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IB + IC + ID = IA
Figure 1 Possible node (or junction) in a
Bringing everything to the left side of the above
circuit
equation, we get
(IB + IC + ID) - IA = 0
Then, the sum of all the currents is zero. This can be generalized as follows
DC Circuits
We can adopt the convention that potential gains (i.e. going from lower to higher potential, such
as with an emf source) is taken to be positive. Potential losses (such as across a resistor) will
then be negative. However, as long as you are consistent in doing your problems, you should be
able to choose whichever convention you like. It is a good idea to adopt the convention used in
your class.
COMPLICATED CIRCUITS
Here are some examples of complicated circuits which cannot be reduced to a series circuit or
a parallel circuit. One cannot find equivalent resistances using the rules from resistors in series or
in parallel. Instead, Kirchhoff's Current and Voltage Laws are used to solve these circuits.
Kirchhoff's Laws are not the only method of solving such circuits. Different methods have
arisen to solve complicated circuits, such as the Superposition Theorem. Some of these methods
are easier to use than others, and their simplicity is dependent on the specific circuit to be solved.
DC Circuits
SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
The superposition theorem is a method of solving circuits, often used in circuits with more
than one emf source. It uses Kirchhoff's Voltage Law.