1

DOUBLE ACTION LIFTING JACK

1.ESTABLISHING THE LOADS THAT STRESS THE ELEMENTS

OF THE JACK

Figure 1.1

2. MAIN SCREW CALCULUS

2.1 Choosing the material
It is choosen OL 50 STAS 500/2

2.2 Design calculus

· Load calculation Qc , N
Qc = β ⋅ Q = 1,28 ⋅ 22000 = 28160 N
β =1.25 o... 1.3o for double action lifting jack
· Inner diameter of the thread d 3 , mm

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 2

4 ⋅ Qc 4 ⋅ 28160
d3 = = = 22.63[ mm] σac
π ⋅ σ ac 3.14 ⋅ 70
=60….80 MPa for lifting wheights Q > 20000 N

· Choosing the standard thread

It is choosen trapezoidal thread Tr 28x5 SR ISO 2904, with the main
dimmensions as shown in Fig 2.1 and Table 2.1

Figure 2.1

Table 2.1
Nominal Pitch Medium Exterior Interior Diameter
Diameter Diameter Diameter
d , mm p, mm d 2 = D2 , mm D4 , mm d 3 , mm D1 , mm
30 6 27.00 31.00 23.00 24.00

2.3 Checking the self-locking condition

P 6
·The threads pitching angle β2 = arctg = arctg = 4o
π ⋅ d2 3.14 ⋅ 27
· Apparent friction angle
µ 0.11
ϕ ' = arctg = arctg = 6.5 o
α 30
cos cos
2 2
µ = 0.11 o... 0.12 o for steel

· Self-locking condition
β 2 = 4° < ϕ ' = 6.5o

2.4 Checking at composed stresses

· The torsion moment that acts on the screw M t , Nmm

2
 3

d2 27
M t = M insI = Q tg (ϕ ' + β2 ) = 22000 tg (6.5 + 4) = 55045 .69[ Nmm ]
2 2

· Effective compression tension

4⋅Q 4 ⋅ 22000
σc = = = 52.95[ MPa ]
π ⋅ d 3 3,14 ⋅ 23 2
2

· Effective torsion tension

16 ⋅ M t 16 ⋅ 55045.69
τt = = = 23[ MPa]
π ⋅ d 33 3,14 ⋅ 233
· Equivalent tension

σ e = σ c2 + 4 ⋅τ t2 ≤ σ ac [ MPa ]
σ e = 52 .95 2 + 4 ⋅ 23 2 = 70 .14[ MPa ] ≤ σ ac = 80[ MPa ]

σac – see p. 2.2(design calculus) [3]

2.5 Buckling checking

· Slendering coefficient

Figure 2.2

3
 4

lf 528
λ= = = 91.82
imin 5.75
l f = k ⋅ l = 2 ⋅ 264 = 528[mm]
l = H I + m = 220 + 44 = 264[mm]
π ⋅ d 34
imin
l
= min ≈ 64 = d 3 = 23 = 5.75[mm]
A π ⋅ d 32 4 4
4

· Buckling domain

λ < λ0 – plastic buckling

λ0 = 89 – for OL 50
· The safety coefficient for buckling
σ
c = f = 5.25
σc
σf =335-0.62λ for OL 50

c = 8.2 > ca = 3….5

SECONDARY SCREW CALCULUS

3.1. Choosing the material

· It is choosen OL50 STAS 500/2-80

3.2. Calculus of the number of turns of the main screw nut (located
inside the secondary screw)

· Number of turns

Figure 3.1

4
 5

4Q 4 * 22000
z= = = 6.7
π (d − DI ) pa 3.14(30 2 − 24 2 )13
2 2

It is chosen z = 7

d, D1, D4 (see pt. 2.2)

pa = 7…13 MPa admissible crushing pressure of the lubricant film between

the turns

· Length of the nut

H pi = z ⋅ p = 7 ⋅ 6 = 42 mm

3.3. Choosing the exterior thread

· Adopting the preliminary internal diameter of the thread

d 3 = D0 + ( 8... 10 ) mm = 37 +10 = 47[mm ]

