or columns if you need to make lines
shorter)
Header: should include
your name and student number
the title of the paper or task.
Footer: should include the page number and current
date.
Cover sheet and statement of originality: all work
submitted for assessment must be the original work
of the student(s) submitting the work. A standard
faculty cover sheet (see over) must be attached to
the front of the submission. Any collaboration
between the submitting student and others must be
declared on the cover sheet.
Referencing
All sources of information used in the preparation of
your submission must be acknowledged using the
Harvard system of referencing. This includes all print,
video, electronic sources.
Phrases, sentences or paragraphs taken verbatim
from a source must be in quotation marks and the
source(s) cited using both in-text referencing and a
reference list.
Plagiarism is the failure to acknowledge sources of
information. Students should be fully aware of the
meaning of plagiarism and its consequences both to
your marks, position at the university and criminal
liability. The plagiarism in your assignment
submissions can be assessed both in hard copy and
in soft copy through submission to such sites as
Turnitin.
The UTS Library and the ELSSA Centre (web links
listed above) both have information for students on
referencing correctly to support you in avoiding
plagiarism.
Assignment Cover Sheet
Experiment 1: Free Vibration (By using Natural Frequence( ), spring constant (k) and
damping coefficient (C)
Parameters and Value:
Free mass: 1.437 Kg
Free mass displacement scaling: 15.08 mm/V
Forcing displacement (2X); 3.0 mm pk-pk

Graphs of the free decay responses for = 0,1,2 3

Displacement vs Time for Current I0

Xn=3.51
Xn+1=3.22

Xn=(3.51-0.1)/2 * 15.08 = 25.7114 mm Xn+1 = (3.22-0.25)/2 * 15.08 = 22.3938 mm

Displacement vs Time for Current I1

4.00
Xn=3.33 [
3.50
Xn+1=3.04

3.00

2.50
2.00


1.50
1.00
]
0.50

0.00
(0.54)

(2.92)

(7.43)
(0.01)
(0.27)
(0.80)
(1.07)
(1.33)
(1.60)
(1.86)
(2.13)
(2.39)
(2.66)
(3.19)
(3.45)
(3.72)
(3.98)
(4.25)
(4.51)
(4.78)
(5.04)
(5.31)
(5.57)
(5.84)
(6.10)
(6.37)
(6.63)
(6.90)
(7.16)
(7.69)
Xn = 3.33/2 * 15.08 = 25.1082 mm Xn+1 = (3.04-0.5)/2 * 15.08 = 19.1516 mm

Displacement vs Time for Current I2

3.50E+00
Xn=3.01
3.00E+00

2.50E+00 Xn+1=2.40

2.00E+00

1.50E+00

1.00E+00

5.00E-01

0.00E+00
-7.48E+00

-3.88E+00
-1.00E+01
-9.64E+00
-9.28E+00
-8.92E+00
-8.56E+00
-8.20E+00
-7.84E+00

-7.12E+00
-6.76E+00
-6.40E+00
-6.04E+00
-5.68E+00
-5.32E+00
-4.96E+00
-4.60E+00
-4.24E+00

-3.52E+00
-3.16E+00
-2.80E+00
-2.44E+00
-2.08E+00
-1.72E+00
-1.36E+00
-1.00E+00
-6.40E-01
-2.80E-01
Xn = 3.01/2 * 15.08 = 22.6954 mm Xn+1 = (2.40-1) /2 * 15.08 = 10.556 mm

Displacement vs Time for Current I3

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50 Xn+1=1.68

1.00

0.50
Xn=0.11
0.00
(5.06)
(3.96)
(4.18)
(4.40)
(4.62)
(4.84)

(5.28)
(5.50)
(5.72)
(5.94)
(6.16)
(6.38)
(6.60)
(6.82)
(7.04)
(7.26)
(7.48)
(7.70)
(7.92)
(8.14)
(8.36)
(8.58)
(8.80)
(9.02)
(9.24)
(9.46)
(9.68)
(9.90)

Xn = 0.11*15.08 = 1.6588 mm Xn+1 = 1.68 * 15.08 = 25.3344 mm

Calculation of angular natural frequency ( )

From graph of Displacement vs Time, There are 10 period of function and we can know that
total time duration is 9.73s.
Which T = 9.73 /10 = 0.973 s
fn = 1/0.973 = 1.02775 Hz
= 2fn = 2 x 1.02775 = 6.4575 rad/s
Calculation of spring constant k

=/

k= ^2 *m = 6.4575^2 * 1.437 = 59.9219 N/m

Calculation of damping coefficient by using formula below:

=
+ 4^2

Cc= 2* *m = 2*6.4575*1.437=18.5589 Ns/m

Damping constant c for I0:

25.7114
= ln 22.3938 = 0.138

0.138
= =0.021959
42 +0.138^2

c = 0.021958* 18.5589 = 0.407 Ns/m

Damping constant c for I1:

