WELDED CONNECTIONS two pieces of metal connected by heating them to a plastic or fluid state called fusion Welding process > two types > Electric welding, (ii) Gas Welding _— Electrode Welding machine ac or de Exvuded power source and controls cooling was / Electiods holder Molten pool iposous shi [ Ficwode at Stag {Are stream £ Py, An Base metal a Ground cable ™S Electrode cable Fig, 84 decal arc welding Assumptions in Welded Joints Welded are homogeneous, isotropic and elastic Welds are rigid and no deformation with-in welds No residual stresses in welds (due welding processAdvantages of welded connections over bolted connections: + No deductions for hole > gross section is effective > More efficient use of material +small size of gusset plates > more compact joint + Economical due to saving in time in preparing drawings and fabrication + Fast speed of fabrication and erection + No connecting plates > Less weight of structure > economical + Better for fatigue, impact and vibrations (earlier it was assumed not good in fatigue) + Produces rigid connection > produce one piece Construction > less deformation + requires less depth of beam reduced overall ht of butding + Less noise pollution + Watertight / airtight connections > good for liquid/gas storage tanks + Avoids problem of hole alignment + Needs power supply at site Disadvantages of welded Joints: + Needs skilled labour + Needs costly equipments + Difficult to inspect the joints > needs NDT testing methods such as Magnetic particle method, dye penetration method, ultrasonic method, radiography + Welded joints if over rigid (than members) may fail in fatigue > cracking in membersTypes of Welded Connections Welds classification based weld procedure (i) Fillet weld, (ii) butt or groove weld (iii) plug weld (iv) slot weld classification based on its location (i) flat weld; (ii) horizontal weld(iii) Vertical weld (iv) overhead weld Welds classification based on type of joint (i) butt welded joint (ii) lap welded joint (iii) Tee Welded joint (iv) corner welded dl a crs te, Groove welds Fillet welds i 4 A a t _t Tw —_ | Section AA Section A-A Blog weld Slot weld