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An Overview of
Organic Reactions
Based on
McMurrys Organic Chemistry, 6th edition, Chapter 5
1
Kinds of Organic Reactions
2
Kinds of Organic Reactions
3
How Organic Reactions Occur: Mechanisms
In a clock the hands move but the mechanism behind the face is
what causes the movement
When several steps occur at the same time they are said to be
concerted 4
Types of Steps in Reaction Mechanisms
5
Homogenic Formation of a Bond
6
Homolytic Breaking of Covalent Bonds
Each product gets one electron from the bond
Not common in organic chemistry
7
Indicating Steps in Mechanisms
8
Radical Reactions and How They Occur
9
Steps in Radical Substitution
10
Polar Reactions and How They Occur
11
Polarity of common functional groups
12
Generalized Polar Reactions
13
An Example of a Polar Reaction:
Addition of HBr to Ethylene
14
Mechanism of Addition of HBr to Ethylene
15
Describing a Reaction:
Energy Diagrams and Transition States
The complete diagram for the reaction shows the free energy
changes associated with an intermediate
17
HBr, a Lewis acid, adds to the
bond
18
Reaction Diagram for Addition of HBr to Ethylene
19
Biological Reactions
20