D0 = D4 + ( 4... 6 ) mm = 31 + 6 = 37[ mm ]

· Choosing the standardized thread

It is chosen trapezoidal standardized thread Tr 52x8 mm SR ISO 2904
with main dimmensions presented in Figure 3.2 and Table 3.1

Figure 3.2

5
 6

Table 3.1
Nominal Pitch Medium Exterior Interior Diameter
Diameter Diameter Diameter
d , mm p, mm d 2 = D2 , mm D4 , mm d 3 , mm D1 , mm
60 9 55.5 61 50 51

3.4. Checking the self-locking condition

· The threads pithcing angle β2 ,degrees

P 9
β2 = arctg = arctg = 2.95 °
π ⋅ d2 3.14 ⋅ 55 .5

· Apparent friction angle

µ 0,12
ϕ' = arctg = arctg = 7 .1 °
α 30
cos cos
2 2
µ = 0,11 ... 0,12 [ mm ]

· Self-locking condition
β2 = 2.95 ° < ϕ ' = 7.1°

3.5. Checking at composed stresses

· The torsion moment that acts on the screw M t , Nmm

d2
2
( )
⋅ tg ϕ ' + β 2 = 22000 ⋅
M t = M insII = Q ⋅
55.5
2
⋅ tg (7.1 + 2.95) = 108197 [ Nmm ]
· Effective compression tension

4⋅Q 4 ⋅ 22000
σc = = = 24.76[ MPa]
(
π ⋅ d 3 − D0
2 2
)
3,14 ⋅ (503 − 37 3 )

· Effective torsion tension

Mt 108197
τt = = = 6.18[ MPa ]
π
⋅ ( d3 − D0 )
3,14
4 4
(50 − 37 )
4 4

16 ⋅ d 3 16 ⋅ 50

· Equivalent tension

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 7

σe = σc2 + 4 ⋅τt2 ≤σac

σac = 60 ... 80 MPa
σe = 24 .76 2 + 4 ⋅ 6.18 2 = 27 .67 [ MPa ]
σe = 27 .76 [ MPa ] ≤σac = 60 ...... 80 [ MPa ]
σac= 60….80[MPa] (see pt. 2.2) [3]

FIXED NUT CALCULUS

4.1. Choosing the material

It is chosen OL50 STAS 500/2

4.2. Calculus of the number of turns

· Number of turns, z

Figure 4.1

4Q 4 ⋅ 22000
z= = = 8.45
π (d − DI ) pa 3.14(282 − 232 )13
2 2

pa = 7….13 MPa for steel/steel [3]

6 ≤ z ≤ 10 integer

It is chosen z=9
· Lenght of the nut
H pII = z ⋅ p = 9 ⋅ 5 = 45[mm ]

4.3. Checking the nut

4.3.1. Bending and shearing checking

· Steel nut (bending)

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 8

3 ⋅ Q ⋅ ( d 2 − d3 )
σi = ≤ σ ai
π ⋅ d3 ⋅ h 2 ⋅ z
h = 0,634 ⋅ p = 0,634 ⋅ 9 = 5.7[mm ]
3 ⋅ 22000 ⋅ ( 55.5 − 50 )
σi = = 7.9 ≤ σ ai
π ⋅ 50 ⋅ 5,7 2 ⋅ 9
σ ai = 60...80[ MPa ][3]

Figure 4.2

· Steel nut (shearing)

Q
τf = ≤ τ af
π ⋅ d3 ⋅ h ⋅ z
22000
τf = = 2.73[ MPa ] ≤ τ af
3,14 ⋅ 50 ⋅ 5,7 ⋅ 9
τ af = 50 ... 65[ MPa ][ 3]

