Aircraft Lights Regulations and Requirements

LIGHTS:ATA-33 M-11A-14 LEVEL-3 QPREF-1121 Q-40/T-50
1. With aircraft lights -which of the following is true?
A Starboard light red, port light green, tail light Red

B Starboard light red, port light green, tail light White
C Starboard light green, port light red, tail light white
D Starboard light whit, port light red, tail light green
2. Emergency floor lighting system is inoperative, then
A the aircraft is allowed to fly empty to a main base

B the aircraft is not allowed to fly until repaired
C the aircraft is allowed to fly in daylight conditions only
D the aircraft is not allowed to fly in daylight conditions
3. A white light must be
A of five candela showing from starboard side through an angle of 110 degrees in
the horizontal plain
B of at least three candela showing through an angle of 110 degrees from dead
astern in the horizontal plain
C of at least three candela showing through 70 degrees from dead astern to each
side in the horizontal plain
D of five candela showing from starboard side through an angle of 70 degrees in the
horizontal plain
4. Battery is switched off in flight the
A battery is disconnected from bus

B generator voltage falls to zero
C captain's instruments will be powered from the standby bus
D captain's instruments will be powered from the main bus
5. What is the arc of a landing light is
A 11 degrees
B 15 degrees
C 20 degrees
D 35 degrees
6. The visible angle of a white tail navigation light is
A 11 degrees
B 110 degrees
C 140 degrees
D 70 degrees
7. Wing navigation lights must be visible from which angle?
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A 110 degrees
B 180 degrees
C 125 degrees
D 70 degrees
8. Cockpit dome lighting is provided by the
A Standby bus
B battery bus
C battery bus and ground services bus
D ground services bus
9. What will happen if the Master Dim and test switch is switched to the on position?
A All lights will illuminate
B Dome lights will illuminate
C Indicator light illuminates
D Rectangular indicator lights will illuminate
10. Escape route lighting must not have more than
A 10% obscured
B 15% obscured
C 20% obscured
D 25% obscured
11. How many emergency lights are allowed to be inoperative?
A None
B 5%
C 10%
D 25%
12. The angle of a runway turnoff light is
A 40
B 50
C 60
D 70
13. Cabin fluorescent lighting circuits are supplied with
A 115 V AC
B 28 V AC
C 28 V DC
D 6 V DC
14. How passenger reading lights are normally tested?
A Each one is switched on individually at passenger panel

B By using a READ LIGHT TEST switch at any passenger panel
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C By using a READ LIGHT TEST switch on the cabin attendant panel

D By using a READ LIGHT TEST switch on the fight deck
15. In what position should the selector switch be for a standby and emergency lighting
system during flight?
A OFF
B Armed
C ON
D Dim
16. The emergency lighting system must be designed so that after any single transverse
vertical separation of the fuselage during crash landing the maximum amount of
emergency lighting that fails is
A 10%
B 15%
C 25%
D 35%
17. What is the output angle of a landing light?
A 11 degrees
B 15 degrees
C 20 degrees
D 25 degrees
18. What percentage of escape path marking lights may be inoperative after any single
transverse separation
A Not more than 50 %

B Not more than 25 %
C Not more than 10 %
D
19. A white navigation light, as viewed in the horizontal plane, will be at least
A 20 candela
B 240 candela
C 50 candela
D 6 candela
20. A fluorescent tube contains
A phosphor coatings, rare gases and mercury vapour

B orange coatings, rare gases and mercury vapour
C iodine coatings and rare gases
D Xenon and mercury vapour
21. A white steady light is required
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A of at least 3 candelas, at the rear of the aircraft 110 degrees either side of dead
astern
B of at least 3 lumens, at the rear of the aircraft 110 degrees either side of dead
astern
C of at least 3 candelas, at the rear of the aircraft 70 degrees either side of dead
astern
D of at least 3 candelas, at the rear of the aircraft 140 degrees either side of dead
astern
22. Cargo bay lights on a modern aircraft are supplied by
A AC handling bus
B DC handling bus
C the battery bus
D Emergency bus
23. Escape route lighting must not have more than
A 20% obscured
B 15% obscured
C 10% obscured
D 05% obscured
24. How many emergency lights are allowed to be inoperative?
A None
B 25%
C 15%
D 10%
25. The angle of a runway turnoff light is
A 60
B 40
C 50
D 11
26. The emergency lighting system must be designed so that after any single transverse
vertical separation of the fuselage during crash landing the maximum amount of
emergency lighting that fails is
A 25%
B 10%
C 15%
D 05%
27. A rotating beacon must have a minimum light rating of
A 50 candelas
B 100 candelas
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C 3 candelas
D 20 candelas
28. Service lights include
A avionics bay lights, engine scanning lights, baggage compartment lights

B baggage compartment lights, avionics bay lights, refuelling lights
C refuelling lights, engine scanning lights, logo lights
D refuelling lights, logo lights, baggage compartment lights
29. If the 'blow-back' device on a landing lamp operates, how is it reset?
A The linkage must be repositioned and latched when the aircraft is on the ground.
B It cannot. The unit must be replaced because of the high stress loads experienced
C Select full 'RETRACT'
D It can be repaired and done only on ground.
30. Before touching or disconnecting a strobe light head, a time period must elapse to
avoid electrical shock or burning. That time period is at least
A 5 minutes
B 1 minute
C 2 minutes
D 4 minutes
31. The rear light of an aircraft must be white and, in addition, must show through an
inclusive angle of
A 140 degrees and be 3 candelas minimum

B 110 degrees and be 5 candelas minimum
C 110 degrees and be 40 candelas minimum
D 70 degrees and be 3 candelas minimum
32. Self-illuminating signs
A require a period of daylight, or intense artificial light to operate

B are self powered and contain phosphor and helium gas
C are instantly seen in dark areas by persons who are not dark adapted
D are self powered and contain tritium and helium gas
33. When an annunciator light is selected to 'DIM', the resistor is in
A series with the light and the transistor is conducting

B parallel with the light and the transistor is not conducting
C series with the light and the transistor is not conducting
D parallel with the light and the transistor is conducting
34. Storm lights are usually fluorescent lights that are switched on
A to reduce the effect of lightning on the pilot's sight
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B because lightning has less effect on fluorescent lamp units

C and the glare-shield lights are automatically dimmed
D During foggey weather
35. Captain and First Officer's 'Dome' lights can be dimmed
A individually
B together
C First Officer's only in emergency mode
D Captains only in emergency mode
36. In the CWS system, the caution light is coloured
A Amber
B Red
C Green
D Blue
37. On a CWS, which has the highest priority?
A Hydraulic pump failure

B Duct overheat
C Fire warning
D Oil pressure
38. What inert gas is used in a typical strobe light?
A Halon
B Freon
C Xenon
D Helium
39. Floor proximity lighting is a mandatory requirement and each light should be spaced
A at 70 inch intervals
B at 65 inch intervals
C at 60 inch intervals
D at 40 inch intervals
40. Tritium Gas is used in a
A self illuminating lights

B strobe light
C landing Light
D Incandicent lamps
41. A strobe light is a light unit that takes form of glass tube filled with which gas and its
light colour is what?
A Neon gas and blue
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B Xenon Gas and blue-white

C Helium gas and white
D Xenon Gas and blue-yellow
42. The aircraft has a partial failure of its emergency lighting system
A continue with reduced passenger load

B ground the aircraft
C ferry flight to main base for rectification
D Partial failure is permitted for full passenger load
43. Navigation lights are supplied by the following circuit:
A Single circuit
B Dual circuit
C Individual circuits
D Common circuits
44. Automatic no smoking sign will illuminate
A when landing gear is down

B below 10,000ft and descending
C unless switched off by the pilot
D When boarding starts.
45. ILS marker beacon lights are
A Blue, amber, white.

B Blue. White, green.
C Green, blue, amber.
D Red, blue, green
46. What must you do to extend and illuminate the landing-taxi light?
A Extend the gear

B Turn on the position lights.
C Turn on the landing light switch.
D a, b, and c are necessary
47. Candela is the unit of which?
A Wavelength.
B Luminous intensity
C Luminous flux.
D Frequency
48. A 1000 W bulb fitted with a reflector illuminates an area of 3 m X 3 m with an

average illumination of 450 lux. If the bulb has and efficiency of 9 lumens / watt the
efficiency of the reflector is
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A 70 %.
B 30 %
C 20 %.
D 45 %
49. What will be the total flux emitted by a source of 60 candle power?
A 754.2 lumens
B 0.001326 lumens.
C 60 lumens
D None of these
Explanation: Total flux = (4 X 3.14 X 60) lumens = 754.2 lumens.
50. In illumination technology total lumens emitted by source / total lumens available
after waste of light is equal to
A waste light factor

B utilization factor
C beam factor
D absorption factor
51. The illumination at a point 5 meters below a lamp in 6 lux. The candle power of the
lamp is
A 30
B 140
C 150
D 200.
52. A 200 candle power lamp is hung 4 m above the centre of circular area of 5 m
diameter. The illumination at centre of the area is
A 13.5 lux.
B 12.5 lux.
C 17.5 lux.
D 18.5 lux
53. Illumination can be expressed in
A radians
B lux
C Lumens.
D candela
54. Total flux or lumens required in any lighting scheme depends inversely on
A Utilization factor.
B Reduction factor.
C Reflection factor.
D None of the above.
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55. Unit of luminous flux is
A Lux.
B Steradians.
C Candela.
D lumens
56. Which of the following statement is correct?
A Light consists of electromagnetic waves

B Light consists of ultraviolet waves
C Light consists of infrared waves
D Light consists of gamma rays
57. Luminous efficiency of a fluorescence lamp is
A 70 lumens / watt.
B 60 lumens / watt.
C 40 lumens / watt.
D 30 lumens / watt.
58. The illumination of the surface varies directly with cosine of the angle between
normal to surface and direction of the inclined light is given by
A Law of square inverse.