25.1082
= ln 19.1516 = 0.2708

0.2708
= =0.043059
42 +0.2708^2

c = 0.043059 * 18.5589 = 0.799 Ns/m

Damping constant c for I2:

22.6954
= ln 10.556
= 0.7655

0.7655
= =0.12
42 +0.7655^2

C = 0.12 * 18.5589 = 2.22 Ns/m

Damping constant c for I3:

1.6588
= ln 25.3344 = 2.72

2.72
= =-0.466
42 2.72^2

c = -0.466 * 18.5589 = -8.64844 Ns/m

Discussion
The aim of this experiment is calculating the variables such as period, natural frequency and
damping coefficient and then by using all the variables to determine the damping constant c
of each different experiment. By using the damping current from graph and the mass
displacement scaling we can get the displacement of the vibrating object. According to the
four graph that with four different current that we set which is I0, I1, I2 and I3. We can get
that when the damping current is increase the system become more stable which the energy
is not applied to the system and the object stops vibrating become faster.

This simulate experiment gives us a lot of information about the vibrating system application
and the experiment we did can be regard as the real work example. It is like the real-world
example by using damping. By calculating the necessary variables, we can prevent the
vibration damage to the product or anything need to avoid vibrating.
Experiment 2: Forced Vibration

Forcing System Response(V) System Response(mm) X/X

Frequency
r f I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3
f/fn Hz V V V mm mm mm X/X X/X X/X
0.4 0.668 0.28 0.28 0.26 4.2 4.2 3.92 1.40 1.40 1.31
0.6 1.0 0.36 0.36 0.34 5.43 5.43 5.13 1.81 1.81 1.71
0.8 1.3336 0.68 0.62 0.42 10.25 9.35 6.33 3.42 3.12 2.11
0.9 1.5003 1.45 0.92 0.42 6.79 13.87 6.33 2.26 4.62 2.11
1 1.667 1.71 0.94 0.4 25.79 14.18 6.03 8.60 4.73 2.01
1.1 1.8337 0.66 0.58 0.36 9.95 8.746 5.43 3.32 2.92 1.81
1.2 2.0004 0.4 0.38 0.3 6.032 5.73 4.52 2.01 1.91 1.51
1.5 2.5005 0.18 0.18 0.22 2.71 2.71 3.32 0.90 0.90 1.11
2 3.334 0.1 0.1 0.14 1.508 1.51 2.11 0.50 0.50 0.70

X/X' VS r
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.5 2

I1 I2 I3

Experiment 2 Discussion
According to the graph of the I1 I2 and I3, the highest vibrating peak happened when r equal
to 1. When the r equal to 1, it has the same value of the natural frequency which the
resonance phenomenon occurs. Another phenomenon can be also found during the
experiment, when the system has more damping current applied on, the system has lower
amplitude response. At last, when the system has more damping added, the system will
become stable slower.
Demonstration A discussion
Experiment A demonstrate the resonance vibrating of the tuned mass damper on the
vibrating beam rig. When the external force vibrating frequency reached same value of
natural frequency of system, the resonance phenomenon occurs and the amplitude of the
resonance increasing. During the experiment, the counter weights will measure the rotation
of the external force till the mass block is fixed to the vibrating rod. When the external force
vibrating frequency equal to the natural frequency w0 the system starts to resonance. There
are several ways to reduce the resonance of the system. Firstly, reduce the external force
frequency w0. Secondly, release of the mass block of the second mass. When the mass block
of the second mass is released, the system become a dynamic absorber which means that
system can changed from 1 degree system of freedom become 2 degree system of freedom.
It can absorb the external force from the second mass and the system has less possibility to
resonance. Because the 2 degree system of freedom now has two natural frequency and also
two modes comparing to the previous. Another result is that the 2 degree system now can
vibrating with more wide frequency without resonance. It is a good method to reduce the
resonance happened in the real world example. This method can be applied to real example
such as bridge and building. When the building and bridge set with damper can prevent
resonance in the natural disaster such as earthquake and typhoon.

Demonstration B discussion
Experiment B demonstrate us the multiple degrees of freedom system. In the experiment,
there are 3 masses block added to the different level of the system and formed to 3 degree
of freedom system. In result, there will be three different modes of vibrating of the system
and each mode has the different resonance frequency. For example, the first mode of the
system,

Figure 1
The figure1 shows the masses all vibrating in one direction and it has the lowest resonance
frequency.
Figure 2

The figure 2 shows the second mode of the system with only top and bottom stage vibrating
with resonance. The middle stage of the system remains steady state.

Figure 3
The figure 3 shows the last mode of the system that it become the dynamic absorber. The
water bottle was added to the top part of the system and when the system starts to vibrating,
the water in the water bottle absorb the vibrating energy and the system vibrating with a
very low frequency which can make the system not easily reached the resonance.