4.4. Choosing the nut dimensions

· Exterior diameter of the body

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 9

Figure 4.3

De = D4 + ( 8... 10 ) mm = 61 + 8 = 69[ mm ]

· Exterior diameter of the neck

Dg = De + (16 ... 20 ) mm = 69 +16 = 85[mm ]

· Height of the neck

hg =8... 12 [ mm ] =8[mm ]

4.5. Checking the nut at composed stresses

· Effective traction tension

4⋅Q 4 ⋅ 22000
σt = = = 26.94[ MPa]
(
π ⋅ De − D4
2 2
) 3,14 ⋅ (692 − 612 )

· Effective torsion tension

M insII 108197
τt = = = 2.39[ MPa ]
π
16 ⋅ De
(
⋅ De − D4
4 4
) 3,14
16 ⋅ 69
(69 − 61 )
4 4

· Equivalent tension
σ e = σ t2 + 4 ⋅τ t2 = 26 .94 2 + 4 ⋅ 2.39 2 = 27 .36[ MPa ] ≤ σ at
σ at = 60 ... 80[ MPa ][3]

4.6. Checking the neck

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 10

· Crushing check
4 ⋅Q 4 ⋅ 22000
σs = = = 11 .37[ MPa ] ≤ σ as
(
π ⋅ Dg − De
2 2
)3,14 ⋅ (85 2 − 69 2 )
σ as = 60 ...... 80[ MPa ][3]

· Shearring check
Q 22000
τf = = =12 .69[ MPa ] ≤τ af
π ⋅ De ⋅ hg 3,14 ⋅ 69 ⋅ 8
τaf = 40 ... 55[ MPa ][ 3]

4.7. Choosing and checking the stud nut that secures the nut in
the jacks body

· Choosing the stud nut

Figure 4.4

It is chosen stud nut M6x25mm, with notch, cylindrical pin, represented

in figure 4.6

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 11

Figure 4.5

· The friction moment on the surface of the neck Mg,[N*m]

1 Dg3 − De3 1 853 − 693
M g = ⋅ µ ⋅Q ⋅ 2 = ⋅ 0,15 ⋅ 22000 ⋅ = 127507[ Nmm ]
3 Dg − De2 3 85 2 − 69 2
µ= 0.15……0.2 for steel/steel

· The moment in the pin

M s = M insII − M g =108197 −127507 = −19310 [ Nmm ]

So the checking of the pin is not necessary

CALCULUS OF THE BODY

·Choosing the dimensions of the body

Figure 5.1

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 12

Dci = De + ( 2...6 ) [mm] = 69 + 4 = 73 [mm]

γ = 5°...7° = 6°
δ = 7...8[mm] = 8[mm]
δt = 10 ...12 [mm] = 10 [mm]
Dbe = Dbi + ( 30 ...50 ) [mm] = 98 + 33 = 131 [mm]
HI H
= II ⇒ H I = 73 .6[mm];H II = 110 .4[mm]
pI pII
H1 = H II + ( 30 ...50 ) [mm] = 30 +110 .4 = 140 .4[mm]
H II = 110 .4[mm]
H c = H1 + H pII − hg + ( 0...10 ) [mm] = 140 .4 + 54 − 8 + 9 = 195 .4[mm]

· Checking the body at compression

4 ⋅Q 4 ⋅ 22000
σc = = = 14 .78[ MPa ] ≤ σ ac
π ⋅ ( Dg − Dci ) 3.14 ⋅ (85 2 − 73 2 )
2 2

σ ac = 60 ...... 80[ MPa ]

· Checking the underlying surface at crushing

4⋅Q 4 ⋅ 22000
σs = = = 3.7[ MPa ]
π ⋅ ( Dbe − Dbi ) 3.14 ⋅ (1312 − 982 )
2 2

σ as = 2...2,5[ MPa ]