B Lambar cosine law.
C Both A and B.
D None of the above.
59. ___________________________ factor is defined as the ratio of the illumination

when everything is clean to illumination under normal working conditions.
A Depreciation
B Maintenance
C Utilization
D Absorption factor
60. Failure of the A.C. transfer bus NO.2 will
A Automatically turn on the emergency instrument flood lights

B Automatically turn off the emergency instrument flood lights
C Have no effect on the emergency instrument flood lights
D None
61. With the POSITION light switch in the ON BAT position and the AC buses not
powered
A The position ( navigation ) lights can not be illuminated

B The position ( navigation ) lights will illuminate with the battery switch selected
OFF
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C The position ( navigation ) lights will illuminate with the battery switch selected
ON
D None
62. With Battery Switch ON and no AC power connected, available cockpit lighting
includes the
A The Dim Entry lights, Dome lights, and Integral instrument lights
B White Dome lights, Standby Compass light.
C The Dim Entry lights and Instrument Floods.
D None
63. Portable EXIT lights are
A Above both overwing exits.

B Not fitted on the B737 aircraft
C Above both overwing exits and flight deck door
D None on the above
64. Placing the Lights Test Switch to the TEST position
A Inhibits the master caution recall system

B Illuminates all amber caution lights only.
C Illuminates all cockpit lighting and warning lights
D None
65. Failure of one main A.C. bus causes
A A partial loss of cockpit and passenger lighting

B All cabin lights to extinguish
C No effect on the cockpit or passenger lighting
D All exterior lights and interior lights go off
66. When ARMED, the emergency exit lights will automatically come on
A When the aircraft reaches a preset G-load limit

B If electrical power to DC bus 1 fails or AC power is turned off
C Upon contact with water
D None
67. With Ground Power plugged in and the battery switch OFF, the Dim Entry Lights are
powered
A Only when A.C. power is connected

B By an electrical supply from the hot battery bus.
C By the internal batteries of the emergency lighting
D None
68. The emergency exit lights and signs are powered
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A From separate emergency power supplies installed in the passenger cabin

B From the hot battery bus.
C From the battery bus.
D From AC bus
69. To convert footcandles to lux, multiply footcandles by
A 1.76
B 10.67
C 1.67
D 10.76
70. Luminance of light is
A Also called Brightness

B Human eye does not see illuminance; it sees luminance.
C The amount of light delivered into the space and the reflectance of the surfaces in
the space affects your ability to see.
D All the bove
71. Lux is the metric unit for illuminance, measured in
A watt
B candelas
C lumens per square meter
D limens
72. _________is commonly called light output and is measured in lumens (lm).
A Luminous intensity
B Luminous flux
C brightness
D Illuminance
73. Illuminance is called light level and is measured in
A Footcandles (fc)
B candelas/m2
C Footlambert s (fL
D Lumens (lm)
74. Luminance is referred to as brightness and is measured in
A Footlamberts (fL) or candelas/m2 (cd/m2).

B Footcandles (fc)
C candelas/m2
D Lumens (lm)
75. Incandescent lamps are the least energy-efficient electric light source and have a
relatively short life, in which
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A Light is produced by passing a current through a tungsten filament, causing it to

become hot and glow.
B The tungsten slowly evaporates with use, and eventually causing the filament to
break.
C Bith A and B
D "warm" color light source actually has a lower color temperature
76. The efficacy of a lamp refers to
A the number of lumens leaving the lamp

B the number of lumens leaving the lamp multiplied by the number of watts
required by the lamp (and ballast)
C number of watts required by the lamp
D the number of lumens leaving the lamp compared to the number of watts required
by the lamp (and ballast)
77. Fluorescent lamps are
A relatively high efficacy

B Known for their diffuse light distribution characteristics
C long operating life
D All the above
78. Fluorescent lamps provide light by the which of the following process
A An electric discharge (current) is maintained between the electrodes through the

mercury vapor and inert gas.
B This current excites the mercury atoms, causing them to emit non-
visible ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
C This UV radiation is converted into visible light by the phosphors lining the tube
D As in A and B followed by C
79 All exterior lights should be illuminated when
A crossing a runway
B entering the taxi way
C Starting the engine
D Towing airplane
80. Aircraft landing lights should be ON to enhance aircraft identification
A During takeoff and landings

B In congested helicopter or fixed wing traffic areas
C During reduced visibility or anytime safety could be enhanced
D All the above
81. The term Landing and Taxi lamp also covers such equipment as
A Position and anti collition lights
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B Beacon and rotating lights

C flare-out lights and runway turn-off lights
D Transformers and rectifiers
82. The Boeing 737 aircraft has a total of
A 3 landing lights
B 4 landing lights
C Out of which 2 are the fixed and 2 are the retractable
D As in B and C
83. Runway turn-off lights are
A aimed ahead and to the side of the aircraft

B to illuminate taxiway turnoffs
C AS in A and B
D Used during flight upto 10000 ft.
84. The light that works on the principle of a capacitor-discharge flash tube
A strobe light
B Warning light
C Instrument panel light
D Dome light
85 The applications of aircraft lights can be broadly grouped into
A Internal and external

B Warning and indication, position/navigation, inspection and emergency
C Flight compartment, passenger cabin, exterior and servicing (cargo and
equipment bays).
D Main, standby and emergency
86. There are many types of lighting technologies used on aircraft. Lights are controlled
by
A on/off switches
B variable resistors
C automatic control circuits
D Any one of the above
87. Incandescence is the radiation of light from an electrical fi lament due to an increase
in its.
A radiation
B temperature
B Illumination
D brightness
88. Electro-luminescence is a combined optical and electrical phenomenon that causes
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A UV light to be emitted
B IR light to be emitted
C Gamma rays to be emitted
D visible light to be emitted
89. Electro-luminescence is the effect of recombining electrons and holes in a
A Light -emitting diode (LED) or phosphor material.

B Diode and phosphor material
C Copper conductor
D Transistor or phosphor material
90. Statement 1: Electro-luminescence can be achieved with electron flow through a

semi-conductor material, or by a strong electric field applied across a phosphor
material.
Statement 2: The electron flow through an electrical filament creates a voltage drop
that heats the filament to a temperature where radiation is emitted in the visible
spectrum.
A Only 1 is correct
B Only 2 is correct
C Both are correct
D None is correct
91. Statement 1: Electro-luminescence can be achieved with electron flow through a

semi-conductor material
Statement 2: Electro-luminescence can be achieved by a strong electric field applied
across a phosphor material.
A 1 is correct the other is partially true

B Both are correct and used in lighting technology
C Both are correct and used in thermionic devices
D 2 is correct the other is partially true
92. To form the p-n junction, in the LED semiconductor, electrons and holes are
separated by
A A doping process
B A film of phosphor
C Ionized gas
D None
93. With the electro-luminescent phosphor display, electrons are imparted with energy by
the impact of high-energy electrons that are accelerated by
A A strong magnetic field

B A strong positive charge
C A strong electro motive force
D A strong electric field
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94. Regarding aircraft lighting technologies used, which is correct
A Incandescence is the radiation of light

B Electro-luminescence is a combined optical and electrical phenomenon
C Fluorescent lamps are sealed quartz or glass envelope/tube filled with xenon gas
D Bith a and b are correct
95. Fluorescent lamps are gas-discharge devices formed from
A A sealed tube of glass that is coated on the inside with phosphor

B As in and the glass tube contains mercury vapour mixed with an inert gas.
C A sealed quartz or glass envelope/tube filled with xenon gas
D As in C and emission of light is initiated by ionizing the xenon gas mixture
96. The lamp that uses a high voltage to energize the mercury vapour; which results in an
ionized gas where the electrons are separated from the nucleus of their atoms that
creats plasma are
A Strobe lights
B Fluorescent lamps
C LED lamps
D Incandescence lamps
97. Mercury vapour mixed with an inert gas is used in
A Strobe lights
B Fluorescent lamps
C LED lamps
D Incandescence lamps
98. Match the following:
LAMPS MATERIAL USED

A Fluorescent i Tungsten
B Electro-luminescence ii Mercury vapour
C Strobe iii Phosphor
D Incandescence iv Gallium phosphide
E light-emitting diode (LED) v Xenon
A A-ii, B-iii, C-v, D-i and E-iv

B A-iii, B-ii, C-v, D-i and E-iv
C A-i, B-iii, C-v, D-ii and E-iv
D A-iv, B-iii, C-v, D-i and E-ii
99. The emission of light is initiated in a strobe light by ionizing the xenon gas mixture
by
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A Applying a high voltage across the electrodes.

