{EEE Tanactons on Power Sytem, Vl 4 No.3, Aap 1902 ne ‘OPTIMAL ECONOMIC POWER TRANSFERS. BJ. Parker, Deninger, Pore G.J Anders and M.S. Mirsky ‘ontario ro Toronto, Ontario. Abstract - This paper describes he mathematica models sed by an Ipegrated seta pchage wh computer expt dei rans" (Sens anong alien tn nerconneied cic stom. The Store paciage can be wed 10 sly poem economic bons which an be achcred by tnroving voninion and generation rte Tt ‘item tera a ue for power stom operator 41. INTRODUCTION Scveralcompanie within the Nonh American iersnrected power system ae fining themseves its ulus of chep neat poche some other Have rly on ore exenive geteralan 1 ‘te their lose, "Under eso ceusunes age cconomle beets ‘ante reir by oth the ow cost Suplus ap Be wsed replace he ‘expensive gereration, "The fundamen qustons red ote addressed by the pan ring engineer. ly 4. What sf we pot economic benefits which canbe relied ‘hin the conta of he ensing arson capacity, Boh Incl and excema What ae the ming vanomison ietaces which prevent fr (hereconomic waste? What se he potent ens Bneis whic canbe achive if {te wanwnisonbotlenesks me elimina by lion tans isin ees? ‘The ansertp te above woul provide a much needed basi for suing ie cote of peta makes To coin qumtanive ane Be above quests, one ress compuaional procedure wh 1. Pemitesimulton of ptem opera fr several oa eves. 2, Allows the wer to ierely aust ard coco the operating endorse er wo closely resemve real e operating Sheen foreach lad level Refer enone tansctons Me imicmeniee 3, Aves at an optimal traction ptm which maximizes the Profit slg from implementation of 2 pedi! se of Companyocompaay vanes spermpose onthe operating fondo been. 44. roves an explicit ent of te panes entering ach of ‘he wunstons obtaihed in 3 ogee wih te foes exchanged Ineachiaction, S. Allows the wie oft conions ave taller the comomie ‘Tamacton opinion oye as a uing point or fer Jsmcnueconomic anu pinta eels Provides sfiient td copy and visual display rests © allow fhe mer to quick aye he fl impact of every chang in te ‘sem operating codon Bough aoe y the Iplemetson ot poner easacons. 89 ba 176-9 ins A paper reconmended and approved by the IE Rove sprtenfginesiny Gonaitten of the TEEE/PES 1969 Wlater Meeting, New York, Nev forks January 23» Febery 3) 1903.” Manusetipe subat ted ‘oquse 22, 1966; made available for printing ‘program withthe above capes has been developed in Cnaio Hydro Tis program covzains « nunte of compan fre "The pups of tis pape 10 deserbe the mathemati tetsu lo somplish sep T'S above. This pape ao esenbes the rena bined fram te propa en Used with a elise es ‘Ther has teen cosdeble Inrest among researches and etecic uty engiers inthe subectof savings sag fo poling ‘of power 1-10). General, the approach discussed in Us paper = Sent fom exiting meds 110) vo aspects: Ae exiting economic dps madels consider onty Seay ocompany Goa pal power tanses wih gees thm dpsed pbal a tere nied a singe operator wh Imucmizes the tele wo the ene sysem sted tn ely, ‘ach cpap peas o met sewn load exsng cera pe loailg of he transmission sym which tu consis Fc economic power artes. Ts pote i addressed ine pperand is disbssed in Sexton 8 1 Unite existing models be poposel proach idetifis tcl. foe merararons (ef ed y slg ity © impeen {Sle and fue placed by buying wy) tus pelaing pecse ‘Srahaton of he economle Dena achieved "Te ope ‘ised in dtl in Seaton 5a 6 2. OVERVIEW OF COMPUTATIONAL PROCEDURE nt mathematical ode considered here he itrooonetot oer sytem vied imo pols which num ae divided io com Frriec forthe pupon of dpncting generation, pacar ae a aed by te wer ‘The dptcingaea canbe eer a pol © ‘cnpany. The computational pocedor is inpemented by four basic ‘module, namely 1. Bus Grouping -esemally « network equvalencing tne tat fefocer large neneorke © matmise he compuabona speek {Tir module ir exconed ony one foreach nay, proce Da Aheinerfice ecto andthe rtwerkpology eas costa. 