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4 Solutions
Assigned: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 21, 25, 26, and 29.
Solutions:
1. (x2y + x4cos x) dx x3dy = 0
It isn't exact since M/y = x2 N/x = 3x2.
Putting the equation into preferred form:
x3dy = (x2y + x4cos x) dx
dy/dx = (y + x2cos x)/x So it isn't separable either.
In potentially linear form:
x3(dy/dx) = x2y + x4cos x
x3(dy/dx) x2y = x4cos x So it is linear.
2. (x10/3 2y)dx + x dy = 0
M/y = 2 N/x =1, so this is not an exact equation.
Some manipulation:
x(dy/dx) 2y = x10/3, so it's a linear equation
dy/dx = (2y x10/3)/x, so it isn't separable.
4.
, so it isn't exact.
In potentially linear form: . It isn't linear either.
In preferred form: . It is separable.
Summary: exact, not separable, not linear if y = y(x) but linear if x = x(y).
6. xy dx + dy = 0
M/y = 2x N/x =0, so this is not an exact equation.
dy/dx = xy, this is separable.
dy/dx + xy = 0, this is linear.
7. dr + (3r 1) d = 0
M/ = 1 M/r = 3, so this is not exact.
d/dr = /(1 3r), so this is not separable.
(3r 1)(d/dr) + = 0 is not linear, but rearranging this as if r were a function of , I get:
dr/d = (1 3r)/
(dr/d) = 1 3r
(dr/d) + 3r = 1 , and so this is linear.
Summary: linear (with r the dependent variable), not separable, not exact.
NOTE: At this stage, the interested reader ought to go back and recheck each equation that was deemed not
to be linear to see whether it could be thought of as linear with the roles (independent/dependent) of the
variables reversed.
Solution: .
20.
M/y = y(sin xy)(x) + cos xy = xy sin xy + cos xy
N/x = x(sin xy)(y) + cos xy = xy sin xy + cos xy
So this is an exact equation.
I found this one easier to do with respect to y instead of with respect to x (the integral is easier).
F(x, y) = (x cos xy y 1/3) dy = sin xy (3/2)y2/3 + h(x)
h(x) = F(x, y) sin xy + (3/2)y2/3
h(x) = 2 arcsin x
ln x + x2y2 sin y = C
x tan y 2x + ln y = C
Solution: y = x2/(C x)
Note that this solution cannot be represented by x2/(C x) for any constant value, C.
So the answer is yes at least one solution was lost in the process.