CUP CALCULUS
4.8. Double action lifting jack cup

· Choosing the pin which consolidates the cup to the main screw

d s = (0,15 ... 0,25 )d c = 0.15 ⋅ 34 = 5.1mm

d c = d + (2... 4) mm = 32 + 2 = 34 mm
d=32 – nominal diameter of the main screw

It is chosen cylindrical pin A 6 X 30 STAS 1599/OLC 45

Figure 6.1

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 13

· Verificarea stiftului la forfecare τf si la strivire σs ,in MPa

Figure 6.1

• Shearing
4 M insI
τf = ≤ τ af
π ⋅ d c ⋅ d s2
4 ⋅ 55045 .69
τf = = 79 .25 MPa ≤ τ af
π ⋅ 34 ⋅ 5.12
τ af = 65 ....80 MPa[ 3 ]
• Crushing
 cup pin
4 M insI
σs = ≤ σ as
d s(D c2 − d c2 )
Dc = ( 1,4...1,6 )d c =1.6 ⋅ 34 = 54 [mm]
4 ⋅ 55045 .69
σs = =17 .9 MPa ≤ σ as
7 ⋅ ( 54 2 − 34 2 )
σ as =100 ...120 MPa[ 3 ]
 pin-screw head
6 M inslI
σs = ≤ σ as
d s ⋅ d c2
6 ⋅ 55045 .69
σs = = 56 .02 MPa ≤ σ as
5.1 ⋅ 34 2
σ as =100 ...120 MPa[ 3 ]

.Checking the reduced section of the screw head to composed stresses σe

,MPa
Q 22000
σc = = = 29.96MPa ≤ σ ac
π ⋅d 2
π ⋅ 34 2
c
− d s ⋅ dc − 5.1 ⋅ 34
4 4
σ ac = 40....60MPa[3]
16M insI 16 ⋅ 55045.69
τt = = = 8.2 MPa
d 5.1
π ⋅ d c3 (1 − s ) π ⋅ 343 (1 − )
dc 34
σ e = σ c2 + 4 ⋅ τ t2 = 302 + 4 ⋅ 8.2 2 = 34.19MPa ≤ σ ac
13
σ ac = 40....60MPa[3]
 14

EFFICIENCY CALCULUS

4.9. Efficiency of the double acion lifting jack

d 2 I tgβ 2 I + d 2 II tgβ 2 II
η= = 0.31
d 2 I tg (ϕ I' + β 2 I ) + d 2 II tg (ϕ II' + β 2 II )

d2I – see pt. 2.2(d2I=d2)

β2I, φI’ – see pt. 2.3(β2I= β2 ; φI’= φI)
d2II – see pt. 3.3(d2II= d2)
β2II, φII’ - see pt. 3.4(β2II= β2 ; φII’= φ’)

14
 15

THE METHODOLOGY OF DESINGNING A HORIZONTAL RATCHET

MECHANISM

4.10. Mechanism sketch

Figure 8.1

15
 16

8.2The handle length calculus

8.2.1 Total bending moment M it , [ Nmm ]

M it = M m = M insI + M ins II = 55045.69 + 108197 = 163242.69[ Nmm]

8.2.2 The acting force ofone worker, Fm , N

Fm =150 ... 300 N [3]

It is chosen Fm=300[N]

4.10.1. The calculus length of the handle, Lc , mm

M it 163242 .69
Lc = = = 544 .14[ mm ]
k ⋅ n ⋅ Fm 1 ⋅1 ⋅ 300

n = 1 – no. of workers
k = 1 – unsimultaneousness coef. of the workers action

8.2.3Length of the hanlde, L, mm

L = Lc + l 0 = 544 .14 + 50 = 594 .14[ mm ]

L0 = 50 mm for n=1- the additional length for hand-grabbing the handle

8.3Lengthener calculus
8.3.1 Lengthener length L p , mm

Lm = (0.3..... 0.4) ⋅ L = 0,3 ⋅ 594 .14 =163 .24[mm ]

L p = L − Lm + l = 594 .14 −163 .24 + 50 = 480 .09[ mm ]
l = 50….80 mm – guidance length of the lengthener