B Applying a high current across the electrodes.
C Applying strong electric field
D Applying low voltage across the electrodes.
100. In the flight compartment, Dome lights located on the ceiling provide
A Unidirectional l distribution of light

B Twine directional distribution of light
C Non directional distribution of light
D All of the above
101. Dome lights in flight compartment typically contains an incandescent lamp and is
powered from
A Battery bus only

B The battery or ground services bus
C Ground service bus only
D Independent power source
102. The colour of flight compartment lights is normally white; this
A Reduces the power and heat

B Improves contrast on the instruments
C Reduces eye fatigue.
D All the above
103. Statement 1: Internal instrument lighting is normally from incandescent lamps

integrated within individual instruments; lighting must be shielded from causing any
direct glare to the pilot and must be dimmable.
Statement 2: Flood lighting in the flight compartment from incandescent lamps and/or
fluorescent tubes provides a general illumination of instruments, panels, pedestals etc.
A 1 and 2 are correct

B Only 1 is correct
C Only 2 is correct
D 1 and 2 are wrong
104. Statement 1: External instrument lighting is provided by pillar (or bridge) lights
positioned on the panels for individual instruments.
Statement 2: The light intensity can be dimmed by a simple rheostat device

B Only 1 is correct
C Only 2 is correct
D 1 and 2 are wrong
105. Regarding External instrument lighting provided by pillar (or bridge) lights, which of
the following is correct
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A They are not dimmable by a simple rheostat device

B Each instrument requires electronic control in place of rheostat due to the higher
loads.
C A transistor circuit provides electronic control
D The control circuit uses thermistor and transistor
106. Instrument panels constructed from Perspex with painted surface are engraved with
the identification of switches and controls; this panel is illuminated from
A Inside
B Outside
C Edges
D Outside as well as inside
107. Mark the correct statement
A A diode is required in the warning light circuit to ensure that only the relevant
system light is illuminated.
B A diode is required in the warning light circuit to ensure that the system light is
not illuminated.
C As in B and illuminates master warning light.
D A diode is not required in the warning light circuit to ensure that the system light
is illuminated.
108. Warning lights can be tested by
A a separate test switch

B a centralized master dim and test switch.
C Either by A or by B
D a push button
109. The intensity of warning lights during low ambient lighting conditions can be reduced
by using
A Night/day switch
B Test switch
C A control knob
D All the above
A Instrument lightings are not dimmable

B All warning lights are dimmable
C Certain warning lights are not dimmable, e.g. fire and overheat
D LEDs are not used as warning lights
111. Statement 1: An annunciator panel, also known in some aircraft as the Centralized
Warning Panel (CWP), is a group of lights used as a central indicator of status of
equipment or systems in an aircraft.
Statement 2: Usually, the annunciator panel includes a main warning lamp or audible
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signal to draw the attention of operating personnel to the annunciator panel for
abnormal events or conditions.
A 1 is correct
B 2 is correct
C 1 and 2 are correct
D Both 1 and 2 are wrong
112. Statement 1: Annunciator panels are groupings of annunciator lights that indicate
status of the aircraft's subsystems.
Statement 2: The lights are usually accompanied with a test switch, which when
pressed illuminates all the lights to confirm they are in working order.
Statement 3: More advanced modern aircraft replaces these with the integrated
electronic Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System or Electronic Centralised
Aircraft Monitor

B 1 and 3 are correct
D 1, 2 and 3 are correct
113. Regarding "Master Warning" and "Master Caution" lights/switches, mark the correct
statement
A They flash and an audible alert will accompany them

B They will not stop flashing until they have been acknowledged.
C Warning light usually located elsewhere in the pilots line of sight will also
illuminate,
D All these statements that is A, B and C are correct.
114. Mark the correct statement regarding generation of annunciator in quiet/dark

philosophy
A A Warning should be generated when immediate recognition and corrective or

compensatory action is required.
B A Caution should be generated when immediate crew awareness is required and
subsequent crew action will be required
C If a red annunciation is not addressed, people may die. If an amber annunciation
is not addressed, the aircraft may be damaged
D All these statements are correct
115. Mark the correct statement regarding LEDs
A LED lights by definition are light emitting diodes, and they are the newest in
lighting technology
B LEDs can now provide sufficient brightness to replace incandescent lighting
with 30% power reduction compared with fluorescent lighting.
C LED technology offers higher reliability and reduced maintenance costs
compared to incandescent and fluorescent lights.
D All the above
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116. Cabin signs, e.g. return to seat or no-smoking , are
A normally activated by the flight crew

B on some aircraft the lights are armed by the crew and then activated
automatically.
C As in A and as well as B
D Controlled by cabin crew
117. Why do flight attendants dim the lights for takeoff and landing?
A To reduce light pollution around airports

B Dimming the lights allows your eyes to pre-adjust to darkness
C The emergency path-lighting and signs will also be more visible
D As in B and C
118. Passenger reading lights with LEDs offer a lot of advantages than halogen reading
lights
A Long lifetime and Low power consumption

B Low maintenance effort and High resistance to shock and vibration
C As in A & B Room temperature at touchable parts
D Can be collectively controled from flight deck.
119. The illumination patter of passenger reading light is
A Circular gaussian known as normal distribution

B Circular uniform pattern on a plane orthogonal to beam axis
C Either A or B
D Circular non uniform unidirectional distribution
120 The luminous intensity of an LED passenger reading light is inversly related to its
A Size in millimetres
B Ambient brightness in which it is used
C Power
D Ambient environment temperature and operational usage time
121. Mark the correct statement regarding LED passenger reading light
A It may be stepped or continuously dimmable.

B If dimmable perceived brightness changes should not vary linearly with input
control
C Illuminance distribution should change appreciably over the dimming range
D It shall not be capable of turned off completely
122. Mark the correct statement regarding LED passenger reading light
A It may be stepped or continuously dimmable and it shall be capable of turned off

completely
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B If dimmable perceived brightness changes should vary linearly with input control
C Illuminance distribution should not change appreciably over the dimming range
D All the above
123. To minimise glare the LED passenger reading light should not produce luminous
indensity in excess of
A 3 cd
B 5 cd
C 6 cd
D 10 cd
124. The passenger reading lights in airbus A-320 family aircraft are supplied with
A 115 V AC and transformer converts it to 6V AC

B 28 V DC
C 28 V AC
D 26 V DC
125. Mark the correct statement regarding taxi lights

A Taxi lights improve visibility during ground operations;
B They are directed at higher angle than landing lights
C They are directed at lower angle than landing lights
D As in A and B
126. Mark the correct statement regarding landing lights
A Landing lights are located on the wing tips, or on the front of the fuselage,
usually at fixed angles to illuminate the runway
B They are sealed beam devices with 6001000 W filament lamps; a parabolic
reflector concentrates light into a directional beam.
C The high current requirement is controlled via a relay.
D All these statements are correct
127. Type I lamps shall be clear, colored, or reflective coated incandescent lamps for use at
ambient temperatures up to
A 85C
B 185C
C 65C
D 55C
128. Type II lamps shall be clear, colored, or reflective coated incandescent lamps for use
at ambient temperatures above __________,, or as otherwise specified in the
applicable specification sheet.
A 60C
B 70C
C 75C
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D 85C
129. Regarding operation of incandescent lamps, mark the correct statement
A Unless otherwise specified, lamps shall be operated at the rated voltage specified
in the applicable specification sheet.
B Unless otherwise specified, lamps shall be operated at the rated voltage or more
than the rated voltage
C Voltage tolerance shall be within 0.5 percent of the rated voltage (unless
otherwise specified in the specification sheet).
D Both A and C are correct
130. Referring to the figure diode is required to
A provide dimming
B ensure the correct light is illuminated
C ensure both lights are illuminated
D Connect MW
131. Aircraft anti-collision strobe light Type-I operate with
A 28 V DC
B Single phase 115V AC
C 3 115V Ac
D 3 115V AC 400 Hz.
132. Aircraft anti-collision strobe light Type-II operate with
A 28 V DC
B Single phase 115V AC
C 3 115V Ac
D 3 115V AC 400 Hz.
133. Incandescence is the radiation of light from:

.
A a gas-discharge device
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B A sealed quartz tube

C a combined optical and electrical phenomenon
D an electrical filament due to an increase in its temperature
134. Green or blue lights in the instrument panel indicate:
A a safe condition exists

B an abnormal condition exists
C An emergency condition exists
D an unsafe condition exists
135. Anti-collision lights are used in conjunction with the:
A navigation lights
B wing inspection lights
C master warning lights
D Logo light
136. Emergency Egress Lighting Subassembly (EELS) shall be activated when which of
the following events occur:
A The loss of power or aircraft immersion in water

B As in A or aircraft inversion or crash
C maintenance or post flight power down, including application of external
auxiliary power
D take off and landing, taxi
137. The light element(s), control unit, and mounting hardware of EELS shall withstand
loads occurring in crashes experiencing
A 30g upward, downward, forward, and backward directions and 10g sidewards
B 10g upward, downward, forward, and backward directions and 20g sidewards
C 20g upward, downward, forward, and backward directions and 30g sidewards
D 20g upward, downward, forward, and backward directions and 10g sidewards
138. The lighting subassembly of EELS shall be subjected
A Fungus test
B Salt fog test
C Vibration test
D All of the above
A Shock test
B Low pressure test
C Humidity test.
D All of the above
22
A High temperature test.

