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Christchurch
The earthquake occurred on a conservative plate margin
where the Pacific Plate slid past the Australian Plate in
the opposite direction. It was technically an aftershock
from a larger earthquake in 2010 but the impacts were
more severe.
Ground shaking
The ground was violently shaken and caused it to rise by up to 1 metre in
places.
Liquefaction
When the ground was shaken, the water was brought to the surface and
this made the ground very soft and everything from buildings to roads to
cars and trees sunk into the ground. Sand boils were the most common
type of liquefaction in this earthquake.
Slope failure
Part of the countrys longest glacier was broken off creating a large iceberg
(size of 20 football fields)
Significant landslides and rock falls in the Port Hills in the southern part of
Christchurch were reported.
Tsunami:
3.5m (11ft) tsunami waves in Tasman Lake, following quake-triggered
glacier calving from Tasman Glacier.
Building/infrastructure failure
Many had been weakened by the 2010 earthquake and although many survived that
earthquake, they were destroyed by the 2011 earthquake.
All types of buildings were affected and even some modern earthquake-proof buildings
succumbed to the quake.
Fire
A collapsed building at Kings education in Christchurch had to be extinguished in order to
recue people trapped inside.
Water shortage/contamination
Water & sewage pipes were ruptured during the quake and this allowed them to mix and
contaminate the water.
As a result, lots of bottled water had to be supplied to people with no access to clean water.
Exposure/housing
Thousands of people had to move out of their homes as it was unsafe for them to stay as
their homes may have been weakened by the quake and could collapse in an aftershock.
Insurance costs
It costs homeowners a small fraction of the sum insured, and provides protection of up to NZ$100,000
for a dwelling (building), NZ$20,000 for contents, and an amount for the land on which the dwelling is
situated.
Losses to business/industry
Christchurch could no longer host Rugby World Cup matches so lost the benefits of its income. The
tourism industry also suffered as a result.
Losses to employment
There were about 6,000 companies and/or institutions with over 50,000 employees in the CBD, or 25%
of the total employment in the city. Of the 50,000 employees, 45% are in government, health care, or
professions; these workers are likely to retain their jobs in another location. The other employees are in
a variety of sectors including hotels, restaurants, retail, manufacturing, construction, wholesale,
transport, communication, finance, insurance, and recreation; many in this group, especially those in
tourism, will be unemployed.
Land-use planning
Homes are no longer being rebuilt in seismically dangerous zones. The government has instigated purchases of
both land and houses in high risk zones and works with insurance companies to accelerate safe recovery
(Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority, 2012).
Aid
St Johns ambulance had 16 ambulances operational within half an hour of the quake.
International aid was provided in the form of money (around $6-7 million) and aid workers.
Insurance
$898 million has been paid in building claims