Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 1

Chapter 7
Distributions of the Sample Mean and Sample Proportion
and Sampling Techniques
7.13 = 50, = 10, n = 64

a) P( x > 52):

x 52 50
z = = 1.6
10
n 64

from Table A.5, Prob. = .4452

P( x > 52) = .5000 - .4452 = .0548

b) P( x < 51):

x 51 50
z = = 0.80
10
n 64

from Table A.5 prob. = .2881

P( x < 51) = .5000 + .2881 = .7881

c) P( x < 47):

x 47 50
z = = -2.40
10
n 64

from Table A.5 prob. = .4918

P( x < 47) = .5000 - .4918 = .0082

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 2

d) P(48.5 < x < 52.4):

x 48.5 50
z = = -1.20
10
n 64

from Table A.5 prob. = .3849

x 52.4 50
z = = 1.92
10
n 64

from Table A.5 prob. = .4726

P(48.5 < x < 52.4) = .3849 + .4726 = .8575

e) P(50.6 < x < 51.3):

x 50.6 50
z = = 0.48
10
n 64

from Table A.5, prob. = .1844

x 51.3 50
z = 1.04
10
n 64

from Table A.5, prob. = .3508

P(50.6 < x < 51.3) = .3508 - .1844 = .1644

7.14 = 23.45 = 3.8

a) n = 10, P( x > 22):

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 3

x 22 23.45
z = = -1.21
3.8
n 10

from Table A.5, prob. = .3869

P( x > 22) = .3869 + .5000 = .8869

b) n = 4, P( x > 26):

x 26 23.45
z = = 1.34
3.8
n 4

from Table A.5, prob. = .4099

P( x > 26) = .5000 - .4099 = .0901

7.15 n = 36 = 278 P( x < 280) = .86

.3600 of the area lies between x = 280 and = 278. This probability is
associated with z = 1.08 from Table A.5. Solving for :

x
z =

n

280 278
1.08 =

36

1.08 = 2
6

12
= = 11.11
1.08

7.16 n = 81 = 12 P( x > 300) = .18

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 4

.5000 - .1800 = .3200 and from Table A.5, z.3200 = 0.92

Solving for :

x
z =

n

300
0.92 =
12
81

12
0.92 = 300 -
9

1.2267 = 300 -

= 300 - 1.2267 = 298.77

7.17 a) N = 1,000 n = 60 = 75 =6

P( x < 76.5):

x 76.5 75
z = = 2.00
N n 6 1000 60
n N 1 60 1000 1

from Table A.5, prob. = .4772

P( x < 76.5) = .4772 + .5000 = .9772

b) N = 90 n = 36 = 108 = 3.46

P(107 < x < 107.7):

x 107 108
z = = -2.23
N n 3.46 90 36
n N 1 36 90 1

from Table A.5, prob. = .4871

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 5

x 107.7 108
z = = -0.67
N n 3.46 90 36
n N 1 36 90 1

from Table A.5, prob. = .2486

P(107 < x < 107.7) = .4871 - .2486 = .2385

c) N = 250 n = 100 = 35.6 = 4.89

P( x > 36):

x 36 35.6
z = = 1.05
N n 4.89 250 100
n N 1 100 250 1

from Table A.5, prob. = .3531

P( x > 36) = .5000 - .3531 = .1469

d) N = 5000 n = 60 = 125 = 13.4

P( x < 123):

x 123 125
z = = -1.16
N n 13.4 5000 60
n N 1 60 5000 1

from Table A.5, prob. = .3770

P( x < 123) = .5000 - .3770 = .1230

7.18 = 99.9 = 30 n = 38

a) P( x < 90):

x 90 99.9
z = = -2. 03
30
n 38
 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 6

from table A.5, area = .4788

P( x < 90) = .5000 - .4788 = .0212

b) P(98 < x < 105):

x 105 99.9
z = = 1.05
30
n 38

from table A.5, area = .3531

x 98 99.9
z = = -0.39
30
n 38

from table A.5, area = .1517

P(98 < x < 105) = .3531 + .1517 = .5048

c) P( x < 112):

x 112 99.9
z = = 2.49
30
n 38

from table A.5, area = .4936

P( x < 112) = .5000 + .4936 = .9936

d) P(93 < x < 96):

x 93 99.9
z = = -1.42
30
n 38

from table A.5, area = .4222

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 7

x 96 99.9
z = = -0.80
30
n 38

from table A.5, area = .2881

P(93 < x < 96) = .4222 - .2881 = .1341

7.19 N = 1500 n = 100 = 177,000 = 8,500

P( X > $185,000):

X 185,000 177,000
z = = 9.74
N n 8,500 1500 100
n N 1 100 1500 1

from Table A.5, prob. = .5000

P( X > $185,000) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000

7.20 = $65.12 = $21.45 n = 45 P( x > x 0 ) = .2300

Prob. x lies between x 0 and = .5000 - .2300 = .2700

from Table A.5, z.2700 = 0.74

Solving for x 0 :

x0
z =

n

x 0 65.12
0.74 =
21.45
45

2.366 = x 0 - 65.12 and x 0 = 65.12 + 2.366 = 67.486

7.21 = 50.4 = 11.8 n = 42

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 8

a) P( x > 52):

x 52 50.4
z = = 0.88
11.8
n 42

from Table A.5, the area for z = 0.88 is .3106

P( x > 52) = .5000 - .3106 = .1894

b) P( x < 47.5):

x 47.5 50.4
z = = -1.59
11.8
n 42

from Table A.5, the area for z = -1.59 is .4441

P( x < 47.5) = .5000 - .4441 = .0559

c) P( x < 40):

x 40 50.4
z = = -5.71
11.8
n 42

from Table A.5, the area for z = -5.71 is .5000

P( x < 40) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000

d) 71% of the values are greater than 49. Therefore, 21% are between the
sample mean of 49 and the population mean, = 50.4.