2 Ina Boonie Dispatch «campus the dpa for each = patching are oral lend levels inte ost esonmle amet Faas of eatamison Hains. Ts module uses the ed {eu penerston models deere in Secon 3. Disp Adjustment «allows te ater o madly the operaine fenwitons The resus wl provide the inal operaing con thn sisal power arses on which he exami ane thn il be superposed 44 Economic Tansacton Optimization - computes an opis ans Son pater bsel on profable asctios om tw eeined [ster parang compares and ook. ‘The manne in which these motes ae wed is Swan in Figure 1s shown. te Intl Economie Dist is performed once fo all lead eels wile ean Dispatch Adjustment and Boonie Transaction Optaieaton performed foreach loa evel ini. AO Op ‘tng condos esl from an Economic Traneson Option fan be usd as a. sring poi for anoher Dinpah Adns™ ‘menonome-Trensaton Opumntion stage forup 010 stage. Ail power flow computations re perfomed with «DC oat ow eich if used to provide the nea atop between he fel power bus injections and rel power lowe. Te setwor daa fore neared Teed ow is btaied rom a eomerged AC oat How ie on4-950/98 ou 116750. © 198 EEEae) OS") gates] (ER a5 SH oD | Figure I> Stage Opinion Press 3, BUS GROUPING cans he pial pn anor i ae ty urge stems it would be Gry cabernet comer the charge Now nea ie nthe sj Therefore. he rogram egies th wer {provide staf he mporam evar Ge tsa ies) whose flow line mua be observed ig We anette power vans ‘Cone Ava feu pnenor Bust wich price Ie sme MW Ns ‘Range al sled inrtes may he gouped tour as ie were {TSnie this enenon for pmupng of bases povices Tort of ‘erm eivalencing tecqu wie, tar, ssa Feces Themed compu eon. “The bus Eoupngalgonhnwss fthe fotowing assumptions: 1. nation changes in the retuosk de 0 ransacens wit occur ‘lyon genenton bese bed pss shite emia 2 Any changeincach company lot wile ech usa in ha ena porn ‘The no cng as ay cv cri ch rot \Gpac i We wamacion oman procs a ih, Sha fs aal siing ows, wiles pete ‘ont lod mcf Nowa To ad ti perran f thse compan med comma roel esa tn iow ofthe above assmsions, can Be cond ut ea ‘tae Naw can be compute a apeption our ampan’s ‘ow conitution uso company fas nthe ae fine ‘Rw eointation dsto gear eae fines Fw eatin df ase ser compensating cme 6 ‘Appendix. Ets flow conibuton dc 1 inktons oad the study An ariray reece bos lected 32k (ree for the comput of he re fw cotton St eration |fedoneor company ate "Teconpay ed conto compa conideang sn atin company dari amone he compo 1) beset me sane proponion tne AC Toa fw fic The ‘Perece bus forbs ae wil provide unt son while ei Satanic emanng sarin rte S77 "fe nts ew conbton duc gear W comesed by caning ow ght wed sas lw ah iheaton we’ incr fun ands gave unt jcten ine ‘rence te fsa raefw enbton gosto Sos he sa of mer are corps by sling be DC ow ‘Sova ie iets ne stay se et a “The ow in an trae can ofr be expres 8 + © Font Cals 03 th GS ow iiarfae m duet unit oad in company + ‘oud copay nw inerfce'm ue unt nccton nes (ih) where and! ae the feminale of phase stir epee curentfor phase shir p Gee AP ee) Tost ow contbon wo ertace m de in ‘stone ote may ae G = Senetaonatbus | 8 SEtof compare te sy re 8 Setor genase uy ae © F Storpasestites inthe stg area i can be sen hat same busses wil ane sia values of or any inerfce m, When i sitaion ects Ge, wea De wales of 8 for every meriace ae witin a speifedtalcane) he buses a oaped ta single us. The vale oh forthe bs rou wl ee Serie ofthe vale forth nid! se ‘The user must Spy a staring trance and