Dynamics of Machinery

Date of Performance: Experiment No.

/ / 2015 Name of Experiment: Dynamic Vibration Absorber.

Aim

To set secondary mass parameters in order to absorb primary mass vibrations.

Theory

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After completing this simulation experiment, one should be able to model a given real
system to an equivalent simplified single degree of freedom system and reducing the
vibration of the main system adding an absorber system with suitable assumptions /
idealizations.
Determine the amplitude of vibration for both main and additional system.
Tune a vibration absorber by varying dynamic system parameters.
Study the response of the vibration absorber for different excitation frequency and
amplitude.

DYNAMIC VIBRATION ABSORBER

When a structure is externally excited, it will have undesirable vibrations. The
amplitude of vibration will be maximal when the system gets excited close to its natural
frequency and this can cause rapid catastrophic failure. Hence it becomes necessary to
neutralize these vibrations. One of the methods for neutralizing these vibrations is by coupling
a vibrating system to it so that the amplitude can be brought down to zero. This kind of
vibrating system is known as vibration absorber or dynamic vibration absorber (DVA). DVA
are used to control structural vibrations where it concentrates on neutralizing the amplitude of
vibration at resonance. Some practical examples of dynamic vibration absorber showed in Fig
1 and 2.

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

Fig 1: Dynamic vibration absorber in steel stack

Fig 2: Dynamic vibration absorber PCB

To study the dynamic absorber system, a real system considered as main system is
modelled as an equivalent single degree of freedom system and it is excited by a harmonic
excitation force F= F0sint. The steady state response of the system is given by x= X sin
(t+). Steady state amplitude of vibration of the proposed single degree of freedom system
will be maximum at the resonance. To neutralize the effect at resonance, the main system
couples with an absorber system. This coupling will affect (suppress) the amplitude of
vibration of the main system. By the addition of absorber system, single degree of freedom

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

analysis cannot hold. Hence whole system should be considered two degree of freedom
system.

Fig 3: A single degree of freedom system and vibration absorber system

Fig 4: Free body diagram of vibration absorber system

The free-body diagrams of the masses and are shown in Fig. 4. By application of Newtons
second law of motion to each of the masses gives the equations of motion as:

....(1)

....(2)

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

Steady state response of two degree of freedom is assumed as,

..(3)

By substituting x1 and x2 in equation 1 and 2 we get,

......(4)

By solving the equation 3 and 4, amplitude of vibration of main system and absorber system
given by,

......(5)
and

......(6)

From equation 5 it can be observed that the amplitude of vibration of main system X1 can be
zero if numerator becomes zero.

or

......(7)

From equation 7, it can be concluded that when the excitation frequency is equal to the natural
frequency of the absorber, then main system amplitude becomes zero even though it is excited
by harmonic force. Dimensionless form of equation 5 and 6 can be written as,

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

......(8)

......(9)

Equations 8 and 9 give the amplitude response of main system and absorber system as a
function of exciting frequency. Where,

= Zero frequency deflection of the main system

1= Natural frequency of the main system
2= Natural frequency of the absorber system
= Frequency of external excitation
= ratio of absorber mass to the main mass
Fig 5 shows the variation of X1/Xst for different frequency ratios.

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

PROCEDURE:

1. Set the value of primary mass and stiffness (m1, k1).

2. Set the operating frequency at which you wish to operate the system.
3. Edit the value of secondary mass and stiffness (m2, k2) such that the vibration in
primary mass reduces.
4. Click right arrow to observe the graph of X2/Xst

RESULTS:

Variables Fo (N) (rad/s) K2 (N/m) M2 (kg) K1 (N/m) M1 (kg)

Quantities 750 3.16 500 50 2500 250

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

Variables Fo (N) (rad/s) K2 (N/m) M2 (kg) K1 (N/m) M1 (kg)

Quantities 750 3.16 500 50 3000 300

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

Variables Fo (N) (rad/s) K2 (N/m) M2 (kg) K1 (N/m) M1 (kg)

Quantities 750 3.16 500 50 3250 330

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

Variables Fo (N) (rad/s) K2 (N/m) M2 (kg) K1 (N/m) M1 (kg)

Quantities 750 3.16 500 50 3500 400

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W

 Dynamics of Machinery

RESULT TABLE:
Sr. Fo K2 M2
K1 M1 Xst 1 2
No.
1 2500 250 0.3 3.16 3.16
2 3000 300 0.25 3.16 3.16
750 3.16 500 50
3 3250 330 0.23076 3.14 3.16
4 3500 400 0.21428 2.96 3.16

CONCLUSION:
As the stiffness of spring (K1) increases vibration of the system decreses.

Class : BE Mechanical and Mechanical S/W