Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics Problem Set

Dr. Joel Jorolan

Chem 16 Summer 2015

1. Consider the following reaction.

1/8 S8(s) + H2(g) H2S(g) Hrxn = -20.2 kJ
a) Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?
b) What is Hrxn for the reverse reaction?
c) What is the H when 3.2 moles of S8 reacts?
d) What is H when 20.0 g of S8 reacts?
2. Diamond and graphite are two crystalline forms of carbon. At 1 atm and 25C, diamond changes to graphite
so slowly that the enthalpy change of the process must be obtained indirectly. Determine Hrxn for:
C(diamond) C(graphite)
using the following equations:
(1) C(diamond) + O2(g) CO2(g) H1 = -395.4 kJ
(2) 2 CO2(g) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) H2 = 566.0 kJ
(3) C(graphite) + O2(g) CO2(g) H3 = -393.5 kJ
(4) 2 CO(g) C(graphite) + CO2(g) H4 = -172.5 kJ
3. Using the enthalpies of formation in your book, calculate the Hrxn for the following reactions:
a) 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 SO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)
b) CH4(g) + Cl2(g) CCl4(l) + HCl(g) (unbalanced)
c) SiO2(s) + 4 HF(g) SiF4(g) + 2 H2O(l)
d) 2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g) 2H2O(l) + 2 SO2(g)
e) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
4. Given the following thermochemical equations,
(1) NO(g) + O3(g) NO2(g) + O2(g) H1 = -198.9 kJ
(2) O3(g) 3/2 O2(g) H2 = -142.3 kJ
(3) O2(g) 2O(g) H3 = +495 kJ
Determine the enthalpy change for the reaction:
NO(g) + O(g) NO2(g)
5. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction
2 Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) 2 Fe(s) + Al2O3(s)
Given that
(1) 2 Al(s) + 3/2 O2(g) Al2O3(s) H1 = -1601 kJ

(2) 2 Fe(s) + 3/2 O2(g) Fe2O3(s) H2 = -821 kJ

6. For the following reaction, determine the amount of heat (in kJ) is given off when 1.26 104 g of ammonia
is produced.

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) Hf = -92.6 kJ

7. Predict the entropy change (S) for the following reactions:

a) 2 NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
b) AlCl3(aq) AlCl3(s)
c) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g)
d) O2(g) + 2 MgF2(s) 2 MgO(s) + 2 F2(g)
e) NH4NO3(s) NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
f) 3 O2(g) 2 O3(g)
g) 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
8. From the standard entropy values in your book, calculate the standard entropy change for the following
reactions:
a) 2 NO(g) + O2(g) 2 NO2(g)
b) CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(l)
c) 2 H2O2(aq) 2 H2O(l) + O2(g)
d) 2 MgO(s) 2 Mg(s) + O2(g)
e) 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)

9. Rank the following materials in order of increasing entropy (without consulting standard entropy values):
a) KCl(s), KBr(s), SrS(s)
b) CH4(g), C5H12(g), C3H8(g)
c) NaCl(s), NaCl(aq), NaBr(s)
d) Xe(g), Ne(g), Ar(g)
e) NH3(g), Ne(g), CH3CH2OH(g), He(g)

10. For each of the following reactions, calculate the Hrxn and Srxn from the standard enthalpy and entropy
values in your book. Then calculate the Grxn from the Hrxn and Srxn values calculated above at 25C.
a) 2 CH4(g) C2H6(g) + H2(g)
b) 2 NH3(g) N2H4(g) + H2(g)
c) N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g)
d) 2 KClO3(s) 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)
e) 3 H2(g) + Fe2O3(s) 2 Fe(s) + 3 H2O(g)

11. The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of mercury are 23.4 and 59.0 kJ/mole, respectively. Calculate
the molar entropy changes for the solid-liquid and liquid-gas transitions for mercury if it melts at -38.9C and
boils at 357C.

12. Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy for each of following sets of data and indicate whether or not the
reaction will be spontaneous.
a) Hrxn = 125 kJ; Srxn = +253 J/K; T = 298 K
b) Hrxn = +125 kJ; Srxn = 253 J/K; T = 298 K
c) Hrxn = 125 kJ; Srxn = 253 J/K; T = 298 K
d) Hrxn = 125 kJ; Srxn = 253 J/K; T = 555 K

13. Using the Gf values in the table at the back of your book, calculate the Grxn for the following reactions
at 25C, and identify if they are reactant- or product-favored.
a) K(s) + Cl2(g) 2 KCl(s)
b) 4 NH3(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 NO2(g) + 6 H2O(g)
c) 2 CuO(s) 2 Cu(s) + O2(g)
d) SiCl4(l) + 2 Mg(s) 2 MgCl2(s) + Si(s)

14. Find the temperatures at which the following reactions would become spontaneous:
a) H = -126 kJ/mole; S = 84 J/Kmole
b) H = -11.7 kJ/mole; S = -105 J/Kmole
c) H = 10.5 kJ/mole; S = 30 J/Kmole
15. Predict the outcome of the reaction (spontaneous or non-spontaneous) based on the following information:
a) H = +, S = +
b) H = +, S =
c) H = , S = +
d) H = , S =

16. Calculate the K for the following reaction:

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) G = 2.60 kJ/mole

17. The Ksp for iron (II) hydroxide is 1.6 10-14. Calculate the Gibbs free energy for this reaction.

18. For the following reaction: PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

a) Calculate G and K at 25C.
b) If the partial pressures of the mixture are P(PCl5) = 0.0029 atm, P(PCl3) = 0.27 atm, and P(Cl2) =
0.40 atm, what is the G for the reaction?

19. What is the advantage of coupling a reaction?