B Low temperature test.
C Environmental tests.
D All of the above
141. The minimum permissible flash rte for anti collision lighting shall be
A 90 flashes per minute

B 80 flashes per minute
C 40 flashes per minute
D 30 flashes per minute
142. Landing lights installed on airbus A320 family aircraft
A 28V AC, 600 WATT, quartz, sealed-beam unit

B 115V AC, 800 WATT, quartz, sealed-beam unit
C 28V DC, 600 WATT, quartz, sealed-beam unit
D 28V AC, 800 WATT, quartz, sealed-beam unit
143. Taxi and take off light in A320 family aircraft go off when
A the nose landing gear is unlocked, the ground signal for the power supply relays is
removed
B switch off the lights with the switch 4LR in the OFF position
C Either A or B
D Engine is shut down
144. Regarding logo lights in A320 family aircraft mark the correct statement
A Separate switch in cockpit

B The logo lights come on with the navigation lights
C The logo lights go off with the navigation lights
D The logo lights come on with the anti collision lights
145. When a pilot is aware that a navigation light has failed,
A ATC is to be informed and the aircraft is to land and have the light repaired
before continuing the flight
B It must be repaired before next flight
C ATC is to be informed and flight can be continued
D It can be repaired after returning to base
A If an anti-collision light fails in flight, the light is to be repaired prior to the next
flight.
B If an anti-collision light fails in flight, the light is to be repaired at base.
C If an anti-collision light fails in flight, the light is to be replaced prior to the next
flight
23
D If an anti-collision light fails in flight, the light is to be replaced at base.
147. In the case of an aircraft other than a helicopter or gyroplane, landing lights consisting
of
A Two single filament lamps

B One dual filament lamp with separately energised filaments.
C Either A or B
D Both A and B
148. All aircraftt with passenger seating capacity of more than ____ must have an
emergency lighting system with a power supply independent of main lighting system
A 19
B 9
C 20
D 7
149. Turn up cockpit lights to highest intensity to
A Warn headon approaching aircraft

B Lessen danger of temporary blindness from lightning
C Lessen danger of temporary brightness from lightning
D Warn other aircraft when approaching head on.
A Wing position lights are located at the center of the tip and are not directly visible
from the cockpit.
B As an indication that the wing tip light is operating, some wing tips are equipped
with a Lucite rod to transmit the light to the leading edge.
C Wing position lights are red, green and white in color and are directly visible
from the cockpit.
D Both A and B are correct
151. It is good airmanship to avoid bright lights about __________ minutes prior to a night
flight
A 10
B 20
C 30
D 40
152. What is the recommended course of action if encountering an electrical storm during
flight?
A Pull the visors down

B Turn the cockpit lights down
C Turn the cockpit lights to full
D Put on sunglasses if available
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153. What is essential for seeing colour?

1. Correct light levels
2. Time to adjust
3. Looking 15 to one side of the object
4. No white lights
A 1 only
B 1 & 2 only
C 1, 2 and 4 only
D 3 only
154. When being affected by the Flicker Effect, the pilot should:
A Turn off the strobe lights

B Dim the cockpit lights
C Switch the autopilot on.
D Fly straight and level and avoiding the turning of the head
155. The navigation lights are positioned on the aeroplane to indicate to another air user
A The position that the airplane is in air

B The distance that the airplane is moving
C The speed that the airplane is moving
D The direction that the aeroplane is heading.
156. The majority of aeroplanes now flying, have navigation lights that show
A a steady light at all times

B A flashing light at all times
C A white light at all times
D A dim light at all times
A The majority of aeroplanes now flying, have navigation lights that show a steady
light at all times.
B Older aircraft may have lights which alternate on/off together
C Some others older aircraft may have lights which alternate on/off independently.
D All the above are correct
158. Which of the following is true regarding navigational lights
A Vertically, the port and starboard lights show through 180

B Port and starboard light show horizontally through 360.
C The tail light is visible through 360.
D Both A and C
159. Anti-collision lights may be of
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A the rotating beacon type or

B the high intensity strobe discharge type (Flacon beacon).
C Sealed beam type
D Either A or B
160. The mirrors in anti collision lights rotate in an arc, and the resulting flash rate is
between
A 40 and 100 cycles per minute

B 45 and 100 cycles per minute
C 90 and 100 cycles per minute
D 80 and 100 cycles per minute
161. An electric motor, installed in an anti collision lighting system is used to rotate
A Light assembly
B Mirror in an arc
C Light assembly and mirrors in an arc
D Light assembly or mirrors in an arc
162. Mark the correct statement regarding anti collision lights
A Anti collision lights mounted at wing tips are white in color

B As in A and are strobe lights
C Anti collision lights mounted at wing tips are red in color
D As in C and are rotating beacon lights
163. Mark the correct statement regarding anti collision lights
A Anti collision lights mounted at wing tips are white in color

B Anti collision lights are not mounted on vertical stabilizer.
C Anti collision lights mounted on top and bottom of aircraft are red beacon lights
164. Mark the correct statement regarding position lights
A A flasher unit is seldom included in the position light circuitry of very light
aircraft
B Traditional position lights use LED light bulbs.
C Many position light circuits include flashing and dimming equipment.
165. Newer modern aircraft uses LED lights for

1. Position lights
2. Anti collision lights
A 1 only
B 1 and 2
C 2 only
D Neither 1 nor 2
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166. Mark the correct statement regarding LEDs
A When the diode is reversed biased, no light is given off.

B When the diode is forward biased, the energy given off is visible in the color
characteristic for the material being used.
C When the diode is forward biased, no light is given off.
D Both A and B
167. Lights on the exterior provide illumination for such operations as

1. landing at night
2. inspection of icing conditions
3. Safety from midair collision.
4. illumination for instruments
5. cockpits, cabins, illuminations
A All from 1 to 5
B Only 1, 2 and 3
C Only 1, 2 and 4
D Only 1 and 2
168. Certain special ights, such as indicator and warning lights
A Illuminates the cockpit instruments

B Indicates normal operation of equipments
C Indicate the operational status of equipment.
D Illuminates flight deck
167. For aircraft operation, which of the requirement is to be fulfilled?

1. position lights and anti-collision lights, are required for night operations
2. position lights required for day and anti-collision lights required for night
operations
3. position lights required for night and anti-collision lights required for day and
night operations.
A Only 3
B Only 2
C Only 1
D None
168. The wingtip lamps and the tail lamps are controlled by a
A double-pole, single-throw switch in the pilot's compartment

B double-pole, single-throw switch in the front cabin compartment
C double-pole, single-throw switch in the rear cabin compartment
D double-pole, single-throw switch in the pilots as well ast cabin compartment
169. The position lights are controlled from cockpit by
A Double-pole, single-Throw (DPST) switch
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B Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) Switch

C Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) Switch
D None
170. The position lights are controlled from cockpit by
A A single on-off toggle switch which provides only a steady illumination

B A switch in the pilot's compartment which provides for steady or flashing
operation with another ON/OFF switch.
C Either by A or by B
D Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) Switch
171. Each position light unit consists of
A A single lamp mounted on the surface of the aircraft

B Three lamps
C Two lamps,and are often streamlined into the surface of the aircraft structure
D Either A or B
172. Regarding the position light circuit, which is true
A On "dim", the switch connects a resistor in series with the lamps and on "bright",
the resistor is shorted out of the circuit
B On "dim", the switch connects a resistor in parallel with the lamps and on
"bright", the resistor is shorted out of the circuit
C On "dim", the switch shorts out a resistor with the lamps and on "bright", the
resistor is connected to the circuit in series
D On "dim", the switch shorts out a resistor with the lamps and on "bright", the
resistor is connected to the circuit in parallel
173. Many small aircraft that are not equipped with any type of taxi light, taxiing at night
is performed by
A The intermittent use of a landing light to illuminate for taxiing operations