8.3.2 Lengthener diameter d pe , mm

32 ⋅ k ⋅ n ⋅ Fm ⋅ ( L p − l 0 − l ) 32 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 300 ⋅ ( 480.09 − 50 − 50)

dpi = =3 = 171.28[mm]
 d 
4
 3.14 ⋅ [1 − 0.8 4 ] ⋅ 110
π ⋅ 1 −    ⋅ σ ai
3 pi

  d pe  
  

.Diametrul exterior al prelungitorului d pe ,mm

d pe = d pi + ( 4... 8) mm =175 mm

Se alege ţeavă comercială 20x3/OLT 45 STAS 530/1

16
 17

Verificarea prelungitorului la solicitarea de incovoiere σi ,MPa

32 ⋅ K ⋅ n ⋅ Fm ( L p − l 0 − l ) ⋅ d pe
σi = ≤ σ ai
π (d pe
4
− d pi4 )
32 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 300 ⋅ ( 480 − 50 − 60) ⋅ 175
σi = = 2.45 MPa σ ai = 110 MPa
π (175 4 − 171 4 )

8.4 Ratchet wheel calculus

8.4.1 Choosing the material

It is chosen OL50 STAS 500/2

8.4.2 Choosing the dimensions

· Wheel dimensions
Dm = (1,6...1,8) ⋅ d =1,6 ⋅ 30 = 48 [mm]
z =10 − no. of tu rns
π ⋅ Dm π ⋅ 48
b≤ = = 7.53 [mm]
2⋅z 2 ⋅10
Adopted b = 8
h = ( 0 ,6...0 ,8) ⋅ b = 0 ,6 ⋅ 8 = 4.2[mm]
Di = Dm − h = 48 − 4.8 = 43 .2mm
De = Dm + h = 48 + 4.8 = 52 .8[mm]
a ≤ 0 ,5 ⋅ d −( 1...2 ) = 0 ,5 ⋅ 30 −1.5 =13 .5[mm]
Adopted a =14 mm - for hexagonal contour

Figure 8.2

8.4.3 Checking the ratchet wheel under stresses

· Checking the cog at bending σi , MPa

17
 18

3 ⋅ F1 ⋅ h 3 ⋅ 6046 ⋅ 4.2
σi = = = 119 MPa ≤ σ ai
b2 ⋅δ 8 2 ⋅10
σ ai = 100...120 MPa[3]
2 ⋅ M it
F1 = = 6046 N
Dm
δ = 10mm

· Checking the cog at shearing

F1 6046
τf = = = 75 MPa ≤ τ af
b ⋅ δ 8 ⋅10
τ af = 80 ... 100 MPa [3]

· Checking the contact surface of the cog at crushing

F1 6046
σs = = = 57.3MPa ≤ σ as
δ ⋅ h 8 ⋅ 4 .2
σ as = 100 ...120 MPa [3]

· Checking the assembly on polygonal contour at crushing

Figure 8.3

2 ⋅ M it 2 ⋅ 163242
σs = = = 24.88Mpa ≤ σ as = 100MPa
n ⋅ a ⋅ δ t 6 ⋅13.5 2 ⋅ 12
2

δ t = δ + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12[mm]
n = 6 – for assembly on polygonal contour

8.5 Ratchet calculus

18
 19

Dimensiunile de amplasare aclichetului ,in mm

δl = (0,5... 0,6) ⋅ δ = 0,5 ⋅10 = 5mm

De 52 .8
l1 = + h + ( 2... 4)mm = + 4.2 + 3 = 33 .6mm
2 2
D = D pe + (4... 6)mm = 175 + 5 = 180 mm
D 180
h1 = − (0,5... 1) ⋅ δ1 = − 0,7 ⋅ 5 = 86 .5mm
2 2