he mama rurter bir groupe ob reine ar he grouping process. te ‘pei irae fu fie a 0 cae te ranma mobs es [Boups tobe excecded, tetra algal tare by SS ‘The proces ts repented unl the program babe to pup generator basses othe akimup ruber of bus eps The inal gun {oleance may tum ou fo be to couse aso cose uscroetaes ‘acer in te caleltion oth ce fms fi occ he wer ‘Sal epet he pours ocess wil alge value ore maxi ‘ar bs pros, Aer a saisatry grouping has ben achieved, he bs groups ges fy aod els fd rtf cos Gta forte mal However te wer M89 ‘hang he vale oF Fit hes dss. ‘The lead cation curves ue sed ine predetermined numer ‘ot toa evel (manna of en). The nomber ofa tevels pends on ewes equines 42 Generation Mode ‘The avalale nya capac and energy of every dispatch sea eed pk sha he loa arion cones Te ema{ste themal demand ote met by the thermal enero. "The pga wes deemintc mel ee he eral goer sion. A prbvbliaie model would be petal wand deen (Eaton of te pgs. Such padi model wold requ Thc wero ee (oat en isped many of he probable sper snes ‘erste bythe progr neve ermal is (ot on passed ouage) af sumed cape of opening at tei expesed vals. nee! wards eo [naval om tual wl te ven by = Gar) wherG;= ava generation of uit (MW) (C= aac of unt AW) = reed outage rat of anit 43 Generation Dipatch “The genes paths init by dspacing the dae s.r the dry ae ods we et shaved Byte Mya Shit he emaing a soppy he nl wit i ees wa sae © hve cna ena coas, Al eal unas aged 0 cos goes. A mama of ‘Set rura a lowed, Te cot ng of ech cos pou ined by {heer Unis ne same un pou wach belong fo same compa A ta ine sme cost oup ae groped imo Se equal wt ‘Formal wat Supt perme by dig ens in ech Sgpacing {Te company or oo a petid bythe we on he bass nee nce cou i ae load Stijn po ys meen ny ed asc sions tetweon omni when be wer ows a prorat wi Dave 1 {ike plac, Thew tanvacons maybe du fo previously estas eo vacua ‘Aner we system has been diptcad, the ows on te monitored nea cles Paes are lst 10 Oar {pened operating endorser fo pase il epson ‘Sppendx 1) "The economic ditch obtsne stove doesnot ake into a= cou iets, Arse if ves may Be pes ih {Setter etminton of rertizeoveads sone of the an eps ‘Blues ef eeepc sent mode to be desied tm Oe text 5, DISPATCH ADJUSTMENT “Te dispatch ajstmen mode lows te wer Ye moi the cpsraing concen below apenmpeingemnamie wanscons "The wet ppl si of tnostone Which are cared oUt ne orerspcfed at independent ofeach es, Each estima ‘Sioa parila sspec of the mom operating conton and mest Sesiy ih type of enn he pgm mus follow achive de desired ese. te intone can bean fe allowing pes: 1. Refuce an interface ating 10 a dese fv! by ipementng {raf between wo espa eens (Compas or oo 2. Reduce an insu loading deed evel by redspatching & ‘er peed ae (company or oo. 13. Force the path fel pena gven area (company o poo) fo mest conan apeiies mguromets (eater han. eq © OF lesan specie vate) 4. Resispch an aa 10 minimize te generon cost witout ‘olg any sem opera ins, “Te aim ofthe adjstnen pce bythe above Insists to emule be nerenion of sym opera when he kes ah on {Seto sucle power tents between busses in he areas Spesieg wo ata dered operating els Redipatcing on ara is & urcuar cs of pome wnsfer pote wre both te Sending an ‘Recning Sues aie sme ara While the purpose of nitions ‘Sint ody terial peraing condor 0 eheveiriae over Toad nsucion& used rede corm at whose spac tony hve become enecenomica asa result of previous nsructon All the sdustnents specie ty te ave intact are fommulted st {time of linear poging semen In view of is, the prow {peaks dwn he pobie iotmo steps, ane. (3) Adontty at possible power wansfers which ave the potenti of poving te opening Sonions wo he dsl vale (©) Compute