B The use of landing/take off lights
C A dimming resistor in the landing light circuit to provide reduced illumination for
taxing.
D Either A or B
174. 1. Wing Inspection Lights permit visual detection of ice formation on wing leading
edges while flying at night.
2. They are also often used as floodlights during ground servicing.
3. They are usually controlled through a relay by an "on-off" toggle switch in the
cockpit
A Statement 1 and 3 are correct but 2 is false

B Statement 1 and 2 are correct but 3 is false
C Statement 2 and 3 are correct but 1 is false
D Statement 1 , 2 and 3 are correct
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175. Inspection of an aircraft's lighting systems normally includes

1. Checking the condition and security of all visible wiring, connections,
terminals, fuses, and switches.
2. A continuity light or meter cannot be used for testing circuits for continuity.
3. The ohmmeter is useful for checking continuity, and zero reading on the
ohmmeter indicates open circuit.
A Only 1 is correct
B Only 2 is correct
C Only 3 is correct
D All are correct
176. Inspection of an aircraft's lighting systems normally includes

1. Checking the condition and security of all visible wiring, connections,
terminals, fuses, and switches.
2. A continuity light or meter can be used for testing circuits for continuity.
3. The ohmmeter is useful for checking continuity, and zero reading on the
ohmmeter indicates circuit continuty.
A Only 1 is correct
B Only 2 is correct
C Only 3 is correct
D All are correct
177. The equipment generally used in testing lighting circuits in an aircraft consists of
A a voltmeter, test light, continuity meter, and ohmmeter

B an ammeter, test light, continuity meter, and ohmmeter
C an ammeter, test light, continuity meter, and megger
D an ammeter, test light, conductivity meter, and ohmmeter
178. When using the continuity meter, the circuit being tested should always be isolated
from all other circuits by
A Removing the fuse

B Opening the switch
C Disconnecting the wires
179. Continuity testers used in testing of circuits for continuity vary in types. They may be
A A small lamp connected in series with two small batteries and two leads.
B Two batteries connected in series with a d.c. voltmeter and two test leads. A
completed circuit will be registered by the voltmeter
C Both A and B
D Either A and B
A Landing lights are used during day and night, or in conditions of reduced
29
visibility.
B Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating within 10
miles of an airport.
C Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing lights in areas where flocks of birds
may be expected,
D All these statements are true
181. The ohmmeter, although primarily designed to measure resistance, is useful for
checking continuity. It has
A A battery as a source of voltage

B Fixed resistors, which are of such value that when the test prods are shorted
together, the meter will read full scale
C variable resistor, in parallel with the meter
D All the above
181. The resistors which compensate for changes in voltage of the battery in an ohmmeter
is
A Fixed resistors
B Variable resistor
C Both fixed and variable resistors
D None
182. Zero adjustment on the meter control panel of an ohmmeter is done with
A Fixed resistors
B Variable resistor
C Both fixed and variable resistors
D None
183. Introduction of flashing anti collision beacons lead to
A Re-introduction of flashing navigational lights

B Re-introduction of steady navigational lights
C Discontinuation of flashing navigational lights
D Both B and C
184. Modern commercial passenger aircraft use anti collision lights from which
A Short duration flashes of high intensity light are emitted

B Long duration flashes of high intensity light are emitted
C Short duration flashes of low intensity light are emitted
D Long duration flashes of low intensity light are emitted
185. In some current types of aircraft, the anti collision lights are of
A Strobe type
B Rotating beacon type
C Both A and B are used in combination, the strobe lighting forming supplementary
30
lighting
D Sealed beam capacitor discharge type
186. The rotating beam type anti collision lights consists of
A A filament lamp unit and a motor

B A filament lamp unit and a generator
C A filament lamp unit, reflector and a motor
D A filament lamp unit, reflector and a generator
187. In a rotating beam lights, the motor drives
A Reflector
B Lamp unit
C Either reflector or lamp unit
D None
188. The rotating beam light assembly or beacon is contained within a mounting enclosed
by
A A red metal cover

B A red glass cover
C A green glass cover
D A white glass cover
189. Beacon lights in which beam of light is rotating at constant frequency of

_____________ giving a flash frequency of ____________
A 40-45 rpm and 80-90 Hz/min

B 40-45 rpm and 80-90 Hz/s
C 40-45 Hz/min and 80-90 rpm
D 40-45 Hz/sand 80-90 rpm
190. 1. The anti collision beacon light which employs V-shaped reflector that is rotated at
approximately 45 RPM speed by a motor.
2. One half of the V-shaped reflector is flat and emits beam of light to 30 deg above
and below the horizontal.
3. One half of the V-shaped reflector is curved and emits the narrow high intensity
beam of light near horizontal.
A 1, 2 and 3 are correct

B Only 1 is correct
C Only 2 and 3 are correct
D Only 1 and 2 are correct
191. 1. The anti collision beacon light which employs V-shaped reflector that is rotated at
approximately 45 RPM speed by a motor.
2. One half of the V-shaped reflector is curved and emits beam of light to 30 deg
above and below the horizontal.
3. One half of the V-shaped reflector is flat and emits the narrow high intensity beam
31
of light near horizontal.
A 1, 2 and 3 are correct

B Only 1 is correct
C Only 2 and 3 are correct
D Only 1 and 2 are correct
192. In an anti collision beacon lights
A Reflector revolves at 45 RPM and lamps oscillate through 180 deg.

B Reflector revolves at 45 RPM or lamps oscillate through 180 deg.
C Reflector revolves at 45 RPM and lamps oscillate through 30 deg.
D Reflector revolves at 45 RPM or lamps oscillate through 30 deg.
193. Anti collision strobe lights are powered by
A 28 VDC
B 115 VAC
C 28 VDC or 115 VAC
D 26 VAC
194. Capacitor discharge flash tube principle is used in
A Beacon lights
B Strobe lights
C Warning lights
D Cabin lights
195. The light unit which takes the form of a quarts or glass tube filled with xenon gas is
A Beacon lights
B Strobe lights
C Warning lights
D Cabin lights
196. The power supply unit of a strobe lighting system is made up essentially of
A Capacitor
B Resistor
C Thermistor
D Diode
197. Input and out put voltages of a power supply unit of strobe lighting system are
A 28 VDC or 115 VAC and 450 V

B 28 VDC or 28 VAC and 450 V
C 26 VDC or 115 VAC and 450 V
D 26 VDC or 28 VAC and 450 V
198. What is the correct sequence of the names of the lights numbered as 1, 2, 3 and 4 in
32
the figure given below
A 1) Navigation lights 2) Aft light 3) Anti-collision strobe lights 4) Logo light

B 1) Aft light 2) Navigation lights 3) Logo light 4) Anti-collision strobe lights
C 1) Anti-collision strobe lights 2) Aft light 3) Navigation lights 4) Logo light
D 1) Navigation lights 2) Anti-collision strobe lights 3) Aft light 4) Logo light
199. In civil aviation, pilots must keep navigation lights on
A During day flight

B During all phases of flight
C from sunset to sunrise
D While operating on ground during day time
200. High-intensity white strobe lights as well as the red rotating beacon are part of
A Navigational light system

B Anti-collision light system,
C Position light system
D Warning light system
201. Just before pushback, the pilot must keep the beacon lights on to notify ground crews
that
A The engines are about to start

B The aircraft is about to move
C The brakes are released
D Chocks may be removed
202. Which of these statements are true regarding operation of aircraft light systems
1. Beacon lights stay on for the duration of the flight.