8.5.1 Choosing the dimensions

Figure 8.4

h=4.2 mm
l 2 = h1 + δ1 + δt = 86 .5 + 5 +12 = 103 .5mm

___Verificarea clichetului la incovoiere

.Tensiunea de incovoiere

19
 20

8.5.3. Checking the ratchet at excentric compression

· Total tension

6 ⋅ Fl ⋅ al
σi = ≤ σ ai
h ⋅ h22
al = δ t + δ l − 0,5δ = 12 + 5 − 0,5 ⋅ 10 = 12mm
6 ⋅ 6046
σi = = 96 MPa
4.2 ⋅ 20

8.6 Main handle calculus

8.6.1 Choosing the material

It is chosen OL 50 STAS 500/2

8.2.1. Alegerea dimensiunilor

A 12 X 40 STAS 5754/2/OL50

8.2.2. Verificarea bolţului la solicitări

· Verificarea bolţului la forfecare

Fig.8.5.

20
 21

4R
τf = ≤ τ af
π ⋅ d b2

al 12
R = Fl ⋅ = 6046 ⋅ = 5003 .58
a2 14,5
δl 5
a 2 = hl + = 12 + = 14,5mm
2 2
τ af = 60 ... 80 MPa
4 ⋅ 6046
τf = = 53 .48 MPa ≤ σ af = 70 MPa
π ⋅12 2

· Verificarea bolţului la strivire

R 5003
σs = = = 69 MPa ≤ σ as = 70 MPa
d b ⋅ h 12 ⋅ 4.2
σ as = 60 ... 80 MPa

· Verificarea bolţului la încovoiere

16 ⋅ R ⋅ h 16 ⋅ 5003 ⋅ 4.2
σi = = = 61.96 MPa ≤ σ ai = 110 MPa
π ⋅ d b3 π ⋅ 12 3

9 TECHNICAL SECURITY WORK RULES

21
 22

The main work safety rules are:

- Jack repair if its failure will be made only by special people

- Jack is not inserted at random load, but only in places specially
designed to load
- To prevent accidents, if the load is lifted after the intervention
under high load, will always ensure load
- For a better functioning of the jack is recommended lubrication
periodic coupling of the jack screws
- Not running anointing of jack screws and couplings in use, ie
while jack is required to a certain
- Will not lift a load greater than indicated in calculations
- To lift the load it will not use the ratchet drive mechanism
provided in the calculations only lengtheners
- Use of any other type of extension can lead to forces that can lead
to the breaking of the mechanism, and so to car accidents

10 SUPPORTING STATEMENT REGARDING THE CHOICE OF

THE MATERIALS, THE BLANKS AND COSTRUCTIVE
SOLUTIONS FOR THE MAIN PARTS OF THE JACK(NUTS,
BOLTS)

22
 23

For proper functioning of the jack the screws need to be

not only resistant but also rigid. On that basis it will be chosen to
manufacture screws from ordinary materials (OL), as follows:
the main screw is recommended OL 37, for secondary nut and
screw fixation is recommended OL 50. For the screw and nut
need to be used trapezoidal thread fixed to increase the rigidity
of the mechanism. Yet when to prevent wear to the cup assembly
it can be chosen a heat treated or thermochemical steel. The
manufacturing of the ratchet mechanism operated horizontally
can also use ordinary materials, low alloy steels for general
engineering STAS 500 / 2. In the making it will be used
commercilal tubes for extension. When running the drive spring
mechanism will be used hot rolled and heat treated spring steel
and for the blank springs is used carbon steel wire STAS 89

11 WRITTEN EVIDENCE ON THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS,

HALF-FINSHEDED AND CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS ON
THE MAIN PICES IN THE MECHANISMS CONSTRUCTION

The jack is a mechanism used for lifting different tasks,

especially for auto repairs and interventions, which is composed from a
screw-nut mechanism.
Considering that the lifting task is statically applied, for the
screw-nut mechanism, we choose trapezoidal thread, which although
has a lower rated capacity then the squared one, it has a better stiffness
and at the same time ensures a good alignment of the nut on the screw.