the vale ofeach transfer with he ada inca pro= {gaming row 50 atthe production cos of impnetng fhe trons iin, Dispatch ajsment nsmscons which gues nloaing of terse to speci values maybe urease. When ths stuaon = ‘Sou te progam wl anempt ana he iucace ote Towest pos ‘She waue hi aceompsted by performing two sutseqce ear ‘ptimiatone with he folowing caren 1. Subsite de agin objective Fntion by ta of te fw ex Stn ofthe mera to be tnoadcd" Solve te ew pele ‘ing the se remaringcoctuinsa in the oral prose, ‘btn the miu fsb lnding or the dose race. ote tat ti dpa segue fo obtain dus ttre loading Thay not be ungue and coer hie soluson my nat epee "he ost eazmicl dispatch 2. Sabu the minimum feasle ner loading on the inesace ati ad save he ong pose. Aease sla il ‘ow te cai she dsplch wl be he mos economic “Te pri acl with he fmplemenaon of MW taster grossa el per arben nce pes) Isgivenby ites) “By ® she avrage crema ie co abs foe ue per funcaion representing profit-sharing smangement between Sa ns pg pom fp fon to relate power of pe 5) pests te pce puidby jot ‘mp funtion represent the arangeent bexween uses andj forshanngwheting charges, The Whecing chaps a he ‘huge psd buyer or slr or bath rd pore power isto betransered tough be it pays spem PF spr ized by bs when MW of power of te 8 sold fom bas fo place 1 MEW 0 power tip + re eters sanding for ul pes = amount of whecing charges pid ty buses Vand J when thay exchange TMM of mer Note tain ener sn eons wil be incu dung 2 isp eject. Ths wl happen since the syiem wl gencaly ‘vate om te economically opumur cone ined ring tht ‘Tua scone tape Thtetoefhe vale of Por dspatn os ‘het nee wil ually be ep. paral the dren {Ske pace wit one company ely he furcion fy wi be = to 0 DMandmiing the pois 0 minimising eno ess) wil ensure ‘tart mos eomamie npc aed ‘Once te dented nse: ae Meld, the objective fnction be optimaon proves pen Movie 2= 2, E45 E TEMG YE Sy iat wheeTY} = the vibe rprseting power of ype purchased frm Bey bustle te power of pes = compensating cunts for pase sie p (eer 6 the > Fab anertepesemten in Aen 5 = small neguive umber sseciaed with the phase ‘Hier corpesating cuentas sal cost esas thar pase shite angle setings wil not be modiied17 AB = sletedsts of sing an buying buses, spectively, ‘Te objective i subject the consti described belo. SA Reserve Contains ‘The power produced by aunts) of es gro ransered from bus | canot exceed the reserve of geeration of at cos grup a Oat tus peal posse replcemencs of is genern fr ee sss, whats EOE Wer sD Eh o jens Ri Were RY = reserve of fuel type rat bus (his i a feece between ‘Nall gncraion and ata pat, 52 Dispatch Constraints ‘The power gone by 8 wis of cost group 8a bas jn rot be spate by more tani dispatch ta rE Tso kat whereDS = _disptchof fel ype sat bs. 53 Dispatch Control Enforcement Constraints 1 ul eypeaispte conta hasten enforced om given aca (fet instseton type al wanscions which can afer Us conta ‘hi ave tbe constane, at cE SENSE Ets BO fecs jk tice fortes than or ua enforcemens HDs EET vec} EEE Tem © kine for pater tanor eal enforces EEE. 5 LETS eo kes jk vec forequuly enforcement where = spect fue rype dispatch ale tobe enero in aea © Dé= fel ype dispatch value in ara C prior o dispatch jus: 4 Interface Fow Limit Constraints ‘The imerace Now init consis se 2 flows, PW Hy EE Ty + EMBL, + FcrM® a Anrep ee focailn' whore 0% MAX. minimum and maximum low os for imertce yy (or pase shies pV andj dnote dhe emia ‘uses ow chang in infae m dco ant ijection at ina flow in nerfse m Re 1 the diatenagjannet refers to a interface along in ssrction the contain stove Becomes an egy forthe inerace ‘ng unloaded ths case the ow kms fo that ere wil coe ‘apd 1 the desc sterace losing It