2. While taxiing, the taxi lights are on.
3. When coming onto the runway, the taxi lights go off and the landing lights
and strobes go on.
4. When passing 10,000 feet, the landing lights are no longer required, and the
pilot can elect to turn them off.
33
A 1,2 and 3
B 2,3 and 4
C 1 and 4
D 1,2,3, and 4
203. All aircraft built after 11 March 1996 must have an anti-collision light system (strobe
lights or rotating beacon) turned on
A For all night flying activities

B For all day flying activities
C After starting the engines and turned off before take off.
D For all flight activities in poor visibility
204. The light intensity of the forward navigational lights (left and right), within 0 to 10
deg angle from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead must be
equal of exceedr
A 40 candles
B 30 candles
C 5 candles
D 20 candles
205 The light intensity of the forward navigational lights (left and right), within 10 to 20
equal or exceed
A 40 candles
B 30 candles
C 5 candles
D 20 candles
206 The light intensity of the forward navigational lights (left and right), within 20 to110
equal or exceed
A 40 candles
B 30 candles
C 5 candles
D 20 candles
207. The light intensity of the rear navigational light (white), within 110 to180 deg angle
from right or left of longitudinal axis, measured from dead ahead must be equal or
exceed
A 40 candles
B 30 candles
C 5 candles
D 20 candles
34
208. The field of coverage of anti collision lighting system must extend in each direction
within at least
A 70 degrees above and 70 degrees below the horizontal plane of the airplane
B 30 degrees above and 30 degrees below the horizontal plane of the airplane
C 75 degrees above and 30 degrees below the horizontal plane of the airplane
D 75 degrees above and 75 degrees below the horizontal plane of the airplane
209. The arrangement of the anti collision light system, that is, the number of light sources,
beam width, speed of rotation, and other characteristics, must give an effective flash
frequency of.
A not less than 30, nor more than 110 cycles per minute
B not less than 40, nor more than 110 cycles per minute
C not less than 60, nor more than 120 cycles per minute
D not less than 40, nor more than 100 cycles per minute
210. Each anti collision light must be
A either aviation green or aviation white

B either aviation red or aviation white
C either aviation red or aviation green
D either aviation yellow or aviation white
211. Minimum effective intensities for anti collision lights: Each anti collision light
effective intensity within 0 to 5 deg angle above or below the horizontal plane must
equal or exceed
A 400 candles
B 240 candles
C 80 candles
D 40 candles
212. Minimum effective intensities for anti-collision lights: Each anti-collision light
equal or exceed
A 400 candles
B 240 candles
C 80 candles
D 40 candles
213. Minimum effective intensities for anticollision lights: Each anti-collision light
equal or exceed
A 400 candles
B 240 candles
C 80 candles
D 40 candles
35
equal or exceed
A 400 candles
B 240 candles
C 80 candles
D 40 candles
equal or exceed
A 240 candles
B 80 candles
C 40 candles
D 20 candles
216. Each landing light must be approved, and must be installed so that
A No objectionable glare is visible to the pilot

B The pilot is not adversely affected by halation
C It provides enough light for night landing
D All the above
217. Instrument lights that is provided in an aircraft must be installed so that
A Their direct rays are shielded from the pilot's eyes

B No objectionable reflections are visible to the pilot
C It cannot be dimmable
D Both A and B
218. The emergency lighting system must include:
A Illuminated emergency exit marking and locating signs, sources of general cabin
illumination, interior lighting in emergency exit areas and floor proximity escape
path marking.
B Exterior emergency lighting
C Emergency exit signs
D All the above
219. For airplanes that have a passenger seating configuration, excluding pilot seats, of 10
seats or more must meet the following requirements:
1. Each passenger emergency exit locator sign and each passenger emergency
exit marking sign must have red letters at least 112 inches high on an
illuminated white background.
2. They must have an area of at least 21 square inches excluding the letters.
3. The lighted background-to-letter contrast must be at least 10:1.
4. The letter height to stroke-width ratio may not be more than 7:1 nor less than
6:1.
36
5. These signs must be internally electrically illuminated with a background

brightness of at least 25 foot-lamberts and a high-to-low background contrast
no greater than 3:1.
A 1,2 and 5
B 1 and 5
C 1, 3 and 5
D 1,2,3,4, and 5
220. Match the following
LIGHTS TYPES
1 Landing lights A Two filament lamps mounted in tandem
2 Strobe lights B Sealed beam type with parabolic reflector
3 Anti collision C Sealed beam type with 60-250W
lights
4 Wing scan lights D Quarts or glass tube filled with xenon
5 Servicing lights E Explosion proof dome or bulkhead type
with conveniently located control switch
A 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C and 5-E

B 1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C and 5-E
C 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B and 5-E
D 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-C and 5-E
221. Landing lamps are mounted on
A Wing leading edges

B Front fuselage section
C Nose landing gear
222. Landing lights can be of
A Fixed type
B Retractable type
C Movable type
D Both A and B
223. Taxi lamps are mounted on
A Wing leading edges

B Front fuselage section
C Nose landing gear
224. 1. The power rating of taxi lamp is normally higher than that of landing lamps,
typically 250W.
2. Power supply is either AC or DC
37
3. The function of taxi lamp is combined with landing lamp in some designs.
A 1,2 and 3 are correct

B 2 and 3 are correct
D Only 3 is correct
225. In combined landing and taxi lamp installation, that consists of two filaments, one
600W and other 400W
A Both filaments provide illumination for taxiing

B both filaments provide illumination for landing
C 600 W filament is used for taxiing
D 400 W filament is used for landing
226. Ice inspection lamps or wing scan lamps as they are sometimes called, are fitted to
transport aircraft to allow for
A The visual inspection of wing leading edges for formation of ice

B The visual inspection of wing leading edges and air intakes of turbine engines for
formation of ice
C The visual inspection of wing leading edges for formation of ice during day
D The visual inspection of wing leading edges and air intakes of turbine engines for
formation of ice during day
227. Service lights are fitted to some aircraft to provide general illumination for routine
inspection and servicing in such areas as
1. Wheel wells
2. Air-conditioning compartments
3. Tail cone
4. APU compartments
5. Electrical/electronic equipment centres
6. Fuelling panels
A Only 6 is correct and used for refuelling of aircraft at night

B Only 1 is correct and used during tyre inspection at night
C 2, 3, 4 and 5 are not correct as there is no inspection at night
D All 1 to 6 are correct and are used at night
228. Exterior emergency lighting is normally provided by
A White incandescent lights at each over wing/non over wing emergency exit
B White incandescent lamp at each under wing
C Narrow beam halogen lights
D High intensity strobe lights
229. In case of cabin decompression, the passenger compartment lighting automatically

switches to
38
A Half brightness 50%

B Full brightness 100%
C 10 % of full brightness
D Off position
230. Emergency exit light switch on overhead panel controls the emergency lighting
system which has three position namely
A OFF, ARMED and ON

B DIM, BRIGHT and TEST
C OFF, NORMAL and ON
D DIM 1, DIM 2 and FULL BRIGHT
231. When Emergency exit light switch set to OFF position, which of the following events
occurs
A EMER EXIT LT OFF annunciator light comes ON

B The batteries are no longer charged
C As in A and B
D None
232. The captains and first officers reading light contain
A Potentiometer for brightness control

B Slider for beam control
C As in A and B
D Capacitor for intensity control
233. The cockpit ANN LT switch is mainly used to
A Test the lights

B Dim the light
C Test and dim the lights at night
D Test the lights and dim the lights at night
234. An LED indicator emits light in response to
A a small current typically around 20mA (but sometimes much less)

B As in A and at a voltage lower than 5VDC
C a small current typically around 20A (but sometimes much less)
D As in C and at a voltage lower than 5VDC
235. An LED indicator is usually molded from epoxy or silicone that may be
A colorless and transparent (often referred to as water clear)

B colorless but translucent
C tinted and transparent, or tinted and translucent
236. The color of the LED light is initially determined by the
39
A Anode terminal
B chemical compounds used internally, and by their dopants
C Cathode terminal
D Value of current and voltage supplied
237. A water-clear LED
A may emit colored light

B Cannot emit colored light
C May emit gamma rays
D Cannot emit UV light
238. Statement 1: Ultraviolet LEDs are usually water-clear.

Statement 2: Infrared LEDs often appear to be black, because they are opaque to the
visible spectrum while being transparent to infrared.
A 1 is correct and 2 is wrong

B 1 is wrong and 2 is correct
C Both are correct
D Both are wrong
239. Statement 1 : The LED is cylindrical with a hemispherical top that acts as a lens.
Statement 2 : The leads are relatively thick, to conduct heat away from the
component.

C Both are correct
D Both are wrong
240. Statement 1 : The longer wire connects with the anode, while the shorter wire
connects with the cathode.
Statement 2 : The longer wire connects with the cathode, while the shorter wire
connects with the anode.

C Both are correct
D Both are wrong
241. With respect to figure given below:

The triangle at the center of each symbol
points in the direction of
A Conventional (positive-to-negative) electron flowfrom the cathode to the

anode.
40
B Conventional (positive-to-negative) current flowfrom the anode to the cathode.

C Conventional (positive-to-negative) current flowfrom the cathode.to the anode
D Conventional (positive-to-negative) electron flowfrom the anode to the
cathode.
242. With respect to figure given in Q no. 241 mark the correct statement
.
A Each pair of arrows radiating away from the diode indicates emitted light
B Wavy arrows are sometimes used to represent infrared (thermal) radiation.
C Each pair of arrows radiating away from the diode indicates emitted electrons
D Both A and B are correct
243. An infrared LED is represented by the symbol of
A Diode with pair of arrows

B Diode with the wavy arrows
C With black triangle and pair of arrows
D With hollow triangle and pair of arrows
244. Most white LEDs are actually blue LEDs with a

A colored polythene layer added
B colored phosphor layer added
C colored film layer added
D colored plastic layer added
245. The light intensity of an LED is usually expressed in
A millicandelas
B candelas
C lumen
D lux
246. LEDs are commonly dimmed by
A Controlling the current passing through it.