Also this type of thread allows the transmission of the task in both
directions, and has the advantage that can be executed by milling with
high productivity.

23
 24

In choosing the materials we kept in mind that the operation is

done manually, and the jack has a relatively small time of operating,
but also in the fact that the screw-nut mechanism is the most requested
component of the jack. For this reasons was chosen, for manufacturing
the screw-nut mechanism, and the majority component parts, laminated
steel OL50 STAS 500/2 – 80. OL50 steel allows a proper processing by
cutting and it is not longer necessary to develop heat treatments to
improve its mechanical properties. OL50 laminated plate, of which the
levers were executed, has an increased resistance to buckling due to the
grains orientation in the same direction – after the levers axis – after
lamination. For the foot-plate of the jack, was chosen cast steel OT50
STAS 600 – 80, because it not longer requires further processing by
cutting. For the arch of the acting mechanism, was chosen arch steel
mark OLC55A, steel that gives the arch average properties.
In choosing the materials we had in mind, also the cost of the
chosen materials, aiming to obtain high quality products, at a lower cost
of production.

12 TEHNICAL SECURITY STANDARDS OF WORK

One nut lifting jack is included in the lifting mechanisms, of which
cause must be provided a series of instructions and measures to
prevent and avoid accidents at work.
Like any lifting mechanism, the lifting jack should ensure the
self-braking condition, meaning that when the jack operating stops, it
will not fall bellow the action of the lifting task. The self-braking
condition is ensured by de screw-nut mechanism.
The users of this lifting mechanism will be trained on how to
work correctly. It is recommended:
- The jack will be used only for manual acting;
- It will not be used for loads grater then 8200N. For this
reason we will mark, at a visible place, the maximum lifting
load;

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 25

- The lifting load should not allow horizontal movement, to

avoid the inverting of the jack. Also is forbidden to lift the
loads anchored on the ground, for not overloading the jack;
- The jack it will not be put directly on the ground, because it’s
resistance is unknown. In this way under the jack will be
inserted a plate, from a material sufficiently strong that will
not allow the sliding of the jack in horizontal plane;
- Checking the technical proper functioning of the jack before
using it;
- There will not be unattended loads left on the jack;
- The jack storage it will be made such that sub-assemblies
deformations will be avoided, in dry places such that the
crew-nut mechanism, oxidations will be not favored, which
will aggravate operating the jack for the appearance of
additional friction forces;
It will regularly be checked:
- The bolts to be provided with elastic rings, for safety;
- The levers are not deformed;
- The cup to be fixed well in the support;
- The screw-nut mechanism, not presenting advanced wear and
it will be permanently greased to reduce friction forces and
immature wear;
- Check that no cracks exists on different parts of the jack;

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13. REFRENCES
1. ALEXANDRU, P. s.a. Mecanisme, vol. II. Universitatea din Brasov,
1984.
2. DRAGHICI, I. s.a. Indrumar de proiectare in constructia de masini, vol.
I. Bucuresti, Editura Tehnica, 1981.
3. DRAGHICI, I. s.a. Organe de masini. Culegere de probleme. Bucuresti,
Editura Didactica si Pedagogica, 1980.
4. GAFITANU, M. s.a. Organe de masini, vol. I. Bucuresti, Editura
Tehnica, 1981
5. JULA, A. s.a. Organe de masini, Indrumar pentru proiectul de an nr. 1,
Universitatea din Brasov, 1986.
6. JULA, A. s.a. Organe de masini, vol. I. Universitatea din Brasov, 1986
7. MOLDOVEAN, GH. s.a. Calculul si proiectarea formei arborilor
drepti. Brasov, Editura Lux Libris, 1998
8. Culegere de norme si extrase din standarde pentru proiectarea
elementelor componente ale masinilor, vol. I si II. Universitatea din
Brasov, 1984

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