thre ae veroads her than he one boing unloaded by the curentrtutinn, erase ims wal be siegardd This i necessary beans the program wil only Selec, fo each instruction those arses which wil ep each the Jetve speci by the mtucuon These nsf may nx necesanly flo ober ners Consoqunly fal iterae int comers sweet be considered the lpn programming routine would be wal, ‘nmos cases afin esd soem ‘SS Block Loaded Phase Shier Contains I onder foe selected pase shies 10 mainain tie Nock oa ylus the Toowing costs wil sy CMSEMAEME EE TY = OAR w peetmAces ies where, =o vale wo which te passer is blockaded Passe shifters which ae Homing wil ve tse compensa tng eurents pedtemined feore te liner oplimrson poser “Te vale of te compensating curent wll fe given by. & » he0, = the frovon angle et bythe user XL phase iterate 4 Minium an maximum angle const are nt conser for book aud phase she. -As areal, the angles on Nock Ted pase shies nay fall ouside heir rated ales Is station cus The weer sil te wars nd adie to rvs he sting for he phase shies in qucsion 56 DC TieConsraints ‘The model conser the representation ofa sngle company ex etusivelycometed to Te network va DC es Although the curent ‘ods only allows ths ara ol, ean te easy modified wo permit Tracts inom decors. The DC ues are modelo by trata, ‘fii generaos a the eciving end of he DC tes. Each receiving bus the stor wil be ached fos many aia Een: Ss hee re fot pes inthe DC te comet ea Each DC te wil Tit he warsacns emanaing fom the DC Ue comet rea ia the following mame: BEL Ty $ DGqi mel ..NDC a0 ves whore jg = reciving netwak bs of DC em capaci ofde ue = mbes of DC tes | consrant must also be induced to consider the ere of each fue ype nthe DC Ue concted are noc BIE ETE) vps ay arma ap alme z : ED GAL RL LT) se ag a mld nqveily. AL the erising commie Gupte meds 6, SU Khan nd SI Lex, "Eamon of Power elng Besets Sig py sony i yo pme ae Se eee aaa eerinceeca eee tach gomton gly afte cane! tng open ma belie ola ran on Poe Inives the benefit 10 the ene sytem studied. kn reaity, each comp ‘® ee Ast snc neo ov oa! con ena pion of ele Sm sacha ort mee PMS! 7, KW Day an FL, Mt, hn Al of Ex oe TOAST An alemaive wo the Dispatch Adjusts spied inthis pro Broker Spon EEE Trmecionon Fowe para tram wel te copys Bol ison cue Weed 2 oy eee Eeneration globally an ep 8. NS. Rau, C. Necsulescu, K.F. Schenk and RB, Misra, A Method in tr fom the nial patch THs a a to Evaluate Enoomie Benefits in Inerconnecied Systems TEE Sued excel bye ars an as been sanded a oof we Eras Ean Dee tenon Syms EEE the imsctve ve eeton, bem kw fund at ene op Frac ot one Ae poh presacral na 9. AM. adamin,1F emmy, AL, Dest an Li. Gane.“ Xe fer Ars Tennison Prodicon Coning Sel REFERENCES: tion,” /EEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol 1. R.Tuvey and D. Andemon, Elecricity Economics, World Bank, eee a te Nl Lee eee Ue Sonn pins ese 77 VO LL. Ganer,GA. fon 14. Meemot, an RM. Sige J 2 ME ELHawary and GS. Chrisensen, Optimal Econom Oper Hon of Bec Power Sytem, Acai Pes, New Yor, NY, 1998, 5. MS. Mirsky and MU Huggins, “Optimal Energy Taascons in Invercnnestedleceie Stems,” IEEE Trantor on Powe? Apparansand Sem, Wak PAS: 101, NOT, pp 29843003, No- ‘ember 18S 4 RF, Woo, “Maximize the Savings fom Poon Wont, December 1983 9p 39-81. sine 5. JE. Adc, ILM. Happ and JF Lever. “Muli-Area Disp, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparans and Systems, Vol. PAS. 90, No.6 pp 2601-2670, NovemberDeceabe 197, "The Modeling of Tatsmision Limits in Prodction Sima ton” presented at Amencan Power Conference. #6 Meting Chicago, Ap 24-26, 1988 G4, Anders and EA. Gunn, “A Dual teal Programming AP- proach wo Power System Relatiy Evaluation," HEEE Tranae Hon on Power