B Controlling the voltage passing through it.
C Using pulse-width modulation
D Using a resistor in series
247. While choosing a LED indicator, which of the parameter values are important
A wavelength of emitted light and luminous intensity

B maximum forward voltage and current, maximum reverse voltage and current
C working values for voltage and current
D All the above
248. A LED indicator with Red color requires
A the least forward current

B the lowest forward voltage
41
C the least forward current as well as the lowest forward voltage

D the least forward current as well as the maximum forward voltage
249. Green LEDs are likely to have relatively
A High mcd rating

B Low Life expectancy
C Least forward current
D Lowest forward voltage
250. Safe operation of an LED entails limiting the _______________ if the temperature
increases
A forward voltage
B forward current
C Reverse current
D Reverse voltage
251. The most common view angles for LED indicators are
A 10 degrees and 20 degrees

B 20 degrees and 30 degrees
C 30 degrees and 60 degrees
D 40 degrees and 80 degrees
252. The graph included in datasheet of an LED indicator (ambient temperature vs forward
current in mA) is called as
A Temperature curve
B Current limi curve
C Derating curve
D Spatial distribution graph
253. The relative intensity of the LED light when viewed at various angles from the axis of
the LED are shown in
A Spatial distribution graph

B Temperature curve
C Current limi curve
D Derating curve
254. If a round LED has a flange around its base, a flat spot in the flange will be closest to
A the cathode side of the component

B the anode side of the component
C the forward side of the component
D the positive side of the component
255. The polarity of an LED is identified by
42
A The larger end inside the led is -ve and the shorter one is +ve
B the longer leg which is the Anode
C the "bent" leg which is the Anode
D Any of the above
256. The electrical behaviour of an LED is quite different from a lamp and it must be
protected from passing excessive current, usually this is achieved by connecting
A a resistor in parallel with the LED

B a resistor in series with the LED
C a resistor in series or parallel with the LED
D a resistor in with the LED
257. Statement 1: A bi-colour LED has two LEDs wired in 'inverse parallel' (one forwards,
one backwards) combined in one package with two leads.
Statement 2 : Only one of the LEDs can be lit at one time

C Both are correct
D Both are wrong
258. Statement 1: The most popular type of tri-colour LED has a red and a green LED
combined in one package with three leadsof different lengths.
Statement 2: The centre lead is the common cathode for both LEDs; the outer leads
are the anodes to the LEDs allowing each one to be lit separately, or both together to
give the third colour.

C Both are correct
D Both are wrong
259. Statement 1: RGB LEDs contain Red, Green and Blue LEDs in one package.
Statement 2: Each internal LED can be switched on and off separately allowing a
range of colours to be produced:

C Both are correct
D Both are wrong
260. In a RGB LED, lighting the Red + Green gives
A Yellow
B Blue
C White
D Cryan
261. In a RGB LED, lighting Red + Blue gives
43
A Crayn
B Magenta
C Yellow
D White
262. In a RGB LED, lighting Green + Blue gives
A Crayn
B Magenta
C Yellow
D White
263. In a RGB LED, lighting Red + Green + Blue gives
A Crayn
B Magenta
C Yellow
D White
264. Regarding the operation of RGB LED which of the following statement is true
A It is a type of tri-colour LED has a red and a green LED combined in one package
with three leads.
B A wider range of colours can be produced by varying the brightness of each
internal LED
C Only one of the LEDs can be lit at one time
D Each internal LED cannot be switched on and off separately
265. The latest cabin lighting technology for which the European aviation authority
(EASA) issued a supplemental type certificate (STC) for the Airbus A320 family
aircraft is
A Schott Lighting and imaging

B Lufthansa Technik AG
C White light HelioJet technology
D White LED strips
266. The modern LED cabin lighting systems are considered ecologically friendly due to
A No critical substances like in fluorescent tubes

B Less waste (due to high Mean Time Between Failure)
C Repair of single modules is possible
D All the above
267. Generally, LED lighting solutions seemed to be efficient because of their
A Long lifetime and low failure levels.

B High cost and homogeneous light distribution
C Low maintenance and quick replacement
44
D Low light stability and light output
268. HelioJet technology offers three main design advantages over conventional LED
stripes; they are
A 5 x higher mean time between failure (MTBF), Fewer replacements and less
maintenance
B Possibility to exchange single LEDs, Less waste (due to high MTBF) and repair
of single modules is possible
C Homogeneous light distribution, Constant light stability and Controlled light
output
D None
269. Life expectancy of an LED is often defined as the number of hours required for the
output to diminish to____________ of its output when new.
A 60%
B 70%
C 50%
D 30%
270. Linking dissimilar LEDs in parallel is not recommended, because the
A threshold voltage increases with increasing temperature

B threshold voltage increases with decreasing temperature
C threshold voltage decreases with decreasing temperature
D threshold voltage decreases with increasing temperature
271. Linking dissimilar LEDs in parallel is not recommended, because
A The hottest LED will receive the largest current, and thus become even hotter.
B Thermal runaway can result.
C As in A and B
D Intensities do not match
272. Statement 1: LEDs containing their own series resistors can safely be wired in
parallel.
Statement 2: In an application where two or more LED indicators will be illuminated
simultaneously, the LEDs can be connected in series with a lower value resistor.
Statement 3: Three LEDs in series may eliminate the need for a resistor completely,
depending on the voltage of the power supply.
A All statements are correct

B 1 is wrong and others are correct
C Only 1 is correct
D 1 and 2 are correct
273. Like any diode, the LED has a threshold voltage in the forward direction. If this
threshold is exceeded
45
A the effective internal resistance of the LED falls very rapidly

B Current rises equally rapidly, and quickly damages the component
C As in A and B
D Maximum intensity level is achieved and no further increase in intensity
274. Exceeding the recommended value for forward current, or allowing an LED to
overheat, will
A Shorten its lifetime

B increase its lifetime
C Cause a premature dimming of light output.
D As in A and C
275. The intensity of a fluorescent light is measured in
A Lumens per watt.

B Candelas
C mcd
D lux
276. In an aircraft lighting system, the lamp which can function on AC power supply is
A Incandescence lamp
B Neon lamp
C Fluorescent lamp
D All the above
277. In EM waves, the wave length of visible spectrum is
A between 280 and 640 nanometers

B between 380 and 740 nanometers
C between 480 and 840 nanometers
D between 580 and 940 nanometers
278. Illuminance is measured in lux, where 1 lux =
A 1 candela
B 1 lumen per square meter
C 1 Lumen per watt.
D 1 Lumen per volt.
279. A source of 1 lumen which projects all its light through a dispersion angle of 1
steradian is rated at
A 1 candela
B 1 lux
C 1 lumen per watt
D 1 mcd
46
280. If an incandescent lamp is used in an environment hotter than 100 degrees Celsius,
the life of the lamp is likely to be reduced by
A the beta cycle.

B the water cycle.
C the life cycle.
D the carbon cycle.
281. Which is the symbol for discharge lamp
282. Which is the symbol for neon lamp
283. During a night flight, you observe a steady red light and a flashing red light ahead and
at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?
A The other aircraft is flying away from you.

B The other aircraft is crossing to the left.
47
C The other aircraft is approaching head-on

D The other aircraft is crossing to the right.
284. During a night flight, you observe a steady white light and a flashing red light ahead
and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other
aircraft?

285. During a night flight, you observe steady red and green lights ahead and at the same
altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other aircraft?

286. During a night flight, you observe a steady green light and a flashing red light ahead
and at the same altitude. What is the general direction of movement of the other
aircraft?