The z value associated with the 21% of the area is -0.55

z.21 = -0.55

x
z =

n
 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 9

49 50.4
-0.55 =

42

= 16.4964

7.22 p = .25

a) n = 110 P( p < .21):

p p .21 .25
z = = -0.97
pq (.25)(.75)
n 110

from Table A.5, prob. = .3340

P( p < .21) = .5000 - .3340 = .1660

b) n = 33 P( p > .24):

p p .24 .25
z = = -0.13
pq (.25)(.75)
n 33

from Table A.5, prob. = .0517

P( p > .24) = .5000 + .0517 = .5517

c) n = 59 P(.24 < p < .27):

p p .24 .25
z = = -0.18
pq (.25)(.75)
n 59

from Table A.5, prob. = .0714

p P .27 .25
z = = 0.35
pq (.25)(.75)
n 59
 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 10

from Table A.5, prob. = .1368

P(.24 < p < .27) = .0714 + .1368 = .2082

d) n = 80 P( p > .30):

p p .30 .25
z = = 1.03
pq (.25)(.75)
n 80

from Table A.5, prob. = .3485

P( p > .30) = .5000 - .3485 = .1515

e) n = 800 P( p > .30):

p p .30 .25
z = = 3.27
pq (.25)(.75)
n 800

from Table A.5, prob. = .4995

P( p > .30) = .5000 - .4995 = .0005

7.23 p = .58 n = 660

a) P( p > .60):

p p .60 .58
z = = 1.04
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660

from table A.5, area = .3508

P( p > .60) = .5000 - .3508 = .1492

b) P(.55 < p < .65):

p p .65 .58
z = = 3.64
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660
 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 11

from table A.5, area = .4998

p p .55 .58
z = = 1.56
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660

from table A.5, area = .4406

P(.55 < p < .65) = .4998 + .4406 = .9404

c) P( p > .57):

p p .57 .58
z = = -0.52
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660

from table A.5, area = .1985

P( p > .57) = .1985 + .5000 = .6985

d) P(.53 < p < .56):

p p .56 .58 p p .53 .58

z = = -1.04 z = = -2.60
pq (.58)(.42) pq (.58)(.42)
n 660 n 660

from table A.5, area for z = -1.04 is .3508

from table A.5, area for z = -2.60 is .4953

P(.53 < p < .56) = .4953 - .3508 = .1445

e) P( p < .48):

p p .48 .58
z = = -5.21
pq (.58)(.42)
n 660

from table A.5, area = .5000

P( p < .48) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 12

7.24 p = .40 P( p > .35) = .8000

P(.35 < p < .40) = .8000 - .5000 = .3000

from Table A.5, z.3000 = -0.84

Solving for n:
p p
z =
pq
n

.35 .40 .05

-0.84 = =
(.40)(.60) .24
n n

0.84 .24
n
.05

8.23 = n

n = 67.73 68

7.25 p = .28 n = 140 P( p < p0 ) = .3000

P( p < p0 < .28) = .5000 - .3000 = .2000

from Table A.5, z.2000 = -0.52

Solving for p0 :
p 0 p
z =
pq
n

p 0 .28
-0.52 =
(.28)(.72)
140

-.02 = p0 - .28

p0 = .28 - .02 = .26

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 13

7.26 P(x > 150): n = 600 p = .21 x = 150

150
p = = .25
600

p p .25 .21
z = = 2.41
pq (.21)(.79)
n 600

from table A.5, area = .4920

P(x > 150) = .5000 - .4920 = .0080

7.27 p = .48 n = 200

a) P(x < 90):

90
p = = .45
200

p p .45 .48
z = = -0.85
pq (.48)(.52)
n 200

from Table A.5, the area for z = -0.85 is .3023

P(x < 90) = .5000 - .3023 = .1977

b) P(x > 100):

100
p = = .50
200

p p .50 .48
z = = 0.57
pq (.48)(.52)
n 200

from Table A.5, the area for z = 0.57 is .2157

P(x > 100) = .5000 - .2157 = .2843

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 14

c) P(x > 80):

80
p = = .40
200

p p .40 .48
z = = -2.26
pq (.48)(.52)
n 200

from Table A.5, the area for z = -2.26 is .4881

P(x > 80) = .5000 + .4881 = .9881

7.28 p = .19 n = 950

a) P( p > .25):

p p .25 .19
z = = 4.71
pq (.19)(.89)
n 950

from Table A.5, area = .5000

P( p > .25) = .5000 - .5000 = .0000

b) P(.15 < p < .20):

p p .15 .19
z = = -3.14
pq (.19)(.81)
n 950

p p .20 .19
z = = 0.79
pq (.19)(.89)
n 950

from Table A.5, area for z = -3.14 is .4992

from Table A.5, area for z = 0.79 is .2852

P(.15 < p < .20) = .4992 + .2852 = .7844

 Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions 15

c) P(133 < x < 171):

133 171
p1 = = .14 p2 = = .18
950 950

P(.14 < p < .18):

p p .14 .19 p p .18 .19

z = = -3.93 z = = -0.79
pq (.19)(.81) pq (.19)(.81)
n 950 n 950

from Table A.5, the area for z = -3.93 is .49997

the area for z = -0.79 is .2852

P(133 < x < 171) = .49997 - .2852 = .21477