Apparatus and Stet. VoL PAS:100, NO 668-1673, Ape 198 APPENDIX 1 PHASE SHIFTER REPRESENTATION Phase shifter modeling for DC lad flow purposes wil be si Tuseate in Figure Ai Figure Al: Pe Shier Mods! “Tepe site fow willbe given by RAR Ket h wer R fase sler ow duet all injects in nerwork tide the pase ster (Le, generation, oad an ‘ti passer compensating cure) = campenaing iret mse desi pring =e R= Ob A flow ug as sie enon Tecan be ven fom he presentation decid above tht canpenasing cura ca ay be computed Ua wil site any of {he flowing pase shite operaing cones: 1 Blooded operation 2 Regulating meraceDows 3. relowing operation For conion 1 the conperatingcurent wl te celts 9 ta te pester Mow ste vale specie by he user Fr con thon 2 the compensating cane wil be cle s0 at he moored Inefce ow lls are espeted with pase shite angle cosas Inthe Trarsacton Opinion module” or coogi 3, the cor Peneaing sunt wil be clots athe pte shir ingle (othe wer specie ale, ‘Coapensung cures for speced opering condors sre ‘leu unin te Intel Economie Dispatch be Disa Ada tment an be Econom Tramacton Optima. Bruce J Parker was tom in Rio de ani, Bron Jy 4,195. He ‘eecved is DA Se, (lectial pice) i 1978 an he MA Se (Giecsel Eapncerag) in 195, tote a the Unversity of Water. ‘Wateoo, ona, Canada In 1975 he was ied a a ising professor by the Unversity of Water Sot wo tcl doen hh Nore of Be ‘sequen Jobed ELETKOSRAS, wee he wold as 3 Paani Enguncer at e Reseurch and Development Oeup of the Bete ‘Tassmission Deparment. {n 1981 be joined te System Pini Division of Ono Hyd where he cue ols the poten of Soperising Engineer = Compute AP. plcadons ithe Sysem Analysts Deputncr Me, Puke i a Repserd Professional Engine inthe Provine of nia His main sea of Inst eompae applies Wo pet stem Sus us extard Denvnger is a Repisered Profesios! Engineer in the Pro vince of Onaro, Cana. eceved his B.A Se and MA Se depees ‘Hom be Univer of Windsrn 190 and 1970 apes Size tar ime be has wore for Onan Hyd. Pressly, a Super Wisin Ener ernncton ine System Paring Dion, Ne Invoted in log vange operation and pling of the neconaected Berardno Porretta rescved a BASE. in EicticalEngncenng in 1966 and a Mitre. n computer Seca In 1970 ram he Univers oro, Ona, Caaf” He joel Ontario join 1988 and tt er snce Been cagaged in wort fo develop compar apeion’ fot ‘olmien of power sjatom lrg anf opening potency, fe heals the Computer Appeatone Secon i fe Stan Png Bisson of Otro Mr, Porta isa Regsered Professional Engine in be Provine of ‘Oniano ana member of IEEE. George J. Anders (M78, SM'84 recived a Mates Degree in lets ‘al Engtcenng om Tech Univesity of Lod in Plan in 197 an ‘Misc Mahenaes an PhD. m Power System Rebably tom the Univers af Torso st 1977 and 1940 Snce 1978 he has een with ‘mare Hydro, aa Syem Design Engees in Trtsiscn De Sign Deparment and cure ata Serr Engineer inte Elec Re Seach Deprunt De Ander so eae pantime ln be Dept of thaustal Engng the Unversity of Toons te sutar ‘of foricaming book so appiston of probsbly methods I power Michal S. Mirsky ("1976 - M1978) mas tom in Troi, Ona, Canada on September 13, 1955. He reve he B.A Se. dep Ineo tle engine fom he Unvemty of Torna in 97S and the Ming dee in ect enpinecing in 98S, He joined Ono lyin 1978 and in. 1979 joined te Generation Resres Planning (GRP) Deparment of he Syiem Paring Divison, In 198 he spem 3 year inthe Tranemision Manning Deparmee and ‘hen reumed to GRP.” Carey, he Is 2 Sorerang Engines nthe "lew Transits Secon ofthe BES Resources Planing Depa ‘nen and i esponible fo tae o forecast or ter les nd a ‘hses of power and energy fram eronneted ies, Mr Minky lea member of te IEEE Power Eien Society and is 2 Registered Professional Engine in he roving of Oni.