287. Referring to the figure which is correct
A (a) is diode and (b) is LED

B (a) is LED and (b) is Zener diode
C (c) is diode and (d) is Zener diode
D (e) is LED and (a) is diode
289. LEDs are made out of
A Silicon
B Germanium
C Gallium
D Silicon and germanium, but not gallium.
290. The process of emitting photons from a semi-conductive material is called
48
A Photoluminescence.
B Gallium arsenide
C Electroluminescence
D Gallium phosphide
291. A LED produces light when
A forward biased
B reverse biased
C unbiased
D none of the above
292. Which of the following phosphor produces green color
A Zinc silicate
B Cadmium borate
C Magnesium tungstate
D Calcium halo phosphate
293. Under the influence of fluorescent lamps sometimes the wheels of rotating machinery
appear to be stationary. This is due to the
A fluctuations
B luminescence effect
C stroboscopic effect
D low power factor
294. The flicker effect of fluorescent lamp is more pronounced at
A lower voltages
B higher voltages
C lower frequencies
D higher frequencies
295. Which photometer is used for comparing the lights of different colors?
A Bunson photometer
B Grease spot photometer
C Lummer Brodhum photometer
D Guilds Flicker Photometer
296. Light is produced in electric discharge lamps by
A heating effect of current

B magnetic effect of current
C ionization in a gas or vapour
D carbon electrodes.
297. Lumen/watt is the unit of
49
A Light flux
B Luminous intensity
C Brightness
D Luminous efficiency
298. The output of a tungsten filament lamp depends on
A size of lamp
B size of shell
C temperature of filament
D all of the above
299. The rate of evaporation of tungsten filament in a lamp depends on
A glass shell diameter

B exhaust tube diameter
C vapor pressure inside
D none of the above
300. The level of illumination from a 100 W incandescent lamp will not increase by
A increasing the supply voltage

B increasing filament temperature
C increasing glass shell diameter
D None
301. A gas filled filament bulbs, the gas used is
A oxygen
B helium
C nitrogen
D Ozone
302. When a fluorescent lamp is to be operated on dc which of the following additional

device must be incorporated in the circuit?
A Condenser
B Transformer
C Resistance
D Inductance.
303. For same rating the amount of radiant heat produced in which of the following lamp
is the least?
A Fluorescent lamp
B Filament lamp
C Sodium vapour lamp
D Mercury vapour lamp
50
304. The amount of radiant heat produced by a fluorescent lamp is nearly what percent of
that of a filament lamp of same rating
A 80%
B 60%
C 40%
D 20%
305. In fluorescent tubes ballast resistance is connected in series with the choke
A when supply frequency is low

B to reduce radio interference
C when tube operates on dc supply
D to reduce stroboscope effects
306. Glare may result from
A excessive lighting contrast in the field of vision

B excessive luminance
C either of (A) or (B) above
D none of the above
Glare is the result of
A very low luminance

307 B normal luminance
C excessive luminance
D none of the above
308. Coating on fluorescent lamps
A converts ultra-violet, radiations into visible light

B converts visible light into ultra-violet radiations
C reduces glare
D none of the above
309. The color of light depends on
A wavelength
B frequency
C wavelength and frequency
D wavelength, frequency speed and intensity
310. When the aircraft is in a normal configuration, only ________ lights can be
permanently lit, whereas ___________ lights can be intermittently.
A Blue , green
B Green , blue
C Green , red
D Red , blue
51
311. Which types of lighting are used to ensure adequate illumination of all instruments
A Integral lighting within the instruments

B Strobe lighting
C Pillar and bridge lighting
D As in A and C
312. Lights that are positioned on an instrument panel to illuminate small adjacent areas
and dial of instruments are
A Integral lighting
B Indicator lighting
C Pillar and bridge lighting
D Flood lighting
313. Wedge of front lighting is a common form of integral lighting for
A Switches
B Controls
C Instruments
D Panels
314. Instruments mounted in an aircraft may be illuminated by
A Pillar and bridge lighting

B Wedge or front lighting
C Festoons of micro-miniature lamps
315. Which of the following is integral lighting of the instruments
A Pillar and bridge lighting

B Wedge or front lighting
C Festoons of micro-miniature lamps
D Both B and C
316. Pea lamps are used in
A Flood lighting
B Pillar lighting
E Floor lighting
D Emergency lighting
317. Miniature centre contact lamps are also known as
A Small lamps
B Festoons
C Pea lamps
D Instrument lamps
52
318. The type of lamp used in flight deck as flood lighting is
A Incandescent lamp
B Fluorescence tube
C Bothe A and B used in combination
D Micro-miniature lamps
319. Electro-luminescent lighting is employed in
A Passenger information sign

B Markings on control valves and switches
C Central warning system
D Both A and B
320. In all commercial passenger transport aircraft, the passenger compartment lighting are
controlled from
A Panels at cabin attendant stations

B Flight deck by pilot
C Either A or B
D Both A and B
321. Illumination of essential passenger information signs such as Fasten Seat Belt/No
Smoking and Return to Cabin are provided by
A Incandescence lamps
B Electro-luminescent
C Either A or B as per type of aircraft
D As in C and are usually controlled from flight deck
321. Self illuminating signs are
A Self powdered
B Instantly seen in dark areas
C Radiation hazard
D Both A and B
322. Self powered lights used in self illuminating signs consists of a small sealed glass
envelope internally coated with
A A layer of phosphor
B A layer of phosphor and containing mercury vapour
C A layer of phosphor and containing tritium gas
D A layer of phosphor and containing xenon gas
323. Self illuminating signs emits visible light because of
A Beta particle emission by tritium gas

B Alpha particle emission by tritium gas
53
C Gamma particle emission by tritium gas

D Beta particle emission by hydrogen gas
324. The color of emitted light from self illuminating signs are being controlled by
A The selection of phosphor coating and energy of tritium gas

B The selection of phosphor coating only
C The selection of phosphor coating and power of tritium gas
D The selection of phosphor coating and mercury vapour pressure
325. The emergency battery used to supply power for internal emergency lighting system
is maintained in fully charged state
A By trickle charge from the aircraft main busbar system

B By trickle charge from the aircraft battery system
C By trickle charge from the aircraft emergency busbar system
D By trickle charge from the aircraft standby busbar system
326. Acceleration sensitive switches which are employed in internal emergency lighting
system cause
A Arming of system
B Automatic operation of system
C Emergency operation of system
E None
327. When replacing a failed fluorescent light ballast unit, further failure of ballast unit as
a result of overheating can be avoided by
A Checking contacts and tubes also for defects

B Replacing contacts and tube holders
C Replacing tubes
D Protecting circuit with lower rating fuse
328. If self illuminating lights of self illuminating signs break
A Broken lights are returned to manufacturer and replaced with new one
B The aircraft should be evacuated and all doors left open for maximum ventilation
C It should be returned to manufacturer for disposal
D As in B and C
329. Self illuminating signs are returned to its manufacturer in the event of
A Breakage
B Scrap life expiry
C Low illumination level
D Both A and B
330. Self illuminating signs are checked for its luminosity level
54
A During night
B On initial fitting
C At periods specified in relevant maintenance schedule
D As in B and C
331. Life of self illuminating signs are______________ after which they are returned to
manufacturer for ____________
A 5 yrs , disposal
B 10 yrs, renewal
C 3 yrs, overhaul
D 2 yrs, refill
55

Aircraft Lights Regulations and Requirements

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LIGHTS:ATA-33 M-11A-14 LEVEL-3 QPREF-1121 Q-40/T-50

1. With aircraft lights -which of the following is true?

A Starboard light red, port light green, tail light Red

2. Emergency floor lighting system is inoperative, then

A the aircraft is allowed to fly empty to a main base

3. A white light must be

4. Battery is switched off in flight the

A battery is disconnected from bus

5. What is the arc of a landing light is

6. The visible angle of a white tail navigation light is

7. Wing navigation lights must be visible from which angle?

8. Cockpit dome lighting is provided by the

10. Escape route lighting must not have more than

11. How many emergency lights are allowed to be inoperative?

12. The angle of a runway turnoff light is

13. Cabin fluorescent lighting circuits are supplied with

14. How passenger reading lights are normally tested?

A Each one is switched on individually at passenger panel

C By using a READ LIGHT TEST switch on the cabin attendant panel

17. What is the output angle of a landing light?

A Not more than 50 %

20. A fluorescent tube contains

A phosphor coatings, rare gases and mercury vapour

21. A white steady light is required

22. Cargo bay lights on a modern aircraft are supplied by

23. Escape route lighting must not have more than

24. How many emergency lights are allowed to be inoperative?

25. The angle of a runway turnoff light is

27. A rotating beacon must have a minimum light rating of

28. Service lights include

A avionics bay lights, engine scanning lights, baggage compartment lights

29. If the 'blow-back' device on a landing lamp operates, how is it reset?

A 140 degrees and be 3 candelas minimum

32. Self-illuminating signs

A require a period of daylight, or intense artificial light to operate

33. When an annunciator light is selected to 'DIM', the resistor is in

A series with the light and the transistor is conducting

A to reduce the effect of lightning on the pilot's sight

B because lightning has less effect on fluorescent lamp units

35. Captain and First Officer's 'Dome' lights can be dimmed

36. In the CWS system, the caution light is coloured

37. On a CWS, which has the highest priority?

A Hydraulic pump failure

38. What inert gas is used in a typical strobe light?

40. Tritium Gas is used in a

A self illuminating lights

A Neon gas and blue

B Xenon Gas and blue-white

A continue with reduced passenger load

43. Navigation lights are supplied by the following circuit:

44. Automatic no smoking sign will illuminate

A when landing gear is down

45. ILS marker beacon lights are

A Blue, amber, white.

A Extend the gear

47. Candela is the unit of which?

48. A 1000 W bulb fitted with a reflector illuminates an area of 3 m X 3 m with an

A waste light factor

53. Illumination can be expressed in

55. Unit of luminous flux is

56. Which of the following statement is correct?

A Light consists of electromagnetic waves

57. Luminous efficiency of